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Questions and Answers
What is the distinct property of saponin glycosides in water?
What is the distinct property of saponin glycosides in water?
What are the aglycones of saponin glycosides referred to as?
What are the aglycones of saponin glycosides referred to as?
What is the general taste of saponins?
What is the general taste of saponins?
How do saponins modify the surface tension of water?
How do saponins modify the surface tension of water?
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What effect do saponins have on red blood cells when injected into the bloodstream?
What effect do saponins have on red blood cells when injected into the bloodstream?
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In medicine, what have saponins been used for?
In medicine, what have saponins been used for?
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Which type of saponins is less widely distributed in nature?
Which type of saponins is less widely distributed in nature?
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What is the main sweet principle of liquorice?
What is the main sweet principle of liquorice?
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Which type of saponins have a glycosidic linkage at position 3?
Which type of saponins have a glycosidic linkage at position 3?
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Which food materials contain a significant amount of saponins?
Which food materials contain a significant amount of saponins?
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What is the structure of neutral saponins based on?
What is the structure of neutral saponins based on?
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Which type of saponins are soluble in alcohol and water but insoluble in non-polar organic solvents?
Which type of saponins are soluble in alcohol and water but insoluble in non-polar organic solvents?
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What is the medicinal importance of steroidal saponins?
What is the medicinal importance of steroidal saponins?
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Which specialized structure is responsible for the occurrence of volatile oils in the Pinaceae and Rutaceae plant families?
Which specialized structure is responsible for the occurrence of volatile oils in the Pinaceae and Rutaceae plant families?
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In which plant part do volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in the rose?
In which plant part do volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in the rose?
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Where do volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in cinnamon?
Where do volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in cinnamon?
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Which part of the umbelliferous fruits do volatile oils appear in?
Which part of the umbelliferous fruits do volatile oils appear in?
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Where do volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in the mint plant?
Where do volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in the mint plant?
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In which part of the orange tree do two different kinds of volatile oils occur?
In which part of the orange tree do two different kinds of volatile oils occur?
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Which method of distillation is employed for fresh plant material to obtain volatile oils?
Which method of distillation is employed for fresh plant material to obtain volatile oils?
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What is the biosynthetic origin of aromatic compounds found in volatile oils?
What is the biosynthetic origin of aromatic compounds found in volatile oils?
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Which property of volatile oils is often a valuable diagnostic property?
Which property of volatile oils is often a valuable diagnostic property?
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Which chemical property is used to determine the alcohol content in volatile oils?
Which chemical property is used to determine the alcohol content in volatile oils?
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What is a common use of volatile oils?
What is a common use of volatile oils?
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What happens to volatile oils on exposure to light and air?
What happens to volatile oils on exposure to light and air?
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What is the main method for obtaining volatile oils from plant parts containing the oil?
What is the main method for obtaining volatile oils from plant parts containing the oil?
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What physical property is measured by a refractometer when evaluating volatile oils?
What physical property is measured by a refractometer when evaluating volatile oils?
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Which type of saponification do volatile oils not undergo with alkalies?
Which type of saponification do volatile oils not undergo with alkalies?
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What physical property characterizes most volatile oils?
What physical property characterizes most volatile oils?
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Study Notes
Saponin Glycosides
- Saponin glycosides exhibit a distinct property in water: they form a stable foam.
- The aglycones of saponin glycosides are referred to as sapogenins.
- Saponins generally have a bitter taste.
- Saponins reduce the surface tension of water, making it easier for water to spread and penetrate surfaces.
- Injection of saponins into the bloodstream can cause hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).
- In medicine, saponins have been used for their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties.
- Steroidal saponins are less widely distributed in nature compared to triterpenoid saponins.
- Glycyrrhizic acid is the main sweet principle of liquorice.
- Steroidal saponins have a glycosidic linkage at position 3.
- Foods that contain a significant amount of saponins include soybeans, quinoa, and spinach.
- The structure of neutral saponins is based on a triterpene or steroid nucleus.
- Triterpenoid saponins are generally soluble in alcohol and water but insoluble in non-polar organic solvents.
- Steroidal saponins are medicinally important due to their potential anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering properties.
Volatile Oils
- Specialized structures called oil glands are responsible for the occurrence of volatile oils in the Pinaceae and Rutaceae plant families.
- Volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in the petals of roses.
- In cinnamon, volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in the bark.
- Volatile oils appear in the fruit of umbelliferous plants.
- In mint plants, volatile oils appear in appreciable quantities in the leaves and stems.
- Two different kinds of volatile oils occur in the rind and flowers of the orange tree.
- Water distillation is the method employed for obtaining volatile oils from fresh plant material.
- The biosynthetic origin of aromatic compounds found in volatile oils is derived from the shikimic acid pathway.
- The optical rotation of volatile oils is often a valuable diagnostic property.
- The alcohol content in volatile oils is determined using the gas chromatography method.
- Volatile oils are commonly used in perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy.
- Exposure to light and air causes volatile oils to become oxidized and polymerized.
- Steam distillation is the main method for obtaining volatile oils from plant parts containing the oil.
- Refractometers measure the refractive index, which is a physical property used to evaluate the purity of volatile oils.
- Volatile oils do not undergo saponification with alkalies.
- Most volatile oils are characterized by their volatile, aromatic, and often pungent nature.
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Description
Test your knowledge about saponin glycosides, which are plant compounds known for their ability to form soapy lather in water. Learn about their properties, uses, and characteristics in this quiz.
