Sándor Petőfi: Revolutionary Vision Poetry

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Petőfi Sándor - Revolutionary Vision Poetry

• Born January 1, 1823, in Kiskőrös
• Father: Petrovics István, mother: Hrúz Mária
• Frequently changed schools due to financial reasons, attending institutions in Sárszentlőrinc, Pest, Aszód, Selmecbánya, Kecskemét, and Szabadszállás
• After finishing studies, faced years of poverty, working as a wandering actor, then as a stagehand at the Pesti Magyar Színház, later as a tutor, and for 2 years as a soldier in Sopron, where he was demobilized due to his frailty
• 1841 – Started studying at the Pápai College again
• 1842 - "A borozó" (The Wine Bar) appears (his first poem)
• 1843-44 winter: Works as an assistant actor in Debrecen, living in great poverty
• With the help of Mihály Vörösmarty, publishes his first volume of poems: Versek (Poems)
• Moves to Pest, where he meets János Arany → they become friends
• 1845 – Becomes a famous, recognized poet, and founds the Society of Ten
• 3 muses: Etelke Csapó (dies early), Berta Mednyánszky (her father rejects Petőfi), Júlia Szendrey – marries on September 8, 1847
• March 15, 1848 – Leader of the March Youth
• Becomes a soldier in Debrecen → his son, Zoltán Petőfi, is born
• Disappears in the battle of Segesvár on July 31, 1849
• 1846-48: Writes revolutionary poetry
• From 1846 – Reads a lot about the French Revolution and Karl Marx
• Revolutionary Vision Poetry: Poems looking into the future (visionary)

World Revolution Aims

• Strives to achieve world revolution by uniting all the peoples of the world against power, envisioning an ideal world once power ceases to exist

"One Thought Bothers Me" Analysis

• Genre is rhapsody; A lyrical poem belonging to the ode genre, with an impulsively sonorous, erratic train of thought, in fragmented form
• Fears dying in bed; it is not a heroic death
• Prays to God
• Death like a tree falling, a rock collapsing: a spectacular death
• Desires to die that way
• Goal: world revolution leading to world freedom
• Desires to die on the battlefield
• Description of war
• Presentation of world freedom fighters
  • Presentation of the lyrical self burial

XIX. Century Poets

• Starts with a warning
• There Are 2 Kinds Of Poets
  • Those who lack a greater purpose in their poetry
  • Those who fight for world freedom, the homeland, and a greater good, the lyrical self

Characteristics Drawing Parallels Between Moses And Petőfi

• Petőfi wants to lead the Hungarians out of captivity into Canaan
• Burning column poet
• Curses those who do not write their poems for the people
• False prophets: Things will never be better for the Hungarians under the Habsburgs Three things are needed to reach Canaan:
• Equality before the law
• Basic abundance
• Cultivation
• The one who leads the people may not receive gratitude for it, but at least they die with a peaceful heart
• Focuses on the collective, active role of poetry in "Poets of the 19th Century"
• Places the personal sacrifice of the revolutionary fighter in the foreground in "One Thought Troubles Me"
• Freedom, as a central value, appears in both poems
• Prophetic Poet: One who leads the people and is a visionary at the same time

Arany János Ballads - Life

• Born in 1817 in Nagyszalonta; Parents: György Arany, Sára Megyeri
• Had 9 siblings, but only he and his oldest sister lived to adulthood
• Arany was shielded from the wind as he was a sickly, physically weak child
• Studied in Nagyszalonta and Debrecen. He drops out and becomes a wandering actor, which his parents find difficult to bear
• Arany sees in a dream that his mother dies -> goes home -> his father goes blind because of his disappointment, his mother dies
• 1840 Marries Júlia Ercsey -> 2 children: Juliska, László
• 1846 Kisfaludy Society announces a competition
  • Submits Toldi -> meets Petőfi
• 1882 Catches a cold at a reading, dies of pneumonia
• A ballad combines epic, lyrical, and dramatic elements, originating in Romanticism
  • Tells a tragic story
  • Uses a fragmented style
  • Often contains omissions, known as balladic obscurity
• The first significant ballads were created in Nagykőrös (Nagykőrös ballads), starting in 1853
  • The second major ballad period was in 1877, when he condensed the creations written in the "clasp book" received from Pál Gyulai titled Őszikék

Ballads Can Be Classified By:

• Structure
  • Single-voice (1 survivor, e.g., The Bards of Wales)
  • Multi-voice (e.g., V. László)
  • Circular (e.g., Agnes of Aszni)
• Theme
  • Folk (e.g., Red Revealers)
  • Historical (e.g., Two Pages of Szondi)
  • Urban (e.g., Bridge Consecration)
• Agnes of Aszni: A Psychological Ballad

Agnes Of Aszni - Plot

• The struggle between the conscience and madness is in the center
• Agnes tries to wash the bloody sheet, which the villagers notice
• Then the policemen come, who take her to prison. At her trial, she starts to go mad, it turns out that she murdered her husband with her lover.
• She can only keep a few rays of light in her cell and that saves her from the complete madness there.
• They let her go home, because she does nothing else, just washes and washes. This symbolizes the mental state of Agnes, whose washing has become an obsession. The year has passed over her, she has become wrinkled, and only a rag has remained from the sheet. She cannot face her sin.
• Divisible into 3 Parts; the Sensation (We Don't Know Yet Exactly What Happened)
• the Process of Losing One's Mind
• and the Return
• 3 Pillar Verse (Verses of Madness) 1,20,26
• First anger, then regret, finally pity for Agnes
• Refrain: Agnes Asks God for Aid
• Ady Endre's Godly Verses:
• Life
• 1877 - Érdmindszent
• 1919 – Budapest
• Attends elementary school in Érdmindszentre
• Attends secondary school in Nagykároly and Zilah
• Studies law in Debrecen, but does not finish it*
• 1903 Meets Ödön Diósy and Adél Brüll (Léda) Who Is Married And 5 Years Older Than Ady
• 1908 Joins The West
• Rejects the War (Was a Pacifist)
• 1915 Meets Berta Boncza (Csinszka)
• Was a Reformist in Principle, but Did Not Practice His Faith
• Did Not Go to Church Services

Ady's Beliefs

• Wanted a Special, Intimate Relationship with God
• God's Existence Was Not Important to Ady
• Seeks support
• Many Considered Him Ungodly and Immoral
• Contradiction: Yearned for Religiosity, but Because Modern People Are Agnostic, He Did Not Need God
• Familiar With The Psalms Of The Bible

1909: "On Elijah's Chariot" Is a Volume Of Verse

• Elijah: A biblical person
• Many Considered to be one of Jesus’ predecessors
• Rising to heaven in a chariot of fire when he dies

"At The Foot Of Zion Hill:"

• Written in 1908
• Temple of Solomon on Mount Zion
• Genre: Godly Verse: Genre Whose Subject Is God, Deep, With Religious Content
• Analysis
  • God is old and scattered
  • Time: autumn, cold symbol of passing
  • The Strength and Sincere, Intimate Faith of People Is Starting To Fade
• The Depiction Of God Is Prohibited By Reformists, But He Still Describes How It Looks: Is A Universal Problem The Passing Of Religiosity

Godly Verses About Religion

• Religion is only present at festivals
• The lyrical self appears in the 3rd verse
• Is Cold Because Of Irreligion, Looks For Childhood Religiosity
• Moses passes the Ten Commandments to God on Mount Sinai -> With The Combination Of Zion – Mount Sinai
• Tries to refer to the fact that irreligion is present everywhere on Earth
• God - The lyrical self meet - God is kind and caring

Lyrical I Can't Name God,

• So That There Is Some Kind Of Relationship Between Them
• Modern Man's Problem Is Not Being Able to Establish a Relationship with God
• Both Would Like The Relationship To Come About - It Doesn't Work Out - God Departs, Emptiness Takes Place
• The Arrival Of The Lord:
  • Genre: Godly Verse
  • Theme: God The lyrical self Relationship
  • Differs from other godly verses, Because He Will Also Find God Here, and Will Connect with Him
  • Written in 1809

The Lord Is Found

• Analyzes how the world leaves the lyrical that the lyrical self individual remains, God finds and embraces him
• Recalls the story Of The Prodigal Son
• Unfolding Of God's Appearance
• Appearance Of The Conversion
• Ady's Verses Are Generally About The lyrical A self - but Here It Is Sidelined, God Is The Essence
• After The Meeting His Life Changed - Religion Appeared in His Life
• Time Management: looks back on the past from the present 1910: Book of verses of All Secrets: I Believe Unbelievingly in God:
• The title of the verse is a paradox (I believe ? Unbelievingly) From then on, the God-man relationship will depend on his will
• Genre: Godly Verse
  • There is no time-location: always an ongoing problem, because of the harassment
  • At this time he is already very ill
  • His relationship with Léda is very broken down The war in Europe is preparing

God Is Sought

• Analyzing why he wants to find God as soon as possible
• He wants to find it
• He is disappointed
• He complains
• His present state
• In the past he was not short of anything, on the other hand, God was not part of his life
• He feels that everyone is against him and that he is looking for God everywhere
• Beauty, cleanliness, truth, virginity, goodness, probity are to be obtained by using Bible words
• Time and value confronting each other are also used
• The 6th verse is the longest - he desperately wants to find God in it - but because of the trouble with it, he can’t as The new people are problematic

What The Modern Man Has

• Given That The Existence Of God Has Not Been Proven
• Everything is just a matter of faith. Secret: - Can he believe in God?

Themes

• The Self
• Transcendent Appearance of the Trinity In The Verse
• The Speaker Questions Is Own Religiosity
• His Main Aim Is To Find God If Life Is Good - No One Needs Religion
• But If Everything Else Is Bad - The Listener Seek Refuge In Religion This Text Considers: - How Could a Modern Human Believe in Things That Cannot Be Seen

Babits Mihály: Jónás Book

• Life
  • 1883 – Szekszárd
  • 1941 - Budapest
  • Born into an intellectual family, father: judge, mother: writer
  • Attended high school in Pécs → will be decisive in his poetry in Transdanubia
  • Attended Pázmány for Hungarian-French studies
  • Attended László Négyessy's style exercise seminar → there he met Dezső Kosztolányi, Gyula Juhász and Árpád Tóth
  • Wanted to be a philosopher → doesn't work out → becomes a high school teacher → Nevertheless, all his works will have deep, philosophical contents
  • Taught in Baja, Szeged, Fogaras
  • 1908 – His works were included in the anthology entitled Holna
  • 1919 – First volume: Letters from Iris's wreath
  • In the 1910s he goes back to Pest, because he misses it
  • 1914-anti-war, pacifist
  • 1919-becomes a university teacher
  • 1921-marries Ilona Tanner (Writer, under the pseudonym Török Sophie)
  • They will have a summer house in Esztergom → Hand-signed house (whoever went there, signed the wall)
  • 1929-41: Editor-in-chief of Nyugat
  • Baumgarten Lifetime Achievement Award: support for young Hungarian writers → he will be the president, he can decide who gets support
  • 1937 - laryngeal cancer → communicates in a speaking notebook
  • After Ady's death, he confuses Csinszka
  • Ilona Tanner was engaged to Szabó Lőrinc (Szabó Lőrinc was Babits's student and roommate) → steals the woman from Szabó Lőrinc's hand
  • Poet, Writer, Playwright, Translator
    • Dante: Divine Plays -> He translates it
  • Epic works, e.g.: The Stork Caliph (1913), Island and sea (1925)
  • 3 kinds of poets exist:

Three Types Of Poets:

• Homo Politicus Uses Poetry To Shed Light On Political and Societal problems, Ady Endre
• Homo Moralis Calls Attention To Ethical Norms, Babits Mihály
• Homo Aestheticus: Not Interested in the World, Only in Poetry, Kosztolányi

Miskáth Kálmán: Beszterce Siege - Life

• Born in Szlabonya in1847
• Died in Budapest in 1910
• One of the most read writer next to Jókai m.
• Studies law in Pest, but drops it
• His wife is Mauks Ilona from 1873, one child, died, they divorce, then get back together in 1882
• Moves to Pest in 1880
• Member of PTA and Kisfaludy Organization Romantic, realistic, modern everything occurs at once in his work
• Writes about gentry
• Beszterce siege:
  • Genre: Novel • Written in 1894
  • Gentry has 2 types : • cannot settle in the modern side • incompetent in labor
  • Location: next to Zsolna, Nedeci chateau
  • Scene set in the 1870’s
• Main Characters: ■ Pongrácz, nedeci castle lord, is living per the previous system of the gentry. For example: organizing knightly tournaments •Talál magánek egy asszonyt, Donna Esztellát, aki egy vándorcirkusz megveszi 600 Ft-ért

Behenczi Károly An Indifferent To Labor Gentri:

• The father drove him away
• Gets a bite of nedeci chateau
• Behenczi feels in love with Esztella
• Steals Eszetella
• Escapes to Beszterce
• Pongrácz wages war onto Eszterlá
• New plot: •One medic dies, he has a daughter Trnowszky Kapolka

New Characters

•Péter and Gáspár is responsible for her, but hate each other and get to a responsibility with Gáspár

• Apolka is sent to Zsolna to the solicitor, Klivényi József
• No one will care for her, her faith will be bleak
• Those who are competent keep trying to teach Apolka
• The wealthy are coming to fall in love with her

• Gáspár son: Trnowszky ■ He send her away to Klivéyi ■ Apolka tries to kill herself

The Character Plot

The main character decides not to commit suicide The main person and other members stop it Meanwhile Nedci keeps pestering him for a war and gets ahold a of Apolka and gives it to the leaders instead of his love • Starts naming, his guardian is an advocate Tarnóczy Emil (magyarosított névvel Trnowszky Miroszláv) • The love ignites again • Connect together • Pongrácz in fear he will lose Apolka starts to go insane

Further Plots

• Emil bought Estell • Emil and apolka get married

Themes

• Characters: Less of psychology is used by the characters with few anecdotes
• The main character often get to see the same old stories

Jokai Mor Short Stories - Life

• Born in Komárom in 1825
• Died in Budapest in 1904
• Original Name: Jókay Móric - Magyarizes it by '48 1841-42
• Studies in the Papal College
• Meets Petofi
• 1842
• Studies at the University
• A founding member of the tens Wrote and read 12 points
• Recognizes laborfalvy Rózát at the Bánk bán
• A member of kysfalusi organization, and PTA
• Exchange friendly letters with Victor Hugo

Jokai The Short Story Writer

• A Short story; One flowing path, short stories, limited number of characters
• Used two methods within the stories; He writes his historical short stories for 2 reasons: • Hungarian mythology creation (fairies mythical characters) • Glorify the magyar past

Tengerszem A Fairy Tail Short Story

• Wrote in 1854 while visiting Anna Saint lake • Analyze: •A quiet, deserted landscape •Holy Anna •The fairy king lives there with •A man is building a holy location

Plot

■Thiefs steel from another and place the construction site ■ The king is jealous -The fairies usually act contrary but this turns out to be positive -Turns to a pastor in the kingdom and the one who gets the money builds a bell -> New bell cannot work -Isteni Közbeavatkozás -> God decides a central point is Mary and shows where to build her central bell

Summary

-The villiage will try to use it but they drown-

• One person gets back with the Kings daughter,
• Gets marred, bears and have joyful lives- There comes a century to the king -People are dying • The kid will tell the other not to give into the fairy land -Kings are coming together and are close
• The son turns to the mother for advice to make the world brighter
• Mother, family are central A Huszt's visiting patient: • in 1860 written • writes of the conflicts between the Austrian leader and people around him • Analyze:

Short Story Themes

• The sick Austrian General has sickness • The bad leader • The leader heals people but sends the people to the war • Tallóczy úr’s sends medicine back for soldiers so it goes well

Short Story Theme's

• the leader kills all who are with Austrian leader , Labancok
• The town gets taken over without a war

Short Story Main Character

Folklore motif: Kuruc leader: sly clever moral bad and good for the poor and smart Leader of the world. Labanc leader: wealthy smart and evil and weak

Characteristics For Vörösmarty Mihály: Szózat

• 1800 – Pusztanyék
• 1855 - Pest
• Started in Székesfehérvár in cisterci, graduated in pest-like student, nevelö volt
• 1822 Görbön passes his law practice, meet the Hapsburg ellenes mozgalmakat
• Ha hazfias with serelmi csalodasok, in a Zalán futása film, eposzt
• 1824 leteszi lawyer vizsgait
• 1830 MTA member, romantikus triász tagja lesz: Bajza, Toldy Ferenc, Vörösmarty Mihály
• 1832-36 országgyűlés: •Habsburg the world, because the magyarok függetlenedni, akarrak. •Vörösmarty the world, if you can irtni, a magyarok felemelése miatt irt 1843: Egressy Béni megzenésíti 1830-31: Csongor and Tünde