Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of Simple Random Sampling?
What is the primary characteristic of Simple Random Sampling?
- Only specific subgroups are sampled.
- Every member of the population does not have a chance to be selected.
- Every sample of size n has the same chance of being selected. (correct)
- It requires a complex selection process.
Which sampling method partitions the population into homogeneous groups before sampling?
Which sampling method partitions the population into homogeneous groups before sampling?
- Cluster Sampling
- Multistage Sampling
- Systematic Sampling
- Stratified Random Sampling (correct)
Which of the following methods is considered the most basic form of sampling?
Which of the following methods is considered the most basic form of sampling?
- Systematic Sampling
- Cluster Sampling
- Stratified Random Sampling
- Simple Random Sampling (correct)
What is a significant challenge when using Simple Random Sampling in practice?
What is a significant challenge when using Simple Random Sampling in practice?
Which sampling method allows selection from different groups or stages in the population?
Which sampling method allows selection from different groups or stages in the population?
In which sampling method do the selected samples include entire groups instead of individuals?
In which sampling method do the selected samples include entire groups instead of individuals?
What is an advantage of Stratified Random Sampling compared to Simple Random Sampling?
What is an advantage of Stratified Random Sampling compared to Simple Random Sampling?
What is a key aspect of Systematic Sampling?
What is a key aspect of Systematic Sampling?
What is a primary benefit of using stratified random sampling compared to simple random sampling?
What is a primary benefit of using stratified random sampling compared to simple random sampling?
Cluster sampling is often considered to be which of the following compared to stratified sampling?
Cluster sampling is often considered to be which of the following compared to stratified sampling?
In systematic sampling, how is the starting point for selection determined?
In systematic sampling, how is the starting point for selection determined?
What characterizes multistage sampling?
What characterizes multistage sampling?
Which of the following statements accurately describes cluster sampling?
Which of the following statements accurately describes cluster sampling?
What is a disadvantage of systematic sampling?
What is a disadvantage of systematic sampling?
How does stratified random sampling differ from cluster sampling?
How does stratified random sampling differ from cluster sampling?
Which method allows for flexibility in sampling different strata independently?
Which method allows for flexibility in sampling different strata independently?
What is a characteristic of cluster sampling?
What is a characteristic of cluster sampling?
Which sampling method involves selecting individuals at regular intervals from an ordered list?
Which sampling method involves selecting individuals at regular intervals from an ordered list?
What is a significant drawback of non-random sampling methods?
What is a significant drawback of non-random sampling methods?
Which of the following is true about voluntary response sampling?
Which of the following is true about voluntary response sampling?
What is the purpose of stratified random sampling?
What is the purpose of stratified random sampling?
What can undercoverage lead to in survey results?
What can undercoverage lead to in survey results?
Which sampling method involves using multiple techniques at different stages?
Which sampling method involves using multiple techniques at different stages?
What could voluntary response bias potentially invalidate?
What could voluntary response bias potentially invalidate?
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Study Notes
Sampling Methods
- Simple Random Sampling (SRS): All samples of size n have an equal chance of being selected. Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being included. Difficult to perform in practice due to needing a complete sampling frame.
- Stratified Random Sampling: Population is divided into homogeneous groups called strata. Then, a simple random sample is taken from each stratum. Ensures representation of specific demographic groups.
- Cluster Sampling: Population is divided into groups called clusters. A simple random sample of clusters is selected. A census is then conducted on each selected cluster. May be less precise than stratified or simple random sampling, but more practical, convenient, and less costly.
- Systematic Sampling: Individuals are selected systematically from a sampling frame. For example, selecting every 5th individual on an alphabetical list. Similar to SRS if there is no relationship between the order of the list and the variable of interest. Less costly and easier to carry out than SRS.
- Multistage Sampling: Involves multiple stages of random sampling. Different sampling methods may be used at each stage: this could involve a cluster sample, then a stratified sample, and finally a simple random sample within those strata.
Sampling Frame
- A list of individuals or items in the population of interest. A sample is taken by selecting items from the list. Items not on the list have no chance of being selected.
Non-Random Sampling:
- Non-random sampling methods lead to biased results and cannot be used to make inferences about a population.
- Voluntary Response Sample: Individuals decide on their own whether to participate. Often leads to biased results as individuals with strong opinions are more likely to respond, making the sample unrepresentative.
- Convenience Sample: Individuals who are easy to reach are selected. For example, surveying people in a shopping mall. Likely not representative of the population.
Bias
- Voluntary Response Bias: Occurs when individuals are allowed to self-select for participation in a survey. This type of bias invalidates survey results.
- Undercoverage: Occurs when there is a lack of representation in the sample for certain segments of the population. Excluded individuals may have different characteristics than the rest of the population.
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