Salivary Gland Diseases

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the abnormal decrease in saliva production, which can have grave consequences if chronic?

Xerostomia

What are the normal salivary gland flow rates?

1-2 ml/min

Mention three oral manifestations of Xerostomia.

Reduced salivary secretions, severe dental caries and periodontal diseases, and atrophied ulcerated mucosa and fissured tongue

List the causes of Xerostomia, excluding psychogenic causes.

Sjogren's syndrome, Irradiation, Dehydration, and Drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant tumor that arises from the salivary gland epithelial cells?

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the epithelial cells of the salivary gland?

Pleomorphic adenoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of developmental disorders of the salivary gland?

Aplasia, atresia, and aberrancy Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of mumps according to the text?

Fever and malaise, with enlargement of one of the parotid glands followed by enlargement of the other one within 2-3 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the incubation period of mumps according to the text?

2-3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible complications of mumps according to the text?

Orchitis in males, oophoritis and/or mastitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and CNS affection including meningitis and encephalitis Signup and view all the answers

How are mumps usually treated according to the text?

Supportively with analgesics, antipyretics, plenty of fluids, and soft diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for mumps according to the text?

The disease is self-limiting after 2-3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical characteristic of sialolithiasis as described in the text?

Calcific bodies that occur in the duct of major salivary glands, with rare effect on minor salivary glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of acute suppurative parotitis?

Acute suppurative inflammation of the parotid gland, often related to dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

What are the predisposing factors for acute suppurative parotitis?

Xerostomia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of infection for acute suppurative parotitis?

Ascending via duct and rarely blood-borne. Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of acute suppurative parotitis?

Painful swelling of the affected gland with uplifting of the ear lobe, red, shiny, and tense overlying skin, and in severe cases, edema and difficulty in opening the mouth, and purulent discharge or pus from the affected duct. Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative organism of mumps (epidemic parotitis)?

Mumps rubulavirus (paramyxovirus) (RNA virus). Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of one attack of mumps (epidemic parotitis)?

Permanent immunity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Salivary Gland Disorders

Difficulty in speech, swallowing, and mastication can be managed by removing the cause, frequent small sips of water, artificial saliva, sugar-free gum, maintaining good oral hygiene, chlorohexidine rinse, caries control, and monitoring candidiasis.

Infections of Salivary Glands

Bacterial infection: Acute suppurative parotitis
- Definition: Acute suppurative inflammation of the parotid gland often related to dehydration
- Causative organisms: Staphylococci, Streptococci, Pneumococci
- Predisposing factor: Xerostomia
- Mode of infection: Ascending via duct and rarely blood-borne
- Clinical features: Painful swelling of the affected gland, uplifting of the ear lobe, red, shiny, and tense overlying skin
- Histopathology: Accumulation of neutrophils within the ductal system and acini
Viral infection: Mumps (Epidemic parotitis)
- Definition: Acute highly contagious viral infection of the parotid
- Causative organism: Mumps rubulavirus (Paramyxovirus) (RNA virus)
- Mode of infection: Droplet infection or via blood (viremia)
- One attack produces permanent immunity
- Clinical features: Fever, malaise, painful swelling of the affected gland, uplifting of the ear lobe, red, shiny, and tense overlying skin
- Complications: Orchitis, Oophoritis, Mastitis, Hepatitis, Pancreatitis, CNS affection

Salivary Gland Diseases

Functional disorders: Xerostomia, Ptyalism
Developmental disorders: Aplasia, Atresia, Aberrancy
Infection: Bacterial, Viral
Obstructive diseases: Sialolithiasis
Cysts: Mucous retention cyst, Mucous extravasation cyst, Ranula
Autoimmune (degenerative) diseases: Sjogren's syndrome
Neoplastic diseases: Parenchymal tumors, Stromal tumors

Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)

Classification: Primary (due to defective gland), Secondary (due to defect outside the gland)
Causes: Sjogren's syndrome, Irradiation, Dehydration, Psychogenic factors, Drugs
Normal salivary gland flow: 1-2 ml/min
Oral manifestations: Reduced salivary secretions, foamy or thick and "ropey" saliva, severe dental caries, periodontal diseases, atrophied ulcerated mucosa, fissured tongue, superimposed infection

Sialolithiasis (Sialotith, Salivary Calculus)

Definition: Calcific bodies that occur in the duct of major salivary glands, rarely affecting minor salivary glands
Pathogenesis: Calcification occurs around a nidus of debris within the duct lumen
Clinical features: Tender enlargement of gland, duct becomes visible in the floor of the mouth
Age: Adult
Site: Submandibular gland > Sublingual gland > Parotid gland
X-ray: Radio opaque mass

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Description

This quiz covers the different types of salivary gland diseases, including functional, developmental, infectious, obstructive, cystic, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders. Test your knowledge of these important oral pathology concepts. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and characteristics of each disease.