Safety Procedures in Railway Operations
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Questions and Answers

What gas is produced when sulfur reacts with hydrocarbons at high temperatures?

  • Methane (CH4)
  • Hydrogensulfide (H2S) (correct)
  • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  • Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

    • What type of materials does this reaction involve?

  • Flammable solids
  • Oils and fats
  • Polymers
  • Hydrocarbons (correct)

    • Under what condition does sulfur react with hydrocarbons to produce H2S?

  • In the presence of oxygen
  • At high temperatures (correct)
  • At low pressures
  • When mixed with water

    • Which of the following best describes the nature of H2S gas?

    <p>Toxic and flammable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding sulfur's reaction with hydrocarbons?

    <p>It releases H2S gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked before getting out from between vehicles?

    <p>Movements on adjacent lines or sidings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common assumption to avoid when checking adjacent lines?

    <p>That it is clear for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should not be taken after coupling/uncoupling?

    <p>Immediately exiting the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of neglecting to check adjacent lines after coupling/uncoupling?

    <p>Potential accidents or injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it essential to check for movements on adjacent lines?

    <p>After coupling or uncoupling operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Shunter say if he is preparing to make a move?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for message length when communicating over the radio?

    <p>Messages should be brief and to the point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is advised against while using the radio?

    <p>Using inappropriate language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can you pass your message to the Shunter?

    <p>After he says yes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the communication protocol outlined?

    <p>To ensure safety and clarity during operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition allows for hand signals to be used for short formation shunting?

    <p>If all parties have a clear understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for short formation shunting by hand signal?

    <p>An available radio communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in using hand signals for shunting operations?

    <p>Ensuring all parties are aware of the method of work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can hand signals be used instead of radio communication?

    <p>As long as a suitable method of work has been agreed upon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does short formation shunting require from all affected parties?

    <p>A mutual understanding and agreement on work methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to operate a switch within the described mechanism?

    <p>Press both buttons of the required switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional information accompanies each pair of switch buttons?

    <p>Identification plate and switch number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when both buttons of the required switch are pressed?

    <p>The switch will operate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding switch operation is true?

    <p>Both buttons must be pressed for operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated on the identification plate attached to each pair of buttons?

    <p>The switch number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Shunter in railway operations?

    <p>Engaged in coupling and uncoupling vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'On or Near the Line'?

    <p>Within 2m of the nearest rail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Not to be Moved Board signify?

    <p>A vehicle must not move under any circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Person in Charge (PIC) responsible for?

    <p>Managing the Yard Shunt Team's activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Radio in shunting operations?

    <p>To enable two-way communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the RSM Zone?

    <p>Area under operational supervision of the RSM supervisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the operator of a locomotive?

    <p>He must ensure safe operations of the locomotive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes wheeled vehicles that run on railway lines?

    <p>Rolling Stock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does propelling refer to in railway operations?

    <p>Pushing vehicles by a traction unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of a Pilot in a train operation?

    <p>Performing specified duties related to train operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done immediately following an accident or incident on-site?

    <p>Inform the Terminal Master or representative after ensuring safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment is essential to carry while on duty as part of personal preparation?

    <p>A notebook and pen for note-taking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key sign of drowsiness that should be reported to a supervisor?

    <p>Frequent yawning and wandering thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precautions should be taken to remain safe in hot climates?

    <p>Apply SPF 30 sunscreen and reapply every 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of operational supervision, what actions should be taken if you feel fatigued during work?

    <p>Inform your manager if you cannot handle drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-technical skill is essential for a driver to effectively observe an approaching signal?

    <p>Overall awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a shunter do if they are unsure whether the route is set correctly?

    <p>Check the route again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions helps a driver reduce the risk of a SPAD when approaching a signal?

    <p>Anticipation of risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of effective communication used by shunters?

    <p>To confirm understanding of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the systematic approach that a shunter should employ?

    <p>Being thorough and methodical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a driver prioritize their tasks when near a signal?

    <p>Observing the signal above any personal needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial aspect should a shunter maintain while issuing instructions to a driver?

    <p>Clarity and confirmation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor for a driver when assessing risks at a signal?

    <p>Using specific route knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of following rules and procedures for a shunter?

    <p>They ensure safety and consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to enhance overall awareness during shunting operations?

    <p>Take a comprehensive look at the overall environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a non-technical skill when undertaking a shunt around the yard?

    <p>Checking and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the action model, which step follows observing an event?

    <p>Understanding the significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of non-technical skills?

    <p>To enhance understanding of potential risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these actions is crucial before making a decision to act in a safety-critical task?

    <p>Observe the surrounding environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would NOT be considered a part of underpinning knowledge for a shunting operation?

    <p>Personal experiences of past operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the action model emphasizes understanding knowledge prior to taking any action?

    <p>Understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-technical skills impact error mitigation during operations?

    <p>They provide a framework for decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a driver observes a red signal, what is the first cognitive process that occurs according to the action model?

    <p>Understanding the signal's meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skills complement technical skills in ensuring safety during operations?

    <p>Non-technical skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of understanding in the context of the action model?

    <p>Recognizing a potential hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Operations Control Centre (OCC)?

    <p>Controls all switches on the main line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Local Field Operations Panel (LFOP) allow an operator to do?

    <p>Operate switches locally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a Roll-by Inspection, which of the following should NOT be checked for?

    <p>Movement of adjacent trains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the Local Traffic Control (LTC) at an unmanned location?

    <p>Control one siding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should ground staff report immediately when performing checks?

    <p>Any mechanical failures or leaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the pre-departure checklist?

    <p>To verify the proper functioning of train components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'manifold' refer to in railway operations?

    <p>A mechanism for air distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is involved in checking for excessive heat during the Roll-by Inspection?

    <p>Springs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The switch can be operated from the LFOP during an obstruction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Not to be Moved Board indicates that the vehicle must move under certain circumstances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Disconnection Ring and Crank Handle are necessary for manual operation of the switch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Being on or near the line means standing more than 2m away from the nearest rail.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The READY button must be pressed for 5-10 seconds to return control of the LFOP.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clearing loose sand is essential before removing the cover of the winding gear.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Operator is the person responsible for the performance of specified duties on a train.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both buttons for the switch need to be pressed again after clearing an obstruction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Shunter is an employee engaged in the coupling and uncoupling of vehicles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rolling Stock refers only to self-propelled wheeled vehicles like locomotives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pilot is responsible for the general management of the railway yard.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The RSM Zone is the area under operational supervision of the RSM supervisor or foreman.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propelling in railway operations means pulling vehicles away from a traction unit.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overall awareness is crucial for a driver to know when a train is approaching a signal.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maintaining concentration is not important for a driver when observing signals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shunter should prioritize thoroughness by following a systematic approach during operations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If in doubt, the shunter should ignore the doubts and proceed without checking again.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using good communication skills is vital for a shunter when giving instructions to the driver.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticipating the risk of a red signal can help a driver prevent a SPAD.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shunter should check that switches are unsecured as part of their safety protocol.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prioritizing tasks means that a driver can focus on anything except observing signals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A logical approach helps the shunter ensure that all steps in the method of work are followed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A shunter does not need to worry about overall awareness during their operations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The handbrake status does not need to be verified if the wagon is in motion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The procedure for isolating wagon brakes is the same for all bulk cargo wagons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Point clamps are used to release the switch blade from the stock rail.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before isolating the brakes, it is necessary to consult the RSM.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cut-Out Cock must be rotated to the open position to release the brakes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is important to check that the brake blocks are touching the wheels to verify brake release.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hand wheel must be rotated clockwise to prepare the point clamp.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A roll-by examination should be performed to check for damaged brake chains.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All inspections of the handbrake's condition should include checking the tension on the handbrake chain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To verify brake release, it is sufficient to visually check the piston travel indicator.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The clamp should be positioned approximately 50 cm from the end of the switch blade.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All three bolts must be tightly secured during the bearing inspection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The locking tabs should be folded down to prevent the bolts from loosening.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inspecting for signs of burnt paint can be an indication of extreme heating.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To lock the clamp, the locking bar should be slid through one of the holes in the clamp.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is unnecessary to check both bearings during the pre-departure inspection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sliding the locking bar into the hand wheel ensures that the clamp is not secure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signs of a bearing collapse can be identified by comparing it to the adjacent bearing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A leakage of grease is an acceptable sign during the bearing inspection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The clamp must be tightened by turning the hand wheel counterclockwise.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hazardous materials with their corresponding UN Numbers and placards:

    <p>Molten Sulfur = 2448 - Flammable Solid Phosphoric Acid = 1805 - Corrosive Flammable Solid = 2448 - Molten Sulfur Corrosive = 1805 - Phosphoric Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the adverse symptoms to the corresponding substance:

    <p>Molten Sulfur = Toxic if swallowed Phosphoric Acid = Digestive tract burns including mouth, esophagus, and stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the incident actions with their correct description:

    <p>Stop the train = Consider the type of hazard Switch off the locomotive = Prevent ignition sources Notify OCC = Use the emergency button on GSM-R radio Wear prescribed PPE = Move away from incident site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptoms with the affected body part for Molten Sulfur:

    <p>Ingestion = Toxic if swallowed Inhalation = Respiratory tract irritation Skin = Irritation, redness Eyes = Pain or irritation, watering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the actions in case of an incident with the correct objectives:

    <p>Keep dangerous goods information = Readily available for emergency services Stay up-wind = Avoid fumes and vapors Remove contaminated clothing = To prevent further exposure Avoid sources of ignition = To minimize fire risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following safety measures with their respective required distances:

    <p>Spillage = 100 meters away Fire = 800 meters away Maintain distance from Dangerous Goods = Permission required Approaching incident site = Dangerous Goods specialist's permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following PPE items with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Safety Glasses = With side shields Hard Hat = Head protection Hi-Vis Vest = Increased visibility H2S Monitor = For molten sulfur incidents only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of exposure with their corresponding first aid measures:

    <p>Eye Exposure = Flush eyes with water for 15 minutes Inhalation = Move victim to fresh air Ingestion = Rinse mouth with water Skin Exposure = Flush with water for at least 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following safety protocols with their descriptions:

    <p>Do not approach incident site = Until permission is given Remove contaminated clothing = Integral to skin exposure response Drink plenty of water = Part of ingestion first aid Get medical help immediately = Universal urgency for all exposures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tank wagon inspection items with their details:

    <p>Wagon leaks = Check for leaks from pipes or valves Safety Gear = Essential for inspection Incident Response = Wait for an expert's permission PPE Compliance = Follow prescribed guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of exposure with their corresponding follow-up actions:

    <p>Eye Exposure = Get medical help immediately Ingestion = Do not induce vomiting Skin Exposure = Remove contaminated clothing Inhalation = Give oxygen if breathing is difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the PPE items with their specific risks they address:

    <p>Gloves = Hand protection Safety Boots = Foot safety Long-Sleeved Shirt = Skin protection Safety Glasses = Eye protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following first aid measures with their specific situations:

    <p>Eye flush = For eye exposure Fresh air = For inhalation issues Water rinse = For ingestion problems Contaminated clothing removal = For skin exposure management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following exposure types with their treatment priorities:

    <p>Eye Exposure = Immediate rinse with water Inhalation = Ensure fresh air Skin Exposure = Flush with plenty of water Ingestion = Seek immediate medical help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following personal safety guidelines with their descriptions:

    <p>Ensure clear understanding = Communicate actions with all involved personnel Be aware of limited clearances = Avoid taking unnecessary risks Always keep a good lookout = Stay vigilant and aware of surroundings Prohibited actions = Actions that should not be performed for safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following prohibited actions with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Do not get on or off a moving rail vehicle = Risk of injury from movement Do not ride on any vehicle other than a locomotive = Safety protocol adherence Do not go between vehicles unless certain = Avoiding accidental movement Do not remain between vehicles during movement = Preventing entrapment or injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following safety measures when crossing tracks:

    <p>Stay 7 meters away = Minimize risk of unexpected vehicle movement Use steps and access platform = Ensure safe transit across trains Inform the driver when going in between = Maintain communication for safety Instruct other staff not to move vehicles = Prevent accidental shunting or coupling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions related to safety:

    <p>Yard Master = Supervises safety of operations staff Terminal Team Leader = Responsible for team safety and operations Shunting movements = Operations involving moving rail vehicles Personal Safety Guidelines = Set of protocols for individual safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions with their implications:

    <p>Waiting for vehicles to stop = Ensures safety when going between vehicles Informing driver before entering space = Enhances communication and safety Instructing staff to not move wagons = Protects against accidental movements Using steps to cross tracks = Promotes safe crossing of railways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following risks with their corresponding actions to mitigate them:

    <p>Unexpected movements of stationary vehicles = Stay 7 meters away from them Climbing over couplers = Use steps and access platform instead Entering between vehicles = Only do so after informing the driver Remaining between vehicles during movement = Avoid at all costs to ensure safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following personal safety responsibilities with their designated overseer:

    <p>Safety of Operations Staff = Overseen by Yard Master or Terminal Team Leader Individual Safety Responsibility = Each person is accountable for their own safety Shunting Safety Protocols = Communicated among all personnel involved Crossing Safety Measures = Adopted by all staff during operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following procedures with their correct order:

    <p>Wait until vehicles stop = Before going between vehicles Inform the driver = Before entering between vehicles Use steps and access platform = When crossing tracks Instruct other staff = Before moving wagons or locomotive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following safety protocols with their importance:

    <p>Do not go between moving vehicles = Prevents serious accidents Always keep lookout = Critical for personal safety Do not ride on non-locomotive vehicles = Ensures compliance with safety rules Inform other staff about movements = Helps to maintain a safe environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following personal safety actions with their primary focus:

    <p>Clear understanding of actions = Enhances team communication Keeping a lookout = Prevents accidents and injuries Informing about going between = Promotes safety through awareness Staying away from vehicle movements = Reduces risk of being hit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions in the context of fatigue management:

    <p>Fatigue = A state of mental or physical weariness caused by prolonged exertion Drowsiness = A feeling of being sleepy or lethargic Insufficient sleep = Sleeping less than the recommended amount for optimal performance Shift workers = Individuals who work outside the traditional 9-5 schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following recommendations for better sleep with their purposes:

    <p>Use blackout curtains = Block light during sleep Avoid caffeine = Prevent disturbances in sleep quality Plan meals = Ensure hunger does not disrupt sleep Limit screen time = Reduce alertness before bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statistics with their implications regarding rail worker fatigue:

    <p>21% = The percentage of high-risk incidents linked to fatigue 40% = The percentage of workers getting six hours or less of sleep on day shifts 60% = The percentage of workers getting six hours or less of sleep on night shifts 11% = The percentage of shift workers who have been awake for 18-24 hours in the past week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following consequences of fatigue with their descriptions:

    <p>Impaired performance = A decrease in effectiveness similar to drinking and driving Long periods of wakefulness = Increased risk of accidents due to lack of focus Poor sleep quality = Resulting in difficulties in cognitive tasks Risk of accidents = Higher likelihood of incidents occurring in the workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to sleep with their characteristics:

    <p>Sleep duration = The total amount of sleep per 24 hours Sleep quality = The effectiveness and restorative nature of sleep Sleep hygiene = Practices that promote healthy sleep patterns Circadian rhythms = The natural sleep-wake cycle of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following phrases with their relevant guidelines for avoiding fatigue:

    <p>Avoid bright light = Prepares the body for restful sleep Eat light meals = Improves comfort and promotes better sleep Adequate hydration = Maintains optimal body function and alertness Routine sleep schedule = Helps establish regular sleep patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following habits with their negative impacts on sleep:

    <p>Consuming caffeine late = Can lead to difficulty falling asleep Watching screens before bed = Interferes with the body's ability to unwind Eating heavy meals before sleep = May cause discomfort and restlessness Late-night exercise = Can elevate heart rate and hinder quality sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statistics relating to rail workers' sleep with their significance:

    <p>6 hours or less = Associated with impaired performance in safety-critical tasks 18-24 hours awake = Equates to the impairment level of drink-driving 40% of workers = Indicates a significant number of employees may be fatigued 60% when working nights = Highlights greater risk during non-traditional shifts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following non-technical skills (NTS) with their descriptions for a train driver:

    <p>Overall awareness = Knowing the train is approaching a signal Maintain concentration = Focusing to observe the signal correctly Anticipation of risk = Recognizing a potential red signal aspect Prioritising = Focusing on observing the signal instead of distractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following non-technical skills (NTS) with their applications for a shunter:

    <p>Systematic and thorough approach = Ensuring no steps in the method are missed Follows rules and procedures = Complying with training protocols Checking = Verifying the route is set and switches secured Communication = Ensuring messages are clearly understood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions to their associated NTS for a driver:

    <p>Maintaining concentration = Observation of signals without distraction Prioritising = Focusing on safety over personal needs Anticipating risk = Preparing to react to potential dangers Overall awareness = Understanding the broader operational environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions of a shunter with their purposes:

    <p>Checking routes = To ensure safety of movements Using communication skills = To issue clear instructions Taking a step back = To assess the situation holistically Following procedures = To operate according to operational rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions with the correct non-technical skill for a driver or shunter:

    <p>Observational focus = Essential for maintaining concentration Route verification = A critical task in systematic approach Anticipating train movement = Key to overall awareness Message clarity = Fundamental for effective communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following NTS with their significance in train operations:

    <p>Prioritising safety = Avoiding distractions that could lead to accidents Checking procedures = Preventing mistakes during complex tasks Overall situational awareness = Enhancing decision-making effectiveness Maintaining clear communication = Reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions to the relevant NTS for improving train operation safety:

    <p>Double-checking routes = Ensures safety of movements Issuing clear instructions = Prevents miscommunication Observing surroundings = Supports overall awareness Keeping focus on tasks = Enhances concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following skills of a shunter with their execution methods:

    <p>Systematic approach = Using a checklist to ensure task completion Effective communication = Using repeat-back techniques Checking routes = Physically confirming switch positions Following procedures = Adhering to established protocols during operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions of a driver's actions with their associated NTS:

    <p>Quickly reacting to signals = Demonstrates anticipation of risk Staying alert while driving = Shows maintain concentration Actively looking for signals = Represents overall awareness Setting priorities during operations = Ensures safety is the main focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Always carry your company ______ and necessary equipment.

    <p>ID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Use designated ______: Stick to authorized Safe Walking Routes as published locally.

    <p>routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Your Responsibility: Ensure the safety of yourself, protect company and public ______.

    <p>property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do not assume any ______ is too small to report.

    <p>injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Precautions in hot climates: Drink plenty of ______ to stay hydrated.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maintain and carry these ______ while on duty: Site method of work or local working instructions.

    <p>documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temporary steps to increase alertness: Inform your Manager/Supervisor if you can't handle ______.

    <p>drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Never place your hand in machinery that is not ______ down and secured.

    <p>shut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Position the clamp approximately ______ cm from the end of the blade.

    <p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the pre-departure inspection, it is important to check both ______.

    <p>bearings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The locking tabs should be folded up to stop the ______ from coming undone.

    <p>bolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are there signs of leaking ______?

    <p>grease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Look for signs of burnt paint as a result of extreme ______.

    <p>heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The safety of operations staff is overseen by the ______ or terminal team leader.

    <p>Yard Master</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Always keep a good ______ while working with moving rail vehicles.

    <p>lookout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do not get on or off a moving ______ vehicle.

    <p>rail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When crossing tracks, stay ______ meters away from any stationary vehicles.

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inform the driver you are 'going in ______'.

    <p>between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Instruct other staff not to move ______ or the locomotive until you are clear.

    <p>wagons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Always wait until the vehicles have ______ completely before going between them.

    <p>stopped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do not remain ______ vehicles during any movement.

    <p>between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do not climb over or under the ______ when crossing from one side of a train to another.

    <p>coupler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Personal safety guidelines emphasize understanding current and intended ______ with all personnel involved.

    <p>actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communicate with all involved parties to establish who will control the ______.

    <p>movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check all ______ for proper fitting and blade damage.

    <p>switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ensure trailing switches are correctly set for the direction of ______.

    <p>travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Check for scotches or debris ______ the track.

    <p>fouling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communicate with others in the yard to understand all ______.

    <p>movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do not leave ______ foul of switches; ensure they are clear.

    <p>wagons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do not operate an LFOP unless ______ and authorized.

    <p>trained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Verify that vehicles stabled over switches have not been ______.

    <p>moved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comply with speed ______ to reduce derailment risk.

    <p>restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keep a lookout for any ______ left on the line.

    <p>obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Always use approved communication methods such as ______, radio, and hand signals.

    <p>phone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the person doesn't repeat your message back, then ask them to ______ what you have said!

    <p>repeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When trying to spell out names and locations, ensure you use the ______ alphabet.

    <p>phonetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Never use the words ‘not clear’ to describe a line which is obstructed. Always use the term ‘line ______’.

    <p>blocked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Repeat back any received message to confirm ______.

    <p>understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ensure you say numbers one at a time such as ‘one, two’ rather than ______.

    <p>twelve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you do not understand what the message means, then you MUST ask for them to ______ what they are saying.

    <p>clarify</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do not allow train movement unless instructions are fully ______ by both parties.

    <p>understood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communication should be clear to prevent ______, especially when establishing locations.

    <p>misunderstandings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You should feel empowered to ask questions if you're unsure about what you're being ______ to do.

    <p>asked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a Shunter or Pilot do before operating a switch?

    <p>Get control of the LFOP released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The switch operation will activate if both buttons are pressed for more than 10 seconds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a Shunter say when requesting to release the LFOP?

    <p>Name, Yard Shunter or Pilot, location, and the LFOP needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Switch buttons will light up once the LFOP is ________ to the Shunter.

    <p>released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following switch operating times with their corresponding actions:

    <p>1 to 5 seconds = Switch will operate 5 to 10 seconds = No action, switch will not operate More than 10 seconds = System will lock out Approximately 3 seconds = Ideal duration for operating switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the coupling sequence?

    <p>Prepare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ICC should be handled without ensuring that train-line power is off.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you inform the driver before going in between vehicles?

    <p>Going in between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To connect air pipes, you first connect the ______.

    <p>Door Air Pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the step in the uncoupling sequence with its description:

    <p>Prepare = Ensure vehicles are completely stopped. Disconnect = Close the air cocks and disconnect the ICC. Secure = Apply handbrakes to stabled vehicles. Release = Pull the coupling release lever and instruct the driver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken after disconnecting the ICC?

    <p>Apply handbrakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The locking pin should not be disengaged before coupling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of equalizing pressure during coupling?

    <p>To ensure proper connection and functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before instructing the driver to move during coupling, you should ______ the coupler.

    <p>prepare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the locking pin is tight after pulling the coupling release lever?

    <p>Ask the driver to ease up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the Not to be Moved Board?

    <p>The vehicle must not move under any circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area called Operational Railways does not include the area called On or Near the Line.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the Person in Charge (PIC)?

    <p>To ensure a safe system of work is in operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is responsible for coupling and uncoupling vehicles.

    <p>Shunter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Operator = Person in charge of a Locomotive or Track mobile Pilot = Employee responsible for train operation and safety Propelling = Pushing vehicles by a traction unit Rolling Stock = Wheeled vehicles on railway lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'On or Near the Line' refer to?

    <p>Areas that are less than 2m from the nearest rail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radio communication is mainly for one-way communication among ground staff.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for the performance of certain specified duties on a train?

    <p>Pilot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the clamp be positioned on the switch blade?

    <p>Approximately 25 cm from the end of the blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is important to check both bearings during a pre-departure inspection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected for signs of damage during a bearing inspection?

    <p>End caps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of dangerous goods does Molten Sulfur belong to?

    <p>Class 4.1: Flammable Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The locking tabs should be folded up to stop the bolts from coming ___.

    <p>undone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphoric Acid is classified as a flammable liquid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following inspection items with what to look for:

    <p>Bearing collapse = Does it look the same as the one next to it? End caps = Are there holes or cracks? Bolts = Are they all done up tightly? Locking plate = Is it in place?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should you take after securing the clamp?

    <p>Slide the locking bar through one of the holes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hazard does Phosphoric Acid pose when it reacts with metals?

    <p>It forms flammable hydrogen gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burnt paint on bearings indicates normal operation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When transported, goods must display a ______ indicating the dangerous goods contained.

    <p>UN Number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hazardous materials with their hazard classification:

    <p>Molten Sulfur = Class 4.1 Phosphoric Acid = Class 8 Gases = Class 2 Explosives = Class 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the clamp be secured after it is tightened?

    <p>With a padlock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before departure, one should look for signs of leaking ___.

    <p>grease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction hazard associated with Molten Sulfur?

    <p>Gives off Hydrogen Sulfide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hazard placards are only necessary for Class 1 materials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key focus areas during the pre-departure inspection?

    <p>Inspecting for bearing collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature can Molten Sulfur reach when transported?

    <p>150°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hazard class for Radioactive Material is ______.

    <p>Class 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following items is classified under Class 9?

    <p>Miscellaneous Items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hand Signals

    • Hand signals are permitted when a radio is unavailable for short formation shunting.
    • A clear understanding and a suitable method of work must be agreed upon by all parties involved.
    • The Shunter will say "no" if they are about to make a move, and "yes" if they are not.
    • Messages should be brief and to the point.
    • After coupling/uncoupling and before getting out from between vehicles, ensure that no movements will occur on adjacent lines or sidings.

    Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) Gas

    • At high temperatures, Sulfur reacts with hydrocarbons (such as diesel) to produce Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) gas.
    • Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is a flammable gas.

    Switch Button Operation

    • Each pair of switch buttons has an identification plate and the switch number printed on the buttons.
    • To operate the switch, press BOTH buttons of the required switch.
    • The switch will operate for the duration of the button press.

    Non-technical Skills (NTS)

    • Non-technical skills (NTS) are important for ensuring safety in rail operations.
    • Technical skills describe what you need to do and what you need to know for a given safety critical task.
    • Non-technical skills describe how to do the task.
    • They complement technical skills and underpinning knowledge.
    • They help you understand your approach to tasks, the risk and errors that can occur, and how your approach can be enhanced to mitigate against risk and errors.

    NTS Categories

    • Situation awareness
    • Decision-making
    • Communication
    • Teamwork
    • Leadership
    • Stress management
    • Error management
    • Fatigue management

    Action Model

    • Tasks or actions typically follow a general pattern of observing, understanding, deciding what to do, and picking an action.
    • The action model includes:
      • Observe (knowledge)
      • Understand
      • Decide
      • Act

    Not to be Moved Board

    • A sign indicates that the vehicle cannot be moved under any circumstances.
    • Only the person who placed the board can remove it.

    On or Near the Line

    • You are 'on or near the line' if you are within 2m of the nearest rail of the railway line.

    Operational Railway

    • The term 'Operational Railways' includes the area called 'on the lineside' and the area called 'On or Near the Line'.

    Operator

    • The person in charge of a Locomotive or Track Mobile.

    Person in Charge

    • The person responsible for rail activities and ensuring a safe system of work is in operation.
    • They are responsible for the Yard Shunt Team’s activities.

    Pilot

    • The employee on duty on a train, responsible for performing certain specified duties relating to the safe and efficient working of that train.

    Propelling

    • Pushing vehicles by a traction unit.

    Radio

    • A (hand-held) radio handset permitting two-way communication.

    Rolling Stock

    • Wheeled vehicles that run on railway lines that are either self-propelled (i.e. a locomotive) or vehicles that require attaching to a self-propelled vehicle (i.e. a wagon) to enable them to be moved.

    RSM Zone

    • The area which falls under the operational supervision of the RSM supervisor or foreman.

    Shunter

    • The employee engaged in coupling and uncoupling vehicles.
    • The person who moves trains or vehicles within prescribed limits.
    • The person in control of a specific shunting movement.

    Overall Awareness

    • The ability to take a step back from the detail and have an overall look at the situation to ensure the move can be made safely.

    Maintain Concentration

    • Ability to remain focused on the task at hand, preventing distractions.

    Anticipation of Risk

    • Ability to identify potential hazards and take steps to mitigate them.
    • Using route knowledge, the driver can anticipate a red signal aspect, reacting quicker to it and reducing the risk of a SPAD.

    Prioritising

    • The ability to focus on the most important task at hand, such as observing a signal rather than taking a break.

    Systematic and Thorough Approach

    • Using a logical and thorough approach to ensure no steps in the method of work are missed.

    Follows Rules and Procedures

    • Complies with the rules and procedures learned during training.

    Checking

    • Ensuring the route is set correctly, switches are secured and that checks are repeated if in doubt.

    Communication

    • Using good communication to ensure messages are repeated back and are understood.

    Verify Handbrake Status

    • Inspect the coloured links on the handbrake chain.
    • Check the tension on the handbrake chain.
    • Review the Piston Travel Indicator.
    • Measure the Brake Block Clearance.
    • If possible, perform a departure roll-by examination to ensure all wheels are turning freely.

    Isolating Wagon Brakes

    • When to Isolate Wagon Brakes: If the brakes are damaged or defective, they need to be isolated to move the wagon.
      1. Consultation: Before isolating the brakes, consult the RSM.
      1. Isolate the Brakes: Turn the Cut-Out Cock to the closed position. Release Air: Pull the release valve pull rod (located on each side of the wagon) and hold it until all air is exhausted.
      1. Verify Brake Release: Check Piston Travel Indicator: Ensure it shows the brakes have released. Check Brake Blocks: Physically confirm that the brake blocks are not touching the wheels.
    • The procedure is the same for all bulk cargo wagons in the SAR fleet, although pull rod handles may differ.

    Point Clamps

    • Purpose: Point clamps secure switches in case of equipment failure.
    • Attaching the Clamp:
      • Rotate the hand wheel anti-clockwise to retract the threaded bar, allowing the clamp to fit under the rails.
      • Place the clamp so it fits around both the stock rail and the switch blade.
      • Ensure it is not fitted to the end of the switch rail (to prevent dislodging).
      • Position the clamp approximately 25 cm from the end of the blade.
      • Turn the hand wheel clockwise to tighten the clamp firmly.
      • Slide the locking bar through one of the holes in the hand wheel. Secure with a padlock.

    Bearing Inspection

    • Pre-Departure Inspection: Carefully inspect wagons before they leave.
    • Key Focus Areas: Pay close attention to the following:
      • Check BOTH bearings.
      • Look for signs of a bearing collapse, damage to the end caps (holes or cracks).
      • Ensure all 3 bolts are secure and tightly done up.
      • Is the locking plate in place?
      • Are the locking tabs folded up stopping the bolts from coming undone?
      • Is there any sign of leaking grease?
      • Are there signs of burnt paint – the result of extreme heating?

    Operation of the LFOP (Line Fault Operation Panel)

    • Obstruction Handling: If the switch is blocked by sand or debris and can't reach the end position, the buttons will keep flashing. Press both buttons again to move the switch back to its original position.
    • Switch Failure (Bad Switch): Clear the obstruction safely. Operate the switch again once the obstruction is cleared.
    • Returning Control: To return the LFOP control to the OCC or LTC: Press the READY button for 1-5 seconds (ideally 3 seconds). Contact the OCC/LTC to confirm you are done with the LFOP.
    • Manual Operation: If the switch motor fails or the switch can't be operated from the LFOP, the switch can be manually wound to the desired position.
    • A Disconnection Ring and Crank Handle are needed for this task.
    • Failure of Switch Motor: Locate the cover for the winding gear. Clear the area of all loose sand to prevent contamination of the internal mechanism when the cap is removed. Using the disconnection ring unscrew the cover.

    Fatigue and Lifestyle

    • Fatigue plays a significant role in rail safety incidents, accounting for 21% of high-risk events.
    • Insufficient sleep and extended wakefulness are prime contributors to fatigue.
    • A survey conducted in 2019 by the UK Rail Safety Board, involving 7800 rail workers, revealed that over 40% of day shift workers reported getting 6 hours or less of sleep, while the figure reached over 60% for night shift workers.
    • Sleep deprivation has been associated with impaired performance in safety-critical tasks.
    • 11% of shift workers reported being awake for 18-24 hours at least once in the previous week, which is equivalent to the impairment experienced by someone driving under the influence of alcohol.

    Sleep Well

    • Aim for 8 hours of quality sleep every 24 hours.
    • Sleep deprivation (less than 5-6 hours) can have serious consequences for safety.
    • Tips for improving sleep:
      • Avoid exposure to daylight and bright light before bedtime.
      • Avoid using devices with backlit screens (phones, tablets) before bed.
      • Employ blackout curtains, blinds, or a sleep mask to block light during sleep.
      • Eat a light meal before bedtime, avoiding heavy, fatty, or spicy foods.
      • Avoid caffeinated drinks (coffee, tea, cola, energy drinks) before bed.

    Safety Distances

    • Spillage (Loss of Containment): Stay 100 meters away unless authorized by a Dangerous Goods Expert.
    • Fire: Maintain a distance of 800 meters.

    ### PPE Requirements for DG Incidents

    • Essential PPE:
      • Hard Hat
      • Safety Glasses with Side Shields
      • Long-sleeved Shirt and Long Trousers
      • Hi-Vis Vest
      • Safety Boots (6” High Lace-Up)
      • Gloves
      • H2S Monitor (for Molten Sulfur Incidents only)
    • Do not approach the incident site until a Dangerous Goods specialist grants permission.

    First Aid Measures

    • Eye Exposure:
      • Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes.
      • Hold eyelids open.
      • Remove contact lenses if easy to do.
      • Get medical attention promptly.
    • Inhalation:
      • Move victim to fresh air.
      • Ensure comfortable breathing.
      • Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
      • Get immediate medical assistance.
    • Skin Exposure:
      • Rinse with water for at least 20 minutes.
      • Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
      • Get immediate medical help.
    • Ingestion:
      • Rinse mouth with water.
      • Drink plenty of water.
      • Do not induce vomiting.
      • Seek medical attention immediately.

    ### Tank Wagon Inspection Checklist

    • Inspect wagons for any leaks from pipes or valves.
    • This is a safety-critical aspect of rail operations.

    ### Non-technical Skills (NTS)

    • Driver approaching a signal:

      • Overall awareness: The driver should be aware of the train's location and approaching signal.
      • Maintain concentration: The driver should focus on the signal and surrounding environment.
      • Anticipation of risk: The driver should anticipate the possibility of a red signal and react accordingly.
      • Prioritizing: The driver should prioritize observing and reacting to the signal.

    • Shunter shunting a train:

      • Systematic and thorough approach: Ensure a logical and comprehensive approach to every step of the operation.
      • Follows rules and procedures: Adhere to all training-provided regulations and protocols.
      • Checking: Verify that the route is set correctly and that switches are secured.
      • In doubt, CHECK AGAIN.
      • Communication: Use clear and concise communication to ensure messages are repeated and understood.
      • Overall Awareness: Maintain an overview of the situation to ensure a safe shunting operation.

    ### Personal Safety

    • Responsibilities: Yard Master or Terminal Team Leader oversees safety; each individual is responsible for their own.
    • Guidelines:
      • Ensure clear understanding of actions with all personnel involved in shunting movements.
      • Be aware of clearances and avoid taking risks.
      • Maintain a good lookout.
    • Prohibited Actions:
      • Do not get on or off a moving rail vehicle.
      • Do not ride on any vehicle other than a locomotive.
      • Do not go between vehicles unless absolutely certain they cannot move.
      • Do not remain between vehicles during any movement (ease-up, coupling-up, detaching locomotive).

    ### Going Between Vehicles

    • Wait for vehicles to stop completely.
    • Inform the driver you are "going in between."
    • Instruct other staff not to move wagons or the locomotive until you are clear.

    Crossing Tracks

    • Stay 7 meters away from stationary vehicles in case of unexpected movement.
    • When crossing from one side of a train to the other, use steps and access platforms.
    • Do not climb over or under the coupler.

    Molten Sulfur and Phosphoric Acid

    • Wagons transporting these substances will display specific placards:
      • Molten Sulfur: UN Number 2448, Placard: Flammable Solid (orange plate with number "2448")
      • Phosphoric Acid: UN Number 1805, Placard: Corrosive (orange plate with number "1805")

    Identification - United Nations (UN) Number

    • The UN number provides specific information about the dangerous goods being transported.

    Identification - Other Markings (Elevated Temperature Hazard)

    • Molten Sulfur:
      • Ingestion: Toxic if ingested.
      • Inhalation: Respiratory tract irritation and coughing.
      • Skin: Irritation, redness, especially under repeated or prolonged contact in the presence of moisture.
      • Eyes: Pain, irritation, watering, redness.
    • Phosphoric Acid:
      • Ingestion: Digestive tract burns including mouth, esophagus, and stomach.
      • Inhalation: Respiratory tract irritation, coughing
      • Skin: Severe skin burns with permanent damage (scarring).
      • Eyes: Serious eye damage and possible blindness.

    Actions in Case of an Incident

    • Notification: Immediately notify the OCC via the GSM-R radio emergency button.
    • Initial Actions:
      • Stop the train in a suitable place, considering the type of hazard.
      • Switch off the locomotive.
      • Avoid sources of ignition.
      • Provide detailed incident information to the OCC.
      • Keep dangerous goods information accessible for emergency services.
      • Wear prescribed PPE and move away from the incident site.
      • Stay upwind and avoid spilled substances, fumes, smoke, dust, and vapors.
      • Remove contaminated clothing.

    Personal Equipment

    • Always have company ID and necessary equipment:
      • Mobile phone
      • Radios
      • Hand lamp/torch
      • Notebook and pen
      • Defect Cards
      • Train documentation
      • Clamp Keys

    Publications

    • While on duty, maintain and carry:
      • SAR rule book
      • Site method of work or local working instructions
      • Special site instructions relevant to your post

    Health and Safety

    • Your responsibilities:
      • Ensure your own safety
      • Ensure the safety of employees and the public
      • Protect the company and public property
      • Safeguard the environment

    Safe System of Work

    • Follow these methods to protect workers:
      • Only use tools if trained and competent
      • Do not perform tasks without the correct tools
      • Never place your hand in machinery that is not shutdown and secured

    Accident/Incident Reporting

    • Report all accidents/incidents and unsafe conditions immediately
    • Do not assume any injury is too small to report

    Accident/Incident Management

    • If an accident occurs:
      • Stop all train movement and activities
      • Protect the train to prevent further involvement
      • Call emergency services if necessary
      • Inform the Terminal Master or representative
      • Follow local emergency procedures
      • Complete an interview with your Line Manager
      • Submit a written report before booking off duty
      • Take photos if possible
      • Record valuable information
      • Do not interfere with evidence, except to help the injured or prevent further harm

    Safe Walking Routes

    • Use designated safe walking routes as published locally

    Lifestyle and Professional Operations: Fatigue

    • Dangers of being tired at work:
      • Loss of concentration
      • Poor judgement of speed and distance
      • Slow reactions
      • Risk of falling asleep
    • Signs of drowsiness:
      • Frequent yawning and wandering thoughts
      • Sudden realization of lost concentration
      • Eyes closing or going out of focus
      • Difficulty keeping your head up

    Lifestyle and Professional Operations: Fatigue

    • What to do if you feel drowsy:
      • Drink cold water and rinse your face
      • Eat a sandwich or fruit with cold water
      • Inform your Manager/Supervisor if you cannot handle drowsiness
      • Ensure you are well-rested before duty

    Lifestyle and Professional Operations: Heat Exposure

    • Precautions in hot climates:
      • Avoid direct sun from 10 am to 4 pm and stay in the shade
      • Wear light clothing and a wide-brimmed hat
      • Apply SPF 30 sunscreen and reapply every two hours

    Personal Preparation

    • Before duty:
      • Ensure you are fit for work
      • Know the method of work for your location
      • Carry all necessary documents and working equipment
      • Be aware of any location-specific restrictions

    Personal Preparation

    • Returning from leave or illness:
      • Familiarize yourself with any changes or updates affecting your work

    Non-technical Skills (NTS)

    • Communication is vital
      • Give your exact location
      • Clearly understand the task
      • Let the person know how you can be contacted
      • Use the phonetic alphabet, especially for names and locations
      • Say numbers one at a time
      • Use the term “line blocked” instead of “not clear”
      • Repeat the message back to confirm understanding
      • Ask for clarification if you do not understand the message
      • Always use approved communication methods: phone, radio, hand signals

    Personal Safety

    • Responsibilities:
      • Yard Master or Terminal Team Leader oversee safety
      • Each individual is responsible for their own safety
    • Personal Safety Guidelines:
      • Ensure clear understanding of actions with all personnel
      • Be aware of limited clearances and never take risks
      • Always keep a good lookout
    • Prohibited Actions:
      • Do not get on or off a moving rail vehicle
      • Do not ride on any vehicle other than a locomotive
      • Do not go between vehicles unless absolutely certain they cannot move
      • Do not remain between vehicles during any movement

    Personal Safety: Going Between Vehicles

    • Wait until vehicles have stopped completely
    • Inform the driver you are "going in between"
    • Instruct other staff not to move wagons or the locomotive until you are clear

    Personal Safety: Crossing Tracks

    • Stay 7 meters away from any stationary vehicles
    • When crossing from one side of a train to the other, use the steps and access platform

    Reducing Shunting Risk: Prior to Movement

    • Clear understanding:
      • Establish who will control the movement
      • Establish how the movement will be controlled
      • Establish the purpose of the movement
    • Check and Confirm:
      • Sidings involved and current conditions
      • Type of vehicles and any degraded mode of working
      • Presence of people working on or near the track or vehicles
      • Involvement of road or foot crossings
      • Depot protection status and necessary authority to proceed
      • Correct authority before starting movement
      • Safe coupling and uncoupling procedures
      • Visibility restrictions
      • End position of the movement

    Reducing Shunting Risk: Preventing Derailment

    • Switches and Track Conditions:
      • Check all switches for proper fitting and blade damage
      • Ensure trailing switches are set correctly
      • Verify that vehicles stabled over switches have not been moved
      • Comply with speed restrictions
      • Check for scotches or debris
    • LFOP Operations:
      • Do not operate an LFOP unless trained and authorized

    Reducing Shunting Risk: Preventing Collisions

    • Preventing Collisions:
      • Communicate with others to understand all movements
      • Ensure all switches are set correctly
      • Keep a lookout for any obstructions
      • Do not leave wagons or locos foul of switches
      • Use Safe Clearance Markers as a guide

    Clamp Positioning

    • Position the clamp so it fits around both the stock rail and the switch blade
    • Ensure it is not fitted to the end of the switch rail
    • Position the clamp 25 cm from the end of the blade
    • Tighten the clamp firmly
    • Slide the locking bar through one of the holes in the hand wheel
    • Secure with a padlock

    Bearing Inspection: Pre-Departure Inspection

    • Carefully inspect wagons before they leave
    • Key Focus Areas:
      • Check BOTH bearings
      • Look for signs of a bearing collapse
      • Look for signs of damage to the end caps
      • Ensure all 3 bolts are secure
      • Check if the locking plate is in place
      • Check if locking tabs are folded up
      • Look for signs of leaking grease
      • Look for signs of burnt paint

    Definitions

    • Not to be Moved Board: A sign that prohibits movement of a vehicle; only the person who applied the board can remove it.
    • Operational Railway: This term includes the area called on the lineside and the area called On or Near the Line.
    • On or Near the Line: The area within 2 meters of the nearest rail.
    • Operator: The person responsible for a Locomotive or Track mobile.
    • Person in Charge (PIC): Responsible for rail activities and ensuring a safe work system. PIC is responsible for the Yard Shunt Team's actions.
    • Pilot: An employee on duty on a train, responsible for specific duties related to safe and efficient train operation.
    • Propelling: Pushing vehicles by a traction unit.
    • Radio: A hand-held radio permitting two-way communication.
    • Rolling Stock: Wheeled vehicles on railway lines, either self-propelled (locomotive) or requiring attachment to a self-propelled vehicle (wagon) to move.
    • RSM Zone: The area under the operational supervision of the RSM supervisor or foreman.
    • Shunter: An employee engaged in coupling and uncoupling vehicles and moving trains or vehicles within prescribed limits. Also, the person controlling a specific shunting movement.

    Attaching and Detaching a Wagon/Locomotive: Coupling Sequence

    • Prepare: Vehicles must be at least 5 meters apart to safely prepare the coupler; open the coupler jaw by pulling the release lever, ensuring the locking pin fully disengages.
    • Align: Set and line up the couplers, then complete the movement to engage correctly. For coupling on a curve, open the jaws on both wagons to prevent premature closing.
    • Test: Perform a pull test by instructing the driver to draw forward. If the coupling is locked, the train will not move. Stop the movement.
    • Secure: Release handbrakes.
    • Equalize Pressure: Open air cocks halfway, wait for pressure to equalize, then fully open.
    • Connecting Air Pipes and ICC: Connect in this order: Door Air Pipe, Brake Air Pipe, ICC (check with the driver that train-line power is off before touching the ICC).

    Attaching and Detaching a Wagon/Locomotive: Uncoupling Sequence

    • Prepare: Ensure vehicles are stopped; inform the driver you are going in between and wait for acknowledgment.
    • Disconnect: Close the air cocks. Disconnect the ICC, ensuring train-line power is off before handling. Secure hoses and ICC cables with appropriate retainers.
    • Secure: Apply handbrakes to stabled vehicles.
    • Release: Move to a safe position, pull the coupling release lever, and instruct the driver to "ease off." If the locking pin is tight, ask the driver to "ease up" to release tension on the pin.

    Handling and Safety Procedures for Dangerous Goods

    • Definition: Dangerous goods pose unreasonable risks to health, safety, and property.
    • Hazard Classes:
      • Class 1: Explosives
      • Class 2: Gases
      • Class 3: Flammable Liquids
      • Class 4: Other Flammables
      • Class 5: Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
      • Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances
      • Class 7: Radioactive Material
      • Class 8: Corrosive Substances
      • Class 9: Miscellaneous Items

    SAR Transported Goods

    • Molten Sulfur:
      • Classified as a Class 4.1 – Flammable Solid.
      • When transported in a molten state, sulfur is extremely hot (150°C).
      • At high temperatures, sulfur reacts with hydrocarbons (such as diesel) to give off Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas.
      • Display the appropriate hazard placard indicating a flammable solid.
    • Phosphoric Acid:
      • Classified as a Class 8 – Corrosive Substance.
      • A corrosive, viscous liquid that reacts with most metals to form flammable hydrogen gas.
      • The reaction with metals poses a significant fire and explosion risk.
      • Display the appropriate hazard placard indicating a corrosive substance.

    Identification - United Nations (UN) Number

    • Wagons and containers transporting dangerous goods must display an orange plate with the UN Number.

    Switching

    • Position the Clamp: Fit the clamp around both the stock rail and the switch blade; ensure it's not fitted to the end of the switch rail (to prevent dislodging); position approximately 25 cm from the end of the blade.
    • Secure the Clamp: Turn the hand wheel clockwise to tightly secure the clamp.
    • Lock the Clamp: Slide the locking bar through a hole in the hand wheel and secure with a padlock.

    Bearing Inspection

    • Pre-Departure Inspection: Carefully inspect wagons before they leave.
    • Key Focus Areas:
      • Check both bearings.
      • Look for signs of bearing collapse.
      • Look for signs of damage to the end caps (holes or cracks).
      • Ensure all 3 bolts are secure.
      • Check if the locking plate is in place; ensure locking tabs are folded up to prevent bolts from coming undone.
      • Check for leaking grease.
      • Look for signs of burnt paint (extreme heating).

    Operation of Switches (LFOP)

    • Authority: Before operating a switch, a Shunter or Pilot must obtain control of the LFOP (released by the relevant controller (OCC or LTC)).
    • Communicating with the OCC or LTC:
      • Identify yourself (e.g., "Name, Yard Shunter or Pilot").
      • State your location (e.g., "Nariyah" or "Ras-Al-Khair").
      • Request the Zone and (specific) LFOP you need.
      • (Example: "This is Shunter [Name] at Nariyah Yard. Operator, please release LFOP 16 Z.2.")
      • Note: The OCC releases all LFOPs within a Zone, not just individual ones.
    • Switch Button Operation: Once the LFOP is released, the READY button and switch buttons will light up. Switches can be operated as needed. Each pair of switch buttons has an identification plate with the switch number printed on the buttons.

    Operating a Switch

    • Press BOTH buttons for the required switch.
    • Duration:
      • 1 to 5 seconds: The switch will operate (switch buttons will flash while moving).
      • 5 to 10 seconds: No action, the switch won't operate.
      • More than 10 seconds: The system will lock out (switch lights go out, READY light flashes). Contact the OCC/LTC to reset.
      • Ideal duration: 3 seconds - count, don't estimate!
    • Movement: Switches operate slowly (6-9 seconds to move). Stop all rail movement before operating a switch.

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    Related Documents

    Saudi Arabia Railways Terminals, Mines and Ports Operations Handbook PDF 2024
    SAR Ground Staff Foundation Course PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential safety procedures related to hand signals, hydrogen sulfide gas handling, and switch button operation in railway environments. Test your knowledge on crucial protocols to ensure safety during formation shunting and equipment operation.

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