39 Questions
What is safety?
Safety is the minimization of risks while maximizing the quality of life.
What does safety require?
Safety requires a condition or changing set of circumstances that presents a potential for injury, illness, or property damage.
What is safety all about?
Safety is all about identifying problems, developing solutions, and implementing interventions.
What are the factors for the 'agent of injury' that impact safety?
The factors for the 'agent of injury' that impact safety are the item, environment (physical and social), and human (operator/worker).
How does education relate to safety and health?
Education is the foundation of prevention in safety and health.
Why study safety and health?
Studying safety and health is important for the prevention of injuries, illnesses, and property damage.
What are some examples of factors that humans bring to the workplace that can influence safety?
Age, attitude, training, experience, impairments, risk perception, size, skills
What are some physical and social examples of environmental factors that can influence workplace safety?
Physical examples: weather, heat, cold, wet, windy, climate controlled, noise, site hazards. Social examples: peer attitudes and support, 'it’s just the cost of doing business' mentality
During which time period did the safety movement in the United States experience significant development?
The safety movement in the United States experienced significant development since the early 1900s.
What were some significant developments in health and safety before the Industrial Revolution?
The Code of Hammurabi, industrial medical service in ancient Egypt, safety and health concerns of the Romans
What changes during the Industrial Revolution necessitated a greater focus on the safety and health of workers?
Steam power, machines, new methods for converting raw materials, specialization
What marked the beginning of governmental involvement in workplace safety in England?
The passage of the Health & Morals of Apprentices Act in 1802
What were some milestones in the safety movement in the United States?
Patenting of the first barrier safeguard in 1868, passage of mine safety law in 1869, passage of law requiring safeguards for hazardous machinery in 1877, and establishment of potential employer liability in workplace accidents in 1877
What was the prevailing view of accident prevention programs historically?
Too costly
Who began studying efficiency in manufacturing around 1900 and drew a connection between lost personnel time and management policies and procedures?
Frederick Taylor
How is accident prevention justified in contemporary times?
Economically
What is the overall cost of accidents in the US?
About $150 billion
In what terms are accidents now seen as costly?
Economic
What are some of the yearly causes of death that have more occurrences than accidents?
Heart disease, cancer, stroke
What are some of the categories of accident costs mentioned in the text?
Not provided in the text
What was the connection discovered between quality and safety between World War I and World War II?
Industry discovered the connection between quality and safety.
What is the role of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
OSHA sets/revokes safety & health standards, conducts inspections, investigates problems, issues citations & assesses penalties, petitions courts to take action against unsafe employers, provides safety training & injury prevention consultation, and maintains a database of health and safety statistics.
What are the three E's of safety in early safety programs?
The three E's of safety are Engineering, Education, and Enforcement.
What is the role of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)?
NIOSH is required to publish annually a comprehensive list of all known toxic substances and provide on-site tests of potentially toxic substances for companies.
What are the components of OSHA's integrated approach to safety and health?
OSHA requires companies to have a plan for providing appropriate medical treatment for injured or ill workers, regularly examining workers exposed to toxic substances, and having a qualified first-aid person available during all working hours.
What are some positions included in the health & safety staff of a modern industrial company?
Industrial hygiene chemist and/or engineer, radiation control specialist, and industrial safety engineer or manager.
What is the 4th leading cause of death in the USA?
Accidents are the 4th leading cause of death in the USA after heart disease, cancer, and strokes.
When did the first effective workers' compensation law pass in the US?
1911
What was the mountain region where the Hawk's Nest Tragedy occurred?
Hawk's Nest region of West Virginia
Who was the first to link asbestos to lung cancer and respiratory diseases?
Dr. Irving J. Selikoff
What year did the Bhopal Tragedy occur?
1984
What were some factors leading to the magnitude of the Bhopal gas leak?
Storing MIC in large tanks, filling beyond recommended levels, poor maintenance, failure of safety systems, switching off safety systems to save money
What major problem did coal miners face in the 1800s?
Lung disease
When did Congress pass the Coal Mine Health & Safety Act?
1969
When was mercury poisoning first noticed in a Japanese fishing village?
Early 1930s
When did the issue of mercury poisoning become prominent in the US?
1940s
What are some health problems caused by asbestos exposure?
Asbestosis, lung cancer (mesothelioma)
What has removing asbestos from old buildings become due to its hazardous nature?
A highly specialized task requiring special equipment & training
When did individual components of broader safety programs start evolving?
Since the late 1800s
Test your knowledge of the milestones in the safety and health movement, focusing on workers' compensation laws and their origins. This quiz covers the historical development of workers' compensation and its impact on occupational safety and health.
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