مراجعه فاينل ايندو

Which of the following is the leading cause of visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy?

What is the treatment for proliferative retinopathy?

Which of the following is a complication of proliferative retinopathy that may cause neovascular glaucoma?

What is the age requirement for annual screening for diabetic retinopathy?

Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for diabetic encephalopathy?

Which of the following is a common cause of non-traumatic adult amputation in the developed world?

What is the most common cause of adult kidney failure in the developed world?

What is the association between diabetes and erectile dysfunction?

What is the association between diabetes and periodontal disease?

Which of the following is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy?

What is the main cause of diabetic foot problems?

Which of the following infections are diabetic patients with good glycemic control more prone to?

Which of the following is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy?

Why does poor glycemic control lead to increased susceptibility to infection?

What is the most common cause of blindness among non-elderly adults in the developed world?

What is the recommended vaccination schedule for diabetic patients?

What is the main aim in the management of diabetic foot problems?

What is the main threat to the skin and subcutaneous tissues in diabetic foot ulcers?

What is the most appropriate treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

What can diabetic retinopathy be divided into?

Which of the following is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus?

What is the medical emergency characterized by unconsciousness in a patient with diabetes mellitus called?

Which of the following conditions is characterized by severe hyperglycemia, dehydration, shock, and exhaustion?

What is the diagnosis based on blood tests finding a blood sugar greater than 30 mmol/L (600 mg/dL), osmolarity greater than 320 mOsm/kg, and a pH above 7.3?

Which of the following is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus?

What is the term for the condition in which high blood sugar results in high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis?

Which of the following is likely to be under-recognized in older people with diabetes due to non-specific symptoms?

What is the term for the loss of consciousness due to severe hypoglycemia?

Which of the following is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by accelerated atherosclerosis?

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for Diabetes Mellitus in KSA?

What is the recommended screening test for Diabetes Mellitus?

What is the prevalence of goiter worldwide?

What is the preferred strategy for the control of iodine deficiency disorders?

What is the prevalence of obesity in KSA among adult females?

What is the prevalence of obesity worldwide among adults?

What is the most common cause of goiter?

What is the recommended age for universal screening for prediabetes and diabetes?

What is the recommended screening interval for adults with normal results for prediabetes and diabetes?

What is the prevalence of diabetes among the urban population of KSA?

Which classification system is used for Diabetes Mellitus to guide clinical care decisions, stimulate research, and provide a basis for epidemiological studies?

What is the main aim of diabetes management for diabetic foot problems?

What is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to cardiovascular disease?

What is the recommended age requirement for annual screening for diabetic retinopathy?

What is the main cause of diabetic foot problems?

What is the term for the condition characterized by severe hyperglycemia, dehydration, shock, and exhaustion in patients with diabetes mellitus?

What is the most common cause of blindness among non-elderly adults in the developed world?

What is the term for the loss of consciousness due to severe hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus?

What is the most common cause of adult kidney failure in the developed world?

What is the diagnosis based on blood tests finding a blood sugar greater than 30 mmol/L (600 mg/dL), osmolarity greater than 320 mOsm/kg, and a pH above 7.3?

What is the main cause of iodine deficiency disorders in Saudi Arabia?

What is the role of goitre in determining the prevalence and severity of iodine deficiency disorders?

Which organization has published guidelines on obesity in Saudi Arabia?

What is the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease?

What is the leading cause of visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy?

What is the most common cause of adult kidney failure in the developed world?

What is the term for the condition in which high blood sugar results in high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis?

What is the most appropriate treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

What is the recommended vaccination schedule for diabetic patients?

What is the association between diabetes and erectile dysfunction?

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by inadequate insulin production due to β-cells dysfunction?

What is the major factor contributing to the development of insulin resistance in type-2 DM?

What is the relationship between fasting plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and insulin resistance in type-2 DM?

Which of the following hormones released by adipose tissue promotes hyperglycemia in obesity?

What is the major cause of β-cells dysfunction in type-2 DM?

What is the term for the condition characterized by severe hyperglycemia, dehydration, shock, and exhaustion in patients with diabetes mellitus?

What is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following is a specific criterion for diagnosing prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance)?

What is the most common type of diabetes in children and people younger than 20 years?

What is the autoimmune process in type-1 DM characterized by?

What is the percentage of cases of type-1 DM in the general population?

What is the genetic factor most strongly associated with type-1 DM?

What is the term for the chronic autoimmune process in type-1 DM that starts years before manifestation?

What is the term for the destruction of β-cells in type-1 DM?

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the initial 2 years after the diagnosis requiring minimal insulin dose due to remaining β-cells?

What is the key mechanism leading to metabolic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

What are the main microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following is a non-proliferative ophthalmic complication of diabetes mellitus?

What are the three major changes involved in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE)?

Which of the following is the most common sensory complication of diabetes mellitus?

What is the morphological change in the size and numbers of islets in type-2 diabetes and infants of diabetic mothers?

Which of the following is the main cause of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in diabetes mellitus?

What is the main cause of nodular glomerulosclerosis in diabetes mellitus?

What is the key player in the pathophysiology of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following is the most serious proliferative ophthalmic complication of diabetes mellitus?

What is the main intracellular enzyme activated by calcium in the pathophysiology of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for diabetic encephalopathy?

Which of the following is likely to be under-recognized in older people with diabetes due to non-specific symptoms?

What is the main aim in the management of diabetic foot problems?

Which of the following is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy?

Which of the following is true about the relationship between calories and blood glucose?

Which of the following is a possible reason for a food to have high calories but low carbohydrates?

Which of the following is a possible reason for a food to have high carbohydrates but low calories?

Which of the following is NOT a determinant of whether a food is healthy or not?

Which of the following is a factor that can contribute to healthy food choices?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can impact blood glucose levels?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible determinant of whether a food is healthy or not?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can impact blood glucose levels?

Which of the following is mentioned as a possible determinant of whether a food is healthy or not?

Which of the following is mentioned as a factor that can impact blood glucose levels?

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the initial 2 years after the diagnosis requiring minimal insulin dose due to remaining β-cells?

Which of the following conditions is characterized by severe hyperglycemia, dehydration, shock, and exhaustion?

What is the association between diabetes and periodontal disease?

What is the most common cause of blindness among non-elderly adults in the developed world?

What is the diagnosis based on blood tests finding a blood sugar greater than 30 mmol/L (600 mg/dL), osmolarity greater than 320 mOsm/kg, and a pH above 7.3?

What is the major factor contributing to the development of insulin resistance in type-2 DM?

What is the main cause of nodular glomerulosclerosis in diabetes mellitus?

What is the main cause of diabetic foot problems?

What are the main microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus?

What is the estimated prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia?

What is the term for the chronic autoimmune process in type-1 DM that starts years before manifestation?

What is the rank of Saudi Arabia in terms of diabetes prevalence worldwide?

How many people in Saudi Arabia have prediabetes?

What was the cost of diabetes care in the USA in 2012?

What percentage of the cost of diabetes care in the USA is for visits and medications?

What is the main characteristic of Type 1 DM?

How much higher is the treatment cost for a diabetic patient compared to a normal individual in Saudi Arabia?

What is the main characteristic of Type 2 DM?

What are the main complications of diabetes?

What is the primary prevention strategy for diabetes?