Podcast
Questions and Answers
A patient taking clonidine reports feeling dizzy upon standing. Which patient teaching is most important?
A patient taking clonidine reports feeling dizzy upon standing. Which patient teaching is most important?
- Change positions slowly and cautiously. (correct)
- Increase fluid intake and add more salt to your diet.
- Take the medication in the morning rather than at night.
- Discontinue the medication immediately.
Which of the following is a contraindication for carvedilol?
Which of the following is a contraindication for carvedilol?
- Tachycardia
- Heart Failure
- Asthma (correct)
- Hypertension
A patient taking captopril develops a persistent, dry cough. Which action is most appropriate?
A patient taking captopril develops a persistent, dry cough. Which action is most appropriate?
- Administer an antitussive cough suppressant.
- Notify the healthcare provider to discuss an alternative medication. (correct)
- Instruct the patient to take the medication with food.
- Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake.
A patient is prescribed losartan. What should they be instructed to avoid?
A patient is prescribed losartan. What should they be instructed to avoid?
Hydralazine is being administered to a patient with severe hypertension. What adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?
Hydralazine is being administered to a patient with severe hypertension. What adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?
A patient taking nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for angina reports chest pain. After taking one tablet, the patient still has chest pain. What is the next step?
A patient taking nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for angina reports chest pain. After taking one tablet, the patient still has chest pain. What is the next step?
Which of the following instructions should be given to a patient prescribed diltiazem?
Which of the following instructions should be given to a patient prescribed diltiazem?
Amlodipine is prescribed for a patient with hypertension. Which common adverse effect should the patient be educated about?
Amlodipine is prescribed for a patient with hypertension. Which common adverse effect should the patient be educated about?
A patient is prescribed lisinopril. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A patient is prescribed lisinopril. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
Which of the following is a common side effect of valsartan?
Which of the following is a common side effect of valsartan?
A patient taking digoxin should be taught to monitor for signs of toxicity. Which of the following are signs of dig toxicity?
A patient taking digoxin should be taught to monitor for signs of toxicity. Which of the following are signs of dig toxicity?
A patient receiving Digoxin Immune Fab is exhibiting which condition?
A patient receiving Digoxin Immune Fab is exhibiting which condition?
Adenosine is administered via rapid IV push for which condition?
Adenosine is administered via rapid IV push for which condition?
A patient on amiodarone should be monitored for which of the following adverse effects?
A patient on amiodarone should be monitored for which of the following adverse effects?
A patient is started on atorvastatin. What should the patient be instructed to avoid while on the medication?
A patient is started on atorvastatin. What should the patient be instructed to avoid while on the medication?
Which instruction is most important for a patient taking cholestyramine?
Which instruction is most important for a patient taking cholestyramine?
Ezetimibe is prescribed to treat high cholesterol. How does ezetimibe work?
Ezetimibe is prescribed to treat high cholesterol. How does ezetimibe work?
A patient taking furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
A patient taking furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
Mannitol is used in emergency situations to treat increased intracranial pressure. How does it work?
Mannitol is used in emergency situations to treat increased intracranial pressure. How does it work?
Which of the following is a unique effect of spironolactone compared to other diuretics?
Which of the following is a unique effect of spironolactone compared to other diuretics?
When epinephrine is administered, which type of receptor is primarily activated?
When epinephrine is administered, which type of receptor is primarily activated?
A client has a prescription for midodrine to be administered at 9 PM. What should the nurse assess prior to administration?
A client has a prescription for midodrine to be administered at 9 PM. What should the nurse assess prior to administration?
Which medication acts on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?
Which medication acts on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?
A client is receiving a drug that has a positive chronotropic effect. What physiological change does the nurse anticipate?
A client is receiving a drug that has a positive chronotropic effect. What physiological change does the nurse anticipate?
When a client is taking an adrenergic agonist medication, which effect should the nurse expect to observe?
When a client is taking an adrenergic agonist medication, which effect should the nurse expect to observe?
Which is the correct method of administration procedure for dopamine?
Which is the correct method of administration procedure for dopamine?
A client is prescribed atenolol. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?
A client is prescribed atenolol. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?
The nurse is screening a client who will be taking a non-specific beta blocker. Which condition may cause serious problems if the client takes this medication?
The nurse is screening a client who will be taking a non-specific beta blocker. Which condition may cause serious problems if the client takes this medication?
A patient stopped taking a beta blocker 2 months ago due to an "embarrassing problem." What problem did the patient most likely experience?
A patient stopped taking a beta blocker 2 months ago due to an "embarrassing problem." What problem did the patient most likely experience?
Which of the following is the priority purpose for beta blocker use in a client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI)?
Which of the following is the priority purpose for beta blocker use in a client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI)?
Select all the drug classes where pregnancy is a contraindication:
Select all the drug classes where pregnancy is a contraindication:
Which of the following medications would be preferred in a client with asthma? Select all that apply.
Which of the following medications would be preferred in a client with asthma? Select all that apply.
Which of the following older client statements indicates the nurse needs to provide further teaching?
Which of the following older client statements indicates the nurse needs to provide further teaching?
Select all the reasons why verapamil and diltiazem are used as drug therapy.
Select all the reasons why verapamil and diltiazem are used as drug therapy.
Which of the following calcium channel blockers has an effect on the heart, resulting in a decreased heart rate? Select all that apply.
Which of the following calcium channel blockers has an effect on the heart, resulting in a decreased heart rate? Select all that apply.
Which medication will most likely be prescribed to treat hypertension, for a client who has had a heart attack (MI)?
Which medication will most likely be prescribed to treat hypertension, for a client who has had a heart attack (MI)?
Which of the following side effects of captopril needs to be assessed first?
Which of the following side effects of captopril needs to be assessed first?
What precautions should the nurse place the client on when administering a blood pressure medication for the first time?
What precautions should the nurse place the client on when administering a blood pressure medication for the first time?
The client presents with elevated potassium, angioedema, and cough. What medication does the nurse expect to find on the client's home medication list?
The client presents with elevated potassium, angioedema, and cough. What medication does the nurse expect to find on the client's home medication list?
The nurse cares for a client who was diagnosed with hypertension 6 years ago and refused treatment. The current assessment findings include a blood pressure of 182/100 mm Hg, confusion, headache, and shortness of breath. Which condition does the nurse associate with these assessment findings?
The nurse cares for a client who was diagnosed with hypertension 6 years ago and refused treatment. The current assessment findings include a blood pressure of 182/100 mm Hg, confusion, headache, and shortness of breath. Which condition does the nurse associate with these assessment findings?
A patient with hypertension and a history of opioid addiction is prescribed clonidine. What is the most important teaching point regarding potential withdrawal symptoms?
A patient with hypertension and a history of opioid addiction is prescribed clonidine. What is the most important teaching point regarding potential withdrawal symptoms?
When initiating carvedilol therapy for a patient with heart failure, what assessment finding would warrant immediate consultation with the prescriber?
When initiating carvedilol therapy for a patient with heart failure, what assessment finding would warrant immediate consultation with the prescriber?
A patient is started on captopril for hypertension. Which of the following findings requires the most immediate intervention?
A patient is started on captopril for hypertension. Which of the following findings requires the most immediate intervention?
Which statement made by a patient prescribed losartan indicates a need for further teaching?
Which statement made by a patient prescribed losartan indicates a need for further teaching?
A patient is receiving hydralazine for hypertensive crisis. Which assessment finding should prompt the nurse to suspect a potential adverse effect of the medication?
A patient is receiving hydralazine for hypertensive crisis. Which assessment finding should prompt the nurse to suspect a potential adverse effect of the medication?
A patient with angina pectoris takes a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet for chest pain. After 5 minutes, the pain is partially relieved but still present. What should the patient do next?
A patient with angina pectoris takes a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet for chest pain. After 5 minutes, the pain is partially relieved but still present. What should the patient do next?
A patient taking diltiazem reports persistent constipation. Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate?
A patient taking diltiazem reports persistent constipation. Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate?
A patient has been prescribed amlodipine for hypertension. What findings should the nurse instruct the patient to report?
A patient has been prescribed amlodipine for hypertension. What findings should the nurse instruct the patient to report?
A patient is prescribed lisinopril and is also taking ibuprofen for arthritis. What potential interaction should the nurse be most concerned about?
A patient is prescribed lisinopril and is also taking ibuprofen for arthritis. What potential interaction should the nurse be most concerned about?
A patient taking valsartan reports experiencing muscle weakness and cramps. Which laboratory value should the nurse assess first?
A patient taking valsartan reports experiencing muscle weakness and cramps. Which laboratory value should the nurse assess first?
A patient with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which assessment finding would indicate that the medication is having a therapeutic effect?
A patient with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which assessment finding would indicate that the medication is having a therapeutic effect?
A patient with severe digoxin toxicity is being treated with Digoxin Immune Fab. What is a priority nursing intervention following the administration of this antidote?
A patient with severe digoxin toxicity is being treated with Digoxin Immune Fab. What is a priority nursing intervention following the administration of this antidote?
A patient is receiving adenosine for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Which of the following side effects is most important for the nurse to explain to the patient before administering the medication?
A patient is receiving adenosine for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Which of the following side effects is most important for the nurse to explain to the patient before administering the medication?
A patient is on amiodarone for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. What is the most important instruction the nurse should give this patient regarding potential adverse effects?
A patient is on amiodarone for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. What is the most important instruction the nurse should give this patient regarding potential adverse effects?
A patient is prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following findings would warrant immediate discontinuation of the medication?
A patient is prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following findings would warrant immediate discontinuation of the medication?
What is the most important instruction to include in patient teaching when administering cholestyramine?
What is the most important instruction to include in patient teaching when administering cholestyramine?
A patient is prescribed ezetimibe in addition to a statin for managing their hyperlipidemia. What is the primary mechanism of action of ezetimibe?
A patient is prescribed ezetimibe in addition to a statin for managing their hyperlipidemia. What is the primary mechanism of action of ezetimibe?
A patient is prescribed furosemide for the treatment of edema. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is the patient most at risk for developing?
A patient is prescribed furosemide for the treatment of edema. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is the patient most at risk for developing?
A patient with increased intracranial pressure is receiving mannitol. What finding indicates the medication is having the desired effect?
A patient with increased intracranial pressure is receiving mannitol. What finding indicates the medication is having the desired effect?
A patient taking spironolactone for heart failure should be monitored for which of the following adverse effects?
A patient taking spironolactone for heart failure should be monitored for which of the following adverse effects?
A child with growth hormone deficiency is prescribed somatropin. What is the most important consideration?
A child with growth hormone deficiency is prescribed somatropin. What is the most important consideration?
A patient with diabetes insipidus is prescribed vasopressin. Which of the following indicates that the medication is effective?
A patient with diabetes insipidus is prescribed vasopressin. Which of the following indicates that the medication is effective?
A patient who has hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. When should the patient take the medication, and why?
A patient who has hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. When should the patient take the medication, and why?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed lispro insulin. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize to the patient?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed lispro insulin. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize to the patient?
A patient is prescribed regular insulin to manage their diabetes. What is the most important instruction regarding administration?
A patient is prescribed regular insulin to manage their diabetes. What is the most important instruction regarding administration?
A patient is prescribed isophane insulin (NPH). What is the most important concept to emphasize during patient teaching?
A patient is prescribed isophane insulin (NPH). What is the most important concept to emphasize during patient teaching?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed insulin glargine. What is the most important instruction?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed insulin glargine. What is the most important instruction?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on metformin therapy. Which of the following side effects should the patient be instructed to report immediately?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on metformin therapy. Which of the following side effects should the patient be instructed to report immediately?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed glipizide. What is the primary mechanism of action of glipizide?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed glipizide. What is the primary mechanism of action of glipizide?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed sitagliptin. What is the primary mechanism?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed sitagliptin. What is the primary mechanism?
A patient is prescribed prednisone for an inflammatory condition. Which instruction is most important to provide?
A patient is prescribed prednisone for an inflammatory condition. Which instruction is most important to provide?
A postmenopausal woman is prescribed estrogen. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A postmenopausal woman is prescribed estrogen. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A patient is prescribed progesterone as part of hormone replacement therapy. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse teach the patient to report?
A patient is prescribed progesterone as part of hormone replacement therapy. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse teach the patient to report?
A patient is prescribed sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. Which instruction is most important?
A patient is prescribed sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. Which instruction is most important?
A man is prescribed finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What information should the nurse provide?
A man is prescribed finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What information should the nurse provide?
A male patient is prescribed testosterone replacement therapy. Which assessment finding should the nurse report to the provider?
A male patient is prescribed testosterone replacement therapy. Which assessment finding should the nurse report to the provider?
Which instruction is important to provide to a patient who is prescribed dipivefrin eye drops?
Which instruction is important to provide to a patient who is prescribed dipivefrin eye drops?
A patient is prescribed latanoprost eye drops for glaucoma. Which statement is most important?
A patient is prescribed latanoprost eye drops for glaucoma. Which statement is most important?
A patient is prescribed dorzolamide eye drops for glaucoma. What is the most important point to emphasize to the patient?
A patient is prescribed dorzolamide eye drops for glaucoma. What is the most important point to emphasize to the patient?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed clonidine. What is the primary mechanism by which this medication lowers blood pressure?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed clonidine. What is the primary mechanism by which this medication lowers blood pressure?
Carvedilol is prescribed to a patient with both hypertension and heart failure. What is the combined effect of its alpha and beta-blocking action that makes it beneficial in this scenario?
Carvedilol is prescribed to a patient with both hypertension and heart failure. What is the combined effect of its alpha and beta-blocking action that makes it beneficial in this scenario?
Captopril is prescribed for a patient with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Besides lowering blood pressure, what additional benefit does captopril provide in managing this patient's condition?
Captopril is prescribed for a patient with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Besides lowering blood pressure, what additional benefit does captopril provide in managing this patient's condition?
A patient taking losartan is advised to avoid potassium-rich foods and supplements. What is the rationale behind this recommendation?
A patient taking losartan is advised to avoid potassium-rich foods and supplements. What is the rationale behind this recommendation?
Hydralazine is prescribed for a patient with severe hypertension. Why is hydralazine often used in combination with other blood pressure medications?
Hydralazine is prescribed for a patient with severe hypertension. Why is hydralazine often used in combination with other blood pressure medications?
A patient with angina pectoris is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. What instructions should be provided to the patient regarding the use of this medication during an acute anginal attack?
A patient with angina pectoris is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. What instructions should be provided to the patient regarding the use of this medication during an acute anginal attack?
A patient is prescribed diltiazem for hypertension. Which of the following dietary instructions is most important for the nurse to provide?
A patient is prescribed diltiazem for hypertension. Which of the following dietary instructions is most important for the nurse to provide?
Amlodipine is prescribed for a patient with hypertension. What mechanism of action allows amlodipine to effectively treat hypertension?
Amlodipine is prescribed for a patient with hypertension. What mechanism of action allows amlodipine to effectively treat hypertension?
A patient is started on lisinopril for hypertension. What is the rationale for advising the patient to take lisinopril on an empty stomach?
A patient is started on lisinopril for hypertension. What is the rationale for advising the patient to take lisinopril on an empty stomach?
A patient taking valsartan reports persistent headaches. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
A patient taking valsartan reports persistent headaches. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
A patient with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. How does digoxin improve cardiac output in patients with heart failure?
A patient with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. How does digoxin improve cardiac output in patients with heart failure?
A patient with severe digoxin toxicity is receiving Digoxin Immune Fab. What is the primary goal of administering this medication?
A patient with severe digoxin toxicity is receiving Digoxin Immune Fab. What is the primary goal of administering this medication?
Why does adenosine have to be administered via rapid IV push?
Why does adenosine have to be administered via rapid IV push?
A patient on amiodarone therapy is instructed to watch for vision changes, such as halos or blurred vision. What is the rationale for this instruction?
A patient on amiodarone therapy is instructed to watch for vision changes, such as halos or blurred vision. What is the rationale for this instruction?
A patient is prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Why is it important to advise the patient to take atorvastatin at night?
A patient is prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Why is it important to advise the patient to take atorvastatin at night?
What is the rationale for advising patients taking cholestyramine to take other medications 1 hour before or 4 hours after taking cholestyramine?
What is the rationale for advising patients taking cholestyramine to take other medications 1 hour before or 4 hours after taking cholestyramine?
Ezetimibe reduces cholesterol by which mechanism?
Ezetimibe reduces cholesterol by which mechanism?
A patient is prescribed furosemide. What electrolyte imbalance is the patient most at risk for?
A patient is prescribed furosemide. What electrolyte imbalance is the patient most at risk for?
A patient taking spironolactone for heart failure should be monitored for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A patient taking spironolactone for heart failure should be monitored for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A child is prescribed somatropin. Why is it important to monitor growth and hormone levels during treatment?
A child is prescribed somatropin. Why is it important to monitor growth and hormone levels during treatment?
A patient with diabetes insipidus is prescribed vasopressin. What assessment finding would indicate that the medication is effective?
A patient with diabetes insipidus is prescribed vasopressin. What assessment finding would indicate that the medication is effective?
A patient with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. Why is it important to instruct the patient to take levothyroxine on an empty stomach in the morning?
A patient with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. Why is it important to instruct the patient to take levothyroxine on an empty stomach in the morning?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed lispro insulin. What is the most important instruction for the nurse to emphasize to the patient?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed lispro insulin. What is the most important instruction for the nurse to emphasize to the patient?
A patient is prescribed isophane insulin (NPH). What patient teaching should the nurse emphasize regarding this medication?
A patient is prescribed isophane insulin (NPH). What patient teaching should the nurse emphasize regarding this medication?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on metformin therapy. What is the rationale for advising the patient to take metformin with food?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on metformin therapy. What is the rationale for advising the patient to take metformin with food?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed glipizide. What is the primary reason for using this medication?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed glipizide. What is the primary reason for using this medication?
A patient is prescribed prednisone. What is the rationale for the patient to avoid stopping this medication suddenly?
A patient is prescribed prednisone. What is the rationale for the patient to avoid stopping this medication suddenly?
A postmenopausal woman is prescribed estrogen. Why is it important to advise the patient not to smoke?
A postmenopausal woman is prescribed estrogen. Why is it important to advise the patient not to smoke?
A male patient is prescribed finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What should the nurse teach the patient?
A male patient is prescribed finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What should the nurse teach the patient?
A patient is prescribed latanoprost eye drops for glaucoma. What should an educational statement include regarding this medication?
A patient is prescribed latanoprost eye drops for glaucoma. What should an educational statement include regarding this medication?
Flashcards
Clonidine: Mechanism of Action
Clonidine: Mechanism of Action
Reduces norepinephrine release in the brain to lower blood pressure; treats hypertension, ADHD, and opioid withdrawal.
Carvedilol: Action
Carvedilol: Action
Blocks beta and alpha receptors, lowering heart rate and blood pressure; used for hypertension and heart failure.
Captopril: Action
Captopril: Action
Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; lowers blood pressure to protect the heart and kidneys.
Losartan: Action
Losartan: Action
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Hydralazine: Function
Hydralazine: Function
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Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin
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Diltiazem: Action
Diltiazem: Action
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Amlodipine: Action
Amlodipine: Action
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Lisinopril: Action
Lisinopril: Action
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Valsartan: Action
Valsartan: Action
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Digoxin: Action
Digoxin: Action
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Digoxin Immune Fab
Digoxin Immune Fab
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Adenosine: Action
Adenosine: Action
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Amiodarone: Action
Amiodarone: Action
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Atorvastatin: Action
Atorvastatin: Action
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Cholestyramine: Action
Cholestyramine: Action
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Ezetimibe: Action
Ezetimibe: Action
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Furosemide: Action
Furosemide: Action
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Mannitol: Action
Mannitol: Action
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Spironolactone: Action
Spironolactone: Action
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Epinephrine's receptor type
Epinephrine's receptor type
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Midodrine administration: Nurse's first action?
Midodrine administration: Nurse's first action?
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Positive chronotropic effect: expected outcome?
Positive chronotropic effect: expected outcome?
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Adrenergic Agonist Effect
Adrenergic Agonist Effect
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Dopamine: Administration Route
Dopamine: Administration Route
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Atenolol: Crucial teaching point?
Atenolol: Crucial teaching point?
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Nonselective beta-blockers: main contraindication?
Nonselective beta-blockers: main contraindication?
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Beta-blockers: embarrassing side effect?
Beta-blockers: embarrassing side effect?
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Beta-blockers post-MI: primary purpose?
Beta-blockers post-MI: primary purpose?
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Pregnancy: Contraindicated drug classes?
Pregnancy: Contraindicated drug classes?
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Asthma: preferred beta blocker?
Asthma: preferred beta blocker?
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Incorrect statement after diet review
Incorrect statement after diet review
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Diltiazem reasons?
Diltiazem reasons?
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Calcium channel blockers affect and decrease heart rate?
Calcium channel blockers affect and decrease heart rate?
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Hypertension in a client with MI
Hypertension in a client with MI
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Captopril first side effect?
Captopril first side effect?
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First-time antihypertensives: main precautions?
First-time antihypertensives: main precautions?
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Elevated K, Cough, angiodema causes?
Elevated K, Cough, angiodema causes?
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Propranolol: exercise difficulty, response?
Propranolol: exercise difficulty, response?
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Chemo IV: infiltration, priority action?
Chemo IV: infiltration, priority action?
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Clonidine: Class
Clonidine: Class
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Carvedilol: Patient Teaching
Carvedilol: Patient Teaching
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Captopril: Patient Teaching
Captopril: Patient Teaching
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Losartan: Patient Teaching
Losartan: Patient Teaching
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Hydralazine: Patient Teaching
Hydralazine: Patient Teaching
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Protamine
Protamine
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Warfarin
Warfarin
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Warfarin: Patient Teaching
Warfarin: Patient Teaching
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Aspirin: Patient Teaching
Aspirin: Patient Teaching
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Clopidogrel: Patient Teaching
Clopidogrel: Patient Teaching
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Atorvastatin: Patient Teaching
Atorvastatin: Patient Teaching
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Mannitol: Use
Mannitol: Use
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Hydrochlorothiazide: Teaching
Hydrochlorothiazide: Teaching
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Vasopressin: Teaching
Vasopressin: Teaching
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Levothyroxine: Teaching
Levothyroxine: Teaching
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Lispro: Patient Teaching
Lispro: Patient Teaching
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Oral antidiabetic that lowers blood sugar by reducing glucose production.
Oral antidiabetic that lowers blood sugar by reducing glucose production.
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Glipizide: Patient Teaching
Glipizide: Patient Teaching
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Prednisone: Patient Teaching
Prednisone: Patient Teaching
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Progesterone
Progesterone
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Increases blood flow to male genital area.
Increases blood flow to male genital area.
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Dipivefrin (Mydriatics)
Dipivefrin (Mydriatics)
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Reduces the production of fluid in the eye, lowering eye pressure.
Reduces the production of fluid in the eye, lowering eye pressure.
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Study Notes
Epinephrine
- Activates adrenergic receptors
Midodrine
- Administering midodrine at 2100 requires checking the client’s heart rate first
Medications Acting on Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Receptors
- Epinephrine acts on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Chronotropic Effect
- A drug with a positive chronotropic effect increases heart rate
Adrenergic Agonist Effects
- Adrenergic agonists are expected to cause bronchodilation
Dopamine Administration
- Administer dopamine via intravenous continuous infusion
Atenolol Teaching
- Teach clients not to abruptly stop taking atenolol
Nonselective Beta Blockers
- Asthma can cause serious problems in clients taking nonselective beta blockers
Beta Blockers and Erectile Dysfunction
- Impotence is a potential reason why patients stop taking beta blockers
Use of Beta Blockers Post-MI
- Beta-blockers are used post-myocardial infarction to protect the heart from circulating catecholamines
Contraindications of Pregnancy in Cardiovascular/Renal Drug Classes
- ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy
Asthma and Beta Blockers
- Atenolol, bisoprolol and esmolol are preferred over propranolol and labetalol in clients with asthma
Patient Teaching and Fiber Intake
- A client stating "I need to eliminate fiber from my diet" requires further teaching
Verapamil and diltiazem
- Verapamil and diltiazem are used to treat hypertension, prevent angina, and treat arrhythmias
Calcium Channel Blockers & Heart Rate
- Verapamil and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers that decrease heart rate
Hypertension Treatment After MI
- After a heart attack (MI), valsartan may be prescribed to treat hypertension
Captopril Assessment Priority
- The priority side effect of captopril to assess is cough
Initiating Blood Pressure Meds
- Falls are a primary precaution when administering blood pressure medication for the first time
Lisinopril and Related Findings
- Elevated potassium, angioedema, and cough suggest lisinopril use
Findings Indicating Hypertensive Crisis
- A blood pressure of 182/100 mm Hg accompanied by confusion, headache, and shortness of breath indicates a hypertensive crisis
Propranolol and Exercise
- Beta-blockers like propranolol slow the pulse rate and prevents it from increasing during exercise
Priority Action for IV Chemo Site Reaction
- The priority action for swelling, pain, and skin discoloration near an IV chemo insertion site is to stop the infusion
Cytotoxic Chemo Drugs
- Methotrexate, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine are medications that produce cytotoxic changes
Chemo Education/Blood Transfusions
- The client requires further education if they believe a blood transfusion will prevent future chemotherapy treatments
Monitoring Skin Cancer Chemo Treatment
- Alopecia, leukocytopenia, photosensitivity, and stomatitis are adverse effects to monitor for in skin cancer chemotherapy
Understanding Intraperitoneal Chemo
- The client demonstrates understanding of intraperitoneal chemotherapy by stating "This type of chemotherapy goes directly into a space in my abdomen"
Cisplatin Peripheral Vein Administration
- When administering cisplatin through a peripheral vein and the client reports tenderness at the IV site, the priority nursing intervention is to stop the infusion
Chemotherapy Side Effects
- Ondansetron is used for a side effect of chemotherapy
Bladder Cancer Chemo
- Hematochezia in a client receiving chemotherapy is the most concerning
Administering Chemo/PRN Analgesic
- Administer a prescribed PRN analgesic for a client who reports oral pain during chemotherapy, noting sores in the client's mouth
Shift Report - Chemo Patients
- A client reporting 100 mL output of black emesis and 112 beats/min requires immediate attention over temperatures of 98.6F or hemoglobin of 8.6 mg/dL
Expected Chemo Assessment Findings
- Hair loss, sores inside the mouth, papulopustular rash on the chest, and bruising of the gums are expected adverse effects of chemotherapy
Chemotherapy and Low Blood Cell Count
- For a blood cell count of 3x109/L in a client receiving chemotherapy, filgrastim is administered
Restoring Red Blood Cell Production
- Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production after chemotherapy
Pancreatic Cancer & Neutrophil Count
- For a client with an absolute neutrophil count of 0.45x109/L, the nurse intervenes when unlicensed assistive personnel place flowers from family at the bedside
Changes with Corticosteroids
- With high doses of corticosteroids, monitor salt and water balance, blood pressure, and immune function
Cushings & Corticosteroids
- The cortex is where corticosteroids are made
Contraindications of Corticosteriods
- Long-term corticosteroid therapy is reconsidered for a young adult client with bronchial asthma
Thinning & Corticosteriods
- This is a common side effect and your medication needs adjustment
Parent/Child Diabetes Teaching
- "I understand that children develop Type 1 diabetes, while adults have Type 2" requires further teaching
Glyburide Instructions
- Glyburide will reduce blood glucose levels whether they are high or low is an important instruction
Medications & Nateglinide
- Client not responding to glipizide, discontinued and replaced by repaglinide is the medication to reconsider
Potential teaching for Incretin and Amylin Mimetics
- Digestion problems
- Hypoglycemia
- Poor absorption of oral medications
Metformin Adverse Reactions
- Muscle Pain
- Unusual drowsiness
- Hyperventilation
- Unusual thirst
Increased Risk of Stroke/MI/Testosterone
- There is an increased risk of stroke when using testosterone therapy
- There is an increased risk of myocardial infarction when using testosterone therapy
Side Effects of Topical Testosterone
- Your condition is probably caused by contact with testosterone gel
Diabetes, Deppresion and Erectile Dysfunction
- Sildenafil is most appropriate for the treatment of erectile dysfunction
Risks of Estrogen Therapy
- The increased risk of deep vein thrombosis is a significant concern
Harmful Side Effects of Estrogen/Progestin Therapy
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Breast Cancer
- Stroke
Oral Contraceptives - Potential Side Effects
- The risk of developing clots increases when you take a combination oral contraceptive
- Combined OCs are contraindicated if you have migraines and auras due to the risk of stroke
- Combination OCs suppress ovulation
Clonidine (Alphaâ‚‚ Agonists)
- Reduces norepinephrine in the brain, lowering blood pressure
- Treats high blood pressure, ADHD, and opioid withdrawal
- Contraindicated in severe heart disease and low blood pressure
- Adverse effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, low blood pressure, constipation
- Don’t stop abruptly and take at night
- Available in oral and transdermal patch routes
Carvedilol (Dual Action Beta/Alpha-Blocker)
- Blocks beta and alpha receptors, lowering heart rate and blood pressure
- Treats high blood pressure, heart failure, and reduces heart attack risk
- Contraindicated in asthma, severe heart block, and severe liver disease
- Adverse effects: dizziness, fatigue, low blood pressure, bradycardia
- Monitor blood pressure regularly and avoid sudden position changes
- Administered orally
Captopril (ACE Inhibitor)
- Blocks angiotensin I to angiotensin II conversion, lowering blood pressure
- Treats high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney protection
- Contraindicated in angioedema history, pregnancy, and severe kidney disease
- Adverse effects: cough, elevated potassium, low blood pressure, dizziness
- Report persistent cough, monitor potassium, and stay hydrated
- Administered orally
Losartan (ARBs)
- Blocks angiotensin II effects, relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure
- Treats high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney protection
- Contraindicated in pregnancy and severe kidney disease
- Adverse effects: dizziness, headache, elevated potassium, low blood pressure
- Monitor blood pressure and avoid potassium-rich foods
- Administered orally
- Has fewer side effects compared to ACE inhibitors
Hydralazine (Vasodilators)
- Relaxes blood vessels, improving heart efficiency and lowering blood pressure
- Treats severe hypertension and heart failure
- Contraindicated in coronary artery disease and lupus
- Adverse effects: dizziness, headache, rapid heartbeat, fluid retention
- Monitor blood pressure and take with food
- Available in oral and injection routes
Nitroglycerin (Nitrates)
- Relaxes blood vessels, easing blood flow and reducing heart workload
- Treats chest pain (angina) and heart failure
- Contraindicated in severe hypotension and use of erectile dysfunction drugs
- Adverse effects: headache, dizziness, low blood pressure, flushing
- Take during angina, sit or lie down, and avoid erectile dysfunction drugs
- Available in sublingual, transdermal, oral, and IV routes
Diltiazem (Calcium Channel Blockers)
- Blocks calcium entry into heart and blood vessel cells, relaxing vessels and reducing heart rate
- Treats hypertension, angina, and some arrhythmias
- Contraindicated in severe heart failure, low blood pressure, and heart block
- Adverse effects: dizziness, swelling, constipation, headache
- Avoid grapefruit juice and monitor for swelling or dizziness
- Available in oral and IV routes
- Commonly used for arrhythmias
Amlodipine (Calcium Channel Blockers)
- Relaxes blood vessels and reduces heart workload
- Treats high blood pressure and angina
- Contraindicated in severe heart failure
- Adverse effects: swelling in the ankles, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations
- Take at the same time each day and monitor for swelling
- Administered orally
- Has a long half-life, allowing once-daily dosing
Lisinopril (ACE Inhibitors)
- Blocks angiotensin I to angiotensin II conversion
- Treats high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney protection
- Contraindicated in pregnancy and angioedema history
- Adverse effects: persistent cough, elevated potassium, dizziness, low blood pressure
- Take on an empty stomach and monitor for a persistent cough
- Administered orally
- One of the most commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors
Valsartan (ARBs)
- Blocks angiotensin II, relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure
- Treats high blood pressure and heart failure
- Contraindicated in pregnancy and severe kidney problems
- Adverse effects: dizziness, headache, elevated potassium, low blood pressure
- Take as prescribed and monitor blood pressure regularly
- Administered orally
- Causes fewer side effects like coughing compared to ACE inhibitors
Digoxin (Cardiac Glycosides)
- Increases heart contraction strength and slows heart rate
- Treats heart failure and certain arrhythmias
- Contraindicated in ventricular arrhythmias and severe kidney disease
- Adverse effects: Digoxin toxicity (nausea, vomiting, vision changes), arrhythmias
- Monitor pulse regularly and report toxicity signs
- Available in oral and IV routes
- Requires regular monitoring of blood levels
Digoxin Immune Fab (Cardiac Glycosides)
- Antidote for digoxin toxicity
- Binds to digoxin, inactivating it
- Treats severe digoxin toxicity
- Contraindicated in hypersensitivity
- Adverse effects: Allergic reactions, serum sickness, abnormal heart rhythms
- Report any allergic reactions immediately
- Administered via IV
Adenosine (Antidysrhythmic)
- Slows electrical conduction in the heart to restore normal rhythm
- Treats supraventricular tachycardia
- Contraindicated in severe heart block and low blood pressure
- Adverse effects: Shortness of breath, chest pain, flushing, dizziness
- May feel brief chest discomfort during administration
- Administered as a rapid IV push
- Has a very short half-life
Amiodarone (Antidysrhythmic)
- Slows heart rate and stabilizes abnormal heart rhythms via electrical impulses
- Treats life-threatening arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular fibrillation)
- Contraindicated in severe heart block, lung disease, and pregnancy
- Adverse effects: Lung toxicity, liver damage, thyroid problems, vision changes
- Monitor for breathing problems and vision changes
- Available in oral and IV routes
- Can be used for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
Enoxaparin (Anticoagulants)
- Inhibits clot formation
- Prevents blood clots (e.g., DVT, PE)
- Contraindicated in active bleeding and low platelet count
- Adverse effects: Bleeding, injection site reactions
- Report any unusual bleeding or bruising
- Administered subcutaneously
- Often used for short-term anticoagulation
Heparin (Anticoagulants)
- Inhibits clotting factors to prevent blood clots
- Prevents and treats blood clots
- Contraindicated in active bleeding and severe hypertension
- Adverse effects: Bleeding, thrombocytopenia
- Report signs of bleeding immediately
- Available in IV and subcutaneous routes
- Requires frequent monitoring of clotting times
Protamine (Heparin Antidote)
- Neutralizes heparin's effect
- Reverses heparin overdose
- Contraindications: None when used for heparin overdose
- Adverse effects: Allergic reactions, low blood pressure
- Used in hospitals only
- Administered via IV
Warfarin (Anticoagulants)
- Inhibits vitamin K, essential for clotting factors
- Prevents clots in patients with atrial fibrillation, post-surgery, etc.
- Contraindicated in active bleeding and pregnancy
- Adverse effects: Bleeding, bruising
- Maintain consistent diet and report signs of bleeding
- Requires regular blood tests (INR)
- Administered orally
Vitamin K (Warfarin Antidote)
- Reverses the effects of warfarin by promoting clotting factor production
- Treats warfarin overdose
- Contraindications: None when used to reverse warfarin
- Adverse effects: Rare allergic reactions
- Rarely used outside of emergency settings
- Administered via IV or subcutaneously
Aspirin (Antiplatelets)
- Inhibits platelets from clumping together
- Prevents heart attacks, strokes, and clots
- Contraindicated in active bleeding and history of ulcers
- Adverse effects: Stomach upset, bleeding
- Take with food to avoid stomach irritation
- Administered orally
- Commonly used for heart disease prevention
Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet)
- Prevents platelets from sticking together
- Prevents clots in cardiovascular disease
- Contraindicated in active bleeding and certain blood disorders
- Adverse effects: Bleeding, bruising
- Monitor for any unusual bleeding
- Administered orally
- Often used after stent placement
Alteplase (Thrombolytic)
- Breaks down blood clots
- Treats acute heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism
- Contraindicated in active bleeding and recent surgery
- Adverse effects: Bleeding, allergic reactions
- Closely monitored during administration
- Given in emergency settings to dissolve clots quickly
- Administered via IV
Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - Statins)
- Reduces cholesterol production in the liver
- Lowers cholesterol and reduces the risk of heart attack or stroke
- Contraindicated in liver disease, pregnancy, and breastfeeding
- Adverse effects: Muscle pain, liver damage, digestive problems
- Avoid grapefruit juice, monitor for muscle pain, and take at night
- Administered orally
- One of the most commonly prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs
Cholestyramine (Bile Acid Sequestrants)
- Binds to bile acids in the intestines, lowering cholesterol levels
- Lowers cholesterol levels in the blood
- Contraindicated in bowel obstructions and certain types of high cholesterol
- Adverse effects: Constipation, bloating, nausea
- Take with plenty of water, may cause constipation, take other medications 1 hour before or 4 hours after
- Administered orally (powder form mixed with water)
- Often used when statins are not effective or not tolerated
Ezetimibe (Miscellaneous Antilipemic Drugs)
- Reduces cholesterol absorption in the intestines
- Lowers cholesterol levels, often used with statins
- Contraindicated in liver disease and pregnancy
- Adverse effects: Diarrhea, stomach pain, liver problems
- Report unusual abdominal pain or yellowing of skin
- Administered orally
- Can be used in combination with statins for more effective cholesterol control
Furosemide (Loop Diuretics)
- Inhibits salt and water reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting urine production
- Treats fluid retention (edema) and high blood pressure
- Contraindicated in severe kidney disease and dehydration
- Adverse effects: Low potassium, dehydration, low blood pressure
- Monitor for dehydration, avoid potassium loss (eat potassium-rich foods), take in the morning
- Available in oral and IV routes
- Often used in hospital settings for rapid fluid removal
Mannitol (Osmotic Diuretics)
- Increases blood plasma volume and promotes fluid loss through the kidneys
- Reduces swelling and pressure in the brain and eyes, and treats kidney failure
- Contraindicated in severe kidney disease and dehydration
- Adverse effects: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, heart failure
- Monitor for signs of dehydration and avoid sudden position changes
- Administered via IV
- Often used in emergency situations to treat increased intracranial pressure
Spironolactone (Potassium-Sparing Diuretics)
- Blocks aldosterone, increasing urine production
- Treats high blood pressure, heart failure, and conditions with excess aldosterone
- Contraindicated in hyperkalemia and severe kidney dysfunction
- Adverse effects: High potassium, dizziness, gynecomastia
- Monitor for high potassium (avoid potassium supplements) and report any breast tenderness or enlargement.
- Administered orally
- Helps to avoid low potassium, unlike other diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ - Thiazide Diuretics)
- Blocks sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, increasing urine output
- Treats high blood pressure and edema
- Contraindicated in severe kidney disease and dehydration
- Adverse effects: Low potassium, dehydration, dizziness
- Take in the morning, monitor for low potassium, and stay hydrated
- Administered orally
- Often the first line treatment for high blood pressure
Somatropin (Pituitary Drugs)
- Stimulates growth
- Treats growth hormone deficiency
- Contraindicated in severe obesity and respiratory problems
- Adverse effects: Swelling, joint pain, muscle pain
- Monitor growth and hormone levels
- Administer as directed, often by injection, and monitor for side effects
- Administered via subcutaneous injection
Vasopressin (Pituitary Drugs)
- Helps the kidneys retain water and maintain blood pressure
- Treats diabetes insipidus, low blood pressure, and certain types of bleeding
- Contraindicated in high blood pressure and heart disease
- Adverse effects: Water retention, increased blood pressure
- Watch for signs of water retention, such as swelling or weight gain
- Available in IV, subcutaneous, and intranasal routes
- Can also be used in emergency situations to control bleeding
Levothyroxine (Thyroid-Replacement Drugs)
- Replaces thyroid hormone
- Treats hypothyroidism
- Contraindicated in thyroid hormone toxicity, acute heart problems
- Adverse effects: Hyperthyroidism symptoms, hair loss, sweating
- Take on an empty stomach in the morning and avoid taking with calcium or iron supplements
- Administered orally (tablet)
- Commonly prescribed for people with low thyroid hormone levels
Lispro (Insulin)
- Helps the body use sugar by promoting its uptake into cells
- Controls blood sugar in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- Contraindicated in hypoglycemia
- Adverse effects: Low blood sugar, weight gain, swelling
- Monitor blood sugar regularly and watch for signs of low blood sugar
- Administered via subcutaneous injection
- Fast-acting insulin, often used with meals
Regular Insulin
- Lowers blood sugar by helping sugar enter the cells
- Controls high blood sugar in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- Contraindicated in hypoglycemia
- Adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, swelling, allergic reactions
- Monitor blood sugar levels closely and take before meals
- Administered via subcutaneous injection
- Takes longer to work compared to rapid-acting insulins
Isophane (NPH) Insulin
- Helps control blood sugar by promoting sugar uptake into cells
- Manages blood sugar levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- Contraindicated in hypoglycemia
- Adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, injection site reactions
- Take at the same time each day and monitor blood sugar
- Administered via subcutaneous injection
- Can be used in combination with other insulin types for long-lasting control
Glargine (Insulin)
- Provides a steady release of insulin to maintain blood sugar levels over time
- Manages diabetes, particularly for long-term blood sugar control
- Contraindicated in hypoglycemia
- Adverse effects: Low blood sugar, weight gain, allergic reactions
- Do not mix with other insulins and monitor for signs of low blood sugar
- Administered via subcutaneous injection
- Provides 24-hour blood sugar control with one daily dose
Metformin (Biguanides)
- Lowers blood sugar by reducing liver glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity
- Manages type 2 diabetes
- Contraindicated in severe kidney disease and acidosis
- Adverse effects: Stomach upset, lactic acidosis (rare), diarrhea
- Take with food to avoid stomach upset and monitor kidney function regularly
- Administered orally
- First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, does not cause weight gain
Glipizide (Sulfonylureas)
- Stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin
- Treats type 2 diabetes
- Contraindicated in hypoglycemia, kidney or liver disease
- Adverse effects: Low blood sugar, weight gain, gastrointestinal issues
- Take with meals and monitor blood sugar for signs of hypoglycemia
- Administered orally
- Often used when metformin alone doesn’t control blood sugar
Sitagliptin (Incretin Mimetics)
- Increases insulin release in response to meals and decreases liver glucose production
- Manages type 2 diabetes
- Contraindicated in severe kidney disease
- Adverse effects: Headache, upper respiratory tract infections, low blood sugar
- Can be taken with or without food and monitor for signs of low blood sugar
- Administered orally
- Works by enhancing the body’s own incretin system, which helps regulate blood sugar
Prednisone (Adrenal Drugs)
- Reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune system
- Treats inflammation, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and certain cancers
- Contraindicated in fungal infections and active tuberculosis
- Adverse effects: Weight gain, high blood sugar, mood swings, osteoporosis
- Take with food, avoid stopping suddenly, and monitor for side effects like increased blood sugar
- Administered orally
- Often used for short-term flare-ups of chronic conditions
Estrogen (Female Sex Hormones)
- Replaces estrogen
- Used for menopausal symptoms, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and certain types of cancer
- Contraindicated in estrogen-dependent cancers and blood clots
- Adverse effects: Nausea, weight gain, blood clots
- Take as prescribed and do not smoke while on therapy due to increased clot risk
- Available in oral and transdermal patch routes
- Often combined with progesterone in hormone replacement therapy
Progesterone (Female Sex Hormones)
- Balances estrogen
- Used in hormone replacement therapy and to prevent miscarriage in certain pregnancies
- Contraindicated in liver disease, blood clots, and pregnancy-related conditions
- Adverse effects: Headache, breast tenderness, changes in menstrual cycle
- Take as prescribed and monitor for any signs of blood clotting
- Available in oral and intramuscular injection routes
- Often combined with estrogen in therapy to balance effects
Sildenafil (Androgens)
- Increases blood flow to the penis by relaxing blood vessels
- Treats erectile dysfunction
- Contraindicated in nitrates and severe heart or liver problems
- Adverse effects: Headache, flushing, dizziness, vision changes
- Take as needed, avoid alcohol, and report any vision or hearing changes
- Administered orally
- Often known by the brand name Viagra
Finasteride (Androgens)
- Reduces the size of the prostate by blocking the conversion of testosterone
- Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness
- Contraindicated in pregnancy (can harm a male fetus)
- Adverse effects: Sexual dysfunction, breast tenderness, depression
- Women should not handle crushed tablets; may take several months for full effect
- Administered orally
- Can also help reduce the risk of prostate cancer
Testosterone (Androgens)
- Replaces or supplements testosterone
- Used for testosterone replacement therapy in men with low testosterone levels
- Contraindicated in prostate cancer and severe liver disease
- Adverse effects: Increased red blood cell count, liver issues, mood changes
- Monitor for signs of aggression or mood changes, avoid using in women or children
- Available in injection, transdermal patch, and gel routes
Dipivefrin (Mydriatics)
- Dilates the pupils to allow better access to the back of the eye
- Used for eye exams and to reduce eye pressure in glaucoma
- Contraindicated in glaucoma with narrow-angle
- Adverse effects: Eye irritation, headache, blurred vision
- Use as directed, avoid touching the tip of the dropper to avoid contamination
- Administered via eye drops
- Often used in ophthalmic procedures
Latanoprost (Prostaglandin Agonists)
- Increases fluid drainage from the eye to lower eye pressure
- Treats glaucoma
- Contraindicated in eye infection and pregnancy
- Adverse effects: Eye irritation, eyelash growth, change in iris color
- Use at the same time every day and remove contact lenses before applying
- Administered via eye drops
- Helps lower intraocular pressure to prevent vision loss
Dorzolamide (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors)
- Reduces the production of fluid in the eye, lowering eye pressure
- Treats glaucoma
- Contraindicated in severe kidney disease
- Adverse effects: Eye irritation, bitter taste, headache
- Apply as directed, avoid contact with the dropper tip
- Administered via eye drops
- Often used in combination with other glaucoma medications
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