Questions and Answers
What are Alpha1 blockers?
Drugs that primarily cause arterial and venous dilation through their action on peripheral sympathetic neurons.
Which of the following are categorized as antihypertensive drugs? (Select all that apply)
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle.
What are centrally acting adrenergic drugs?
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What is essential hypertension?
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What is hypertension?
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What is orthostatic hypotension?
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What is a prodrug?
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What is secondary hypertension?
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What is the formula for blood pressure?
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What is the primary indication for the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?
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Which class of drugs is prescribed for a patient who experiences exertional angina?
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What is the primary cause of ischemic heart disease?
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What should be the best nursing intervention if a patient feels dizzy after taking sublingual nitroglycerin for chest pain?
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Study Notes
Alpha1 Blockers
- Cause arterial and venous dilation by acting on peripheral sympathetic neurons.
Antihypertensive Drugs
- Treat hypertension through various categories:
- Adrenergic drugs
- ACE inhibitors
- ARBs
- Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
- Diuretics
- Vasodilators
- Direct renin inhibitors
Cardiac Output
- The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle.
Centrally Acting Adrenergic Drugs
- Modify sympathetic nervous system function by stimulating alpha2 receptors, leading to decreased blood pressure due to their inhibitory effect.
Essential Hypertension
- Elevated systemic arterial pressure without a known cause, also referred to as primary or idiopathic hypertension.
Hypertension
- A prevalent condition characterized by high blood pressure:
- SBP exceeds 150 mm Hg or DBP exceeds 90 mm Hg for patients over 60.
- SBP over 140 mm Hg and DBP over 90 mm Hg for younger patients, or those with chronic kidney disease or diabetes.
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Sudden drop in blood pressure upon changing position, common with adrenergic-blocking drugs.
Prodrug
- An inactive drug that requires metabolism (usually by the liver) to become active.
Secondary Hypertension
- Elevated blood pressure resulting from another condition like renal, pulmonary, endocrine, or vascular diseases.
Blood Pressure Equation
- Calculated using the formula: cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance.
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
- Primary indication is to decrease the workload of the heart by reducing afterload and promoting muscle relaxation.
- Not typically used to prolong the QT interval or treat acute myocardial infarction.
Exertional Angina Treatment
- Beta blockers are prescribed as they effectively decrease heart rate and blood pressure during exercise, lowering myocardial oxygen demand.
Primary Cause of Ischemic Heart Disease
- Atherosclerosis, characterized by fatty plaque deposits in coronary arteries leading to ischemic heart disease.
Nursing Intervention for Chest Pain
- If a patient taking sublingual nitroglycerin feels dizzy and continues to have pain after 10 minutes, the best intervention is to apply a nitroglycerin patch for continued relief.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key pharmacological concepts with this flashcard quiz for Exam 3 at TAMUCC. Focus on essential terms such as alpha1 blockers and antihypertensive drugs, along with their classifications and effects. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of pharmacology.
