Immunology

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What is a primary characteristic of the Fab fragment?

Contains only one heavy chain

Has no immunogenic properties when isolated

Can bind to an epitope (correct)

Triggers the complement cascade

Which of the following statements about the Fc fragment is true?

It spontaneously crystallizes at 37°C

It is critical for complement fixation (correct)

It has no role in opsonization

It contains both heavy and light chains only

Which structural feature is unique to the Fab region of antibodies?

It is immunogenic when isolated

It contains an antigen-binding site (correct)

It includes a constant fragment

It has two heavy chains

What role does an adjuvant play in immune responses?

It enhances the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is an epitope in immunology?

An antigenic determinant that binds antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity is primarily associated with IgE antibodies?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is most commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity?

Anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which mediator is associated with Type II hypersensitivity reactions?

IgM or IgG Signup and view all the answers

Type IV hypersensitivity is characterized by which of the following?

Delayed-type response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disorder associated with Type II hypersensitivity?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Mast cell degranulation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with complement-mediated cytotoxicity?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trigger for an exaggerated immune response in hypersensitivity?

Harmless antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic triad related to Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome?

Thrombocytopenia, Immunodeficiency, Eczema Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for the early stage of immunity?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is conferred by vaccination with Tetanus toxoid?

Artificial Active Immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for the humoral response in acquired immunity?

B Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the defect in Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome?

Defects in both Class I and Class II MHC Antigens Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE?

Type I Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What component is considered a potent opsonin?

C3b Signup and view all the answers

Which primary lymphoid organ is responsible for the maturation of T cells?

Thymus Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is associated with abnormal fusion of primary granules leading to impaired degranulation?

Chediak Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?

Albinism Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency is characterized by lazy chemotaxis due to defective actin dysfunction?

Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which B-Lymphocyte deficiency accounts for more than half of all immunodeficiencies?

X-linked Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of DiGeorge Syndrome?

Sex-linked inheritance Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is defined by a deficiency in chemotactic response due to a lack of tuftsin?

Tuftsin Deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following deficiencies is NOT classified as a B-Lymphocyte deficiency?

Chronic Granulomatous Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily associated with an increased prevalence of allergic reactions and high IgE levels?

HyperIgE Syndrome (Job syndrome) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of complement proteins in humoral immunity?

Enhance the effect of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What role does lysozyme play in the immune system?

Exhibits antibacterial activity Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is known for its bactericidal and viricidal effects?

Properdin Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are interferons, and what is their primary action?

Glycoproteins with antiviral activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'acute phase reactants'?

Plasma proteins that increase during inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process responsible for generating diversity in antigen receptors?

Somatic recombination Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are primarily involved in immune surveillance?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major function of interleukins in the immune system?

Provide antibacterial activity Signup and view all the answers