Immunology
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of the Fab fragment?

  • Contains only one heavy chain
  • Has no immunogenic properties when isolated
  • Can bind to an epitope (correct)
  • Triggers the complement cascade
  • Which of the following statements about the Fc fragment is true?

  • It spontaneously crystallizes at 37°C
  • It is critical for complement fixation (correct)
  • It has no role in opsonization
  • It contains both heavy and light chains only
  • Which structural feature is unique to the Fab region of antibodies?

  • It is immunogenic when isolated
  • It contains an antigen-binding site (correct)
  • It includes a constant fragment
  • It has two heavy chains
  • What role does an adjuvant play in immune responses?

    <p>It enhances the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an epitope in immunology?

    <p>An antigenic determinant that binds antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity is primarily associated with IgE antibodies?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is most commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity?

    <p>Anaphylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator is associated with Type II hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>IgM or IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type IV hypersensitivity is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Delayed-type response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disorder associated with Type II hypersensitivity?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Mast cell degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with complement-mediated cytotoxicity?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trigger for an exaggerated immune response in hypersensitivity?

    <p>Harmless antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic triad related to Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia, Immunodeficiency, Eczema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for the early stage of immunity?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is conferred by vaccination with Tetanus toxoid?

    <p>Artificial Active Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily responsible for the humoral response in acquired immunity?

    <p>B Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect in Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome?

    <p>Defects in both Class I and Class II MHC Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE?

    <p>Type I Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is considered a potent opsonin?

    <p>C3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary lymphoid organ is responsible for the maturation of T cells?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is associated with abnormal fusion of primary granules leading to impaired degranulation?

    <p>Chediak Higashi Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)?

    <p>Albinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency is characterized by lazy chemotaxis due to defective actin dysfunction?

    <p>Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which B-Lymphocyte deficiency accounts for more than half of all immunodeficiencies?

    <p>X-linked Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of DiGeorge Syndrome?

    <p>Sex-linked inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is defined by a deficiency in chemotactic response due to a lack of tuftsin?

    <p>Tuftsin Deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following deficiencies is NOT classified as a B-Lymphocyte deficiency?

    <p>Chronic Granulomatous Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily associated with an increased prevalence of allergic reactions and high IgE levels?

    <p>HyperIgE Syndrome (Job syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of complement proteins in humoral immunity?

    <p>Enhance the effect of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does lysozyme play in the immune system?

    <p>Exhibits antibacterial activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is known for its bactericidal and viricidal effects?

    <p>Properdin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are interferons, and what is their primary action?

    <p>Glycoproteins with antiviral activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the term 'acute phase reactants'?

    <p>Plasma proteins that increase during inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process responsible for generating diversity in antigen receptors?

    <p>Somatic recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are primarily involved in immune surveillance?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major function of interleukins in the immune system?

    <p>Provide antibacterial activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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