Functions of a Router
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Questions and Answers

What is a key component of a router's operating system?

  • Linux Kernel
  • Mac OS
  • Cisco IOS (correct)
  • Windows Server

    • What is the primary function of a router in a network?

  • To connect multiple networks (correct)
  • To manage network storage
  • To provide network security
  • To provide wireless connectivity

    • How does a router determine the best path for forwarding packets?

  • Randomly selecting a path
  • Using its routing table and forwarding packets based on the best path (correct)
  • Using a dynamic routing protocol
  • Using a static routing table

    • What is the purpose of a router's routing table?

    <p>To store static routes and dynamic routing protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fastest and preferred packet-forwarding mechanism in Cisco IOS?

    <p>Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are IP addresses typically assigned to hosts in a small network?

    <p>Statically assigned by an administrator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a default gateway in a network?

    <p>To forward packets to other networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory do routers utilize?

    <p>RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, and hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which most hosts acquire their IP address information?

    <p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a console cable in connecting devices?

    <p>To connect devices for console access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metric used by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) to determine the distance to a network?

    <p>Cost based on cumulative bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a router has two or more paths to a destination with equal cost metrics?

    <p>The router forwards packets using both paths equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Administrative Distance in a router?

    <p>To determine the trustworthiness of a route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when multiple paths to a destination are configured on a router with different Administrative Distances?

    <p>The router installs the path with the lowest Administrative Distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a routing protocol?

    <p>To determine the best path to a destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metric is used by Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to determine the distance to a network?

    <p>Hop count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of static routing in terms of network security?

    <p>It does not advertise routes over the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following IPv4 routing protocols is not supported by Cisco ISR routers?

    <p>BGP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why static routing does not scale well with growing networks?

    <p>It requires complete knowledge of the whole network for proper implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of static routing in smaller networks?

    <p>Providing ease of routing table maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following IPv6 routing protocols is not supported by Cisco ISR routers?

    <p>BGP4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of static routing in terms of network maintenance?

    <p>It requires administrator intervention to maintain changing route information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between static and dynamic routing protocols?

    <p>Static routes are manually entered, while dynamic routes are automatically learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it recommended to use static routing?

    <p>In smaller networks that are not expected to grow significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as the amount of time it takes for routers within the network to forward routing information?

    <p>Speed of propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of routing protocols is used for routing within an Autonomous System (AS)?

    <p>Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routing protocols is an advanced version of distance vector routing?

    <p>EIGRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Distance Vector routing protocols?

    <p>To use routers as sign posts along the path to the final destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is an obsolete, Cisco proprietary protocol?

    <p>IGRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between IGP and EGP routing protocols?

    <p>IGP is used for routing within an AS, while EGP is used for routing between AS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about RIP?

    <p>RIP is a distance vector routing protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the distance in Distance Vector routing protocols?

    <p>To determine the hop count to the destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a stub network?

    <p>It has a single route to reach the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a default static route?

    <p>To send traffic to any destination beyond the next upstream router.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination IPv4 address of a default static route?

    <p>0.0.0.0/0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a floating static route?

    <p>To provide a backup path to a primary static or dynamic route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of route when configuring IPv4 static routes?

    <p>The next hop IP address and exit interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a next-hop route?

    <p>Only the next-hop IP address is specified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a floating static route configured with a higher administrative distance?

    <p>To make it a backup route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a summary static route?

    <p>To summarize several contiguous networks as one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Routers

    • Routers are specialized computers containing a CPU, OS, memory, and storage.
    • They use Cisco IOS as their operating system.

    Functions of a Router

    • Routers can connect multiple networks with multiple interfaces, each on a different IP network.
    • Routers determine the best path to send packets using their routing table.
    • They forward packets toward their destination, encapsulating the packet and forwarding it out.
    • Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables.

    Packet Forwarding Methods

    • Process switching: an older packet forwarding mechanism.
    • Fast switching: a common packet forwarding mechanism that uses a fast-switching cache to store next hop information.
    • Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF): the most recent, fastest, and preferred Cisco IOS packet-forwarding mechanism.

    Connect Devices

    • To enable IP on a host, a static IP address can be manually assigned, or a dynamic IP address can be assigned using DHCP.
    • DNS server IP address can also be assigned.

    Console Access

    • Console access requires a console cable and terminal emulation software.

    Path Determination

    • The best path is selected by a routing protocol based on the value or metric it uses to determine the distance to reach a network.
    • Metrics used to measure distance include hop count, cost based on cumulative bandwidth, and bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability.

    Load Balancing

    • When a router has two or more paths to a destination with equal cost metrics, it forwards packets using both paths equally.

    Administrative Distance

    • The path installed in the routing table is the one with the best (lowest) Administrative Distance.
    • Administrative Distance is the "trustworthiness" of the route.

    Dynamic Routing Protocols

    • IPv4 routing protocols supported by Cisco ISR routers include EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP.
    • IPv6 routing protocols supported by Cisco ISR routers include RIPng, OSPF v3, EIGRP for IPv6, and MP-BGP4.

    Static Routing

    • A router can learn about remote networks using static routes or dynamic routing protocols.
    • Static routes provide some advantages over dynamic routing, including better security, less bandwidth usage, and known paths.

    Why Use Static Routing?

    • Static routing has advantages, including better security, less bandwidth usage, and known paths.
    • However, it has disadvantages, including time-consuming configuration and maintenance, error-prone configuration, and requiring complete knowledge of the whole network.

    When to Use Static Routes

    • Static routing has three primary uses: providing ease of routing table maintenance in smaller networks, routing to and from stub networks, and using a single default route to represent a path to any network.

    Types of Static Routes

    • Default static route: a route that matches all packets, identifying the gateway IP address to which the router sends all IP packets.
    • Summary static route: a static route that summarizes several contiguous networks as one route.
    • Floating static route: a static route that provides a backup path to a primary static or dynamic route in the event of a link failure.

    Configure IPv4 Static Routes

    • Next-hop options: the next hop can be identified by an IP address, exit interface, or both.

    Types of Routing Protocols

    • IGP and EGP routing protocols: Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) are used for routing within an AS, while Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP) are used for routing between AS.
    • Distance vector routing protocols: RIPv1, RIPv2, IGRP, and EIGRP.
    • Distance vector protocols use routers as sign posts along the path to the final destination.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basic components and functions of a router, including its role in interconnecting multiple networks. Learn about the CPU, OS, memory, and storage of a router.

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