Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended storage temperature for the Pentavalent vaccine?
What is the recommended storage temperature for the Pentavalent vaccine?
- -15°C to -25°C
- Room temperature
- Below 0°C
- +2°C to +8°C (correct)
At what age should the first dose of Pneumococcal vaccine be administered?
At what age should the first dose of Pneumococcal vaccine be administered?
- 14 weeks old
- 10 weeks old
- 2 weeks old
- 6 weeks old (correct)
How many doses of the Oral Polio Vaccine are recommended?
How many doses of the Oral Polio Vaccine are recommended?
- 3 doses (correct)
- 4 doses
- 2 doses
- 1 dose
What is the route of administration for the Inactivated Polio Vaccine?
What is the route of administration for the Inactivated Polio Vaccine?
What is the interval for administering the doses of the Oral Polio Vaccine?
What is the interval for administering the doses of the Oral Polio Vaccine?
Which muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injection of the vaccines?
Which muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injection of the vaccines?
What is the age for the booster dose of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine?
What is the age for the booster dose of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine?
Which of the following vaccines is stored at -15°C to -25°C?
Which of the following vaccines is stored at -15°C to -25°C?
What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization?
What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization?
What does the Presidential Decree 996 enforce?
What does the Presidential Decree 996 enforce?
Which vaccine is administered at birth according to the routine immunization schedule?
Which vaccine is administered at birth according to the routine immunization schedule?
Which law specifically mandates compulsory Hepatitis B immunization?
Which law specifically mandates compulsory Hepatitis B immunization?
What is the storage temperature for vaccines in the refrigerator?
What is the storage temperature for vaccines in the refrigerator?
What goal does the Expanded Program on Immunization NOT include?
What goal does the Expanded Program on Immunization NOT include?
What is the minimum number of doses for the BCG vaccine?
What is the minimum number of doses for the BCG vaccine?
Where is the Hepatitis B vaccine administered?
Where is the Hepatitis B vaccine administered?
At what temperature should the measles vaccine be stored?
At what temperature should the measles vaccine be stored?
What is the requirement for administering ROTA vaccine when OPV has been given?
What is the requirement for administering ROTA vaccine when OPV has been given?
Which of the following statements about vaccines administered simultaneously is correct?
Which of the following statements about vaccines administered simultaneously is correct?
What age is the recommended time to receive the first dose of the MMR vaccine?
What age is the recommended time to receive the first dose of the MMR vaccine?
What is a critical point to remember about administering BCG vaccine?
What is a critical point to remember about administering BCG vaccine?
Which condition can prevent the administration of a vaccine according to critical points?
Which condition can prevent the administration of a vaccine according to critical points?
Which of the following vaccines is a live attenuated vaccine?
Which of the following vaccines is a live attenuated vaccine?
What is the proper dosage for the measles vaccine?
What is the proper dosage for the measles vaccine?
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Study Notes
Laws Related to Vaccines
- Presidential Decree 996: Establishes compulsory immunization for children under 8 years.
- Republic Act 7846: Mandates Hepatitis B immunization.
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
- Introduced the MICHI Act, which updates immunization practices and compliance.
Old Vaccines Updates
- Vaccines included in the old EPI:
- BCG
- Rotavirus
- Hepatitis B
- Pentavalent
- DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)
- MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
- OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
- Measles
Specific Goals of EPI
- Immunize all children against vaccine-preventable diseases.
- Maintain polio-free status in the Philippines.
- Eliminate measles infections.
- Eradicate maternal and neonatal tetanus.
- Control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, and German measles.
- Prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis in children.
Routine Immunization Schedule for Infants
- BCG: Administer at birth, 1 dose of 0.1 mL intradermal.
- Hepatitis B: Administer at birth, 1 dose of 0.5 mL intramuscular.
- Pentavalent Vaccine: Start at 6 weeks, 3 doses of 0.5 mL intramuscular given at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks.
- Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13): Start at 6 weeks, 4 doses of 0.5 mL intramuscular at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, and 12-15 months (booster).
- Oral Polio Vaccine: Start at 6 weeks, 3 doses administered orally with a 4-week interval.
- Inactivated Polio Vaccine: Administer at 14 weeks, 1 dose of 0.5 mL intramuscular.
- Rotavirus Vaccine: Start at 6 weeks, 2 doses given orally with a 4-week interval.
- Measles: Administer at 9 months, 1 dose of 0.5 mL subcutaneously.
- MMR: Administer between 12 to 15 months, 1 dose of 0.5 mL intramuscular.
Critical Points of EPI
-
Diluent Addition: BCG requires 2-3 mL of diluent added using a 5 mL syringe; measles requires 5 mL of diluent using a 10 mL syringe.
-
Contraindications for Vaccination:
- HIV/AIDS
- Active neurological disorders
- Recent convulsions
- Chemotherapy or glucocorticoid therapy
- Fever above 38.5°C
-
Conditions Not Generally Contraindicating Vaccination:
- Mild respiratory problems
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Malnutrition
-
Simultaneous Vaccination: Different vaccines can be administered at the same time but at different sites. ROTA and OPV can be given simultaneously.
Vaccine Characteristics
- BCG: Live attenuated bacteria.
- Hepatitis B: RNA recombinant.
- DPT: Combination of weakened toxins and inactivated bacteria.
- OPV, Rota, Measles, MMR: Live attenuated vaccines.
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