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Questions and Answers
What does the root word 'epi-' mean?
What does the root word 'epi-' mean?
On
What does the word 'erythema-' refer to?
What does the word 'erythema-' refer to?
Flushed (skin)
What does the root word 'erythro-' mean?
What does the root word 'erythro-' mean?
Red
What does the word 'ex-' mean?
What does the word 'ex-' mean?
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What does the root word 'extra-' mean?
What does the root word 'extra-' mean?
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What does the root word 'ferr-' refer to?
What does the root word 'ferr-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'fil-' mean?
What does the root word 'fil-' mean?
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What does the suffix '-form' mean?
What does the suffix '-form' mean?
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What does the root word 'gastr-' refer to?
What does the root word 'gastr-' refer to?
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What does the root '-gen, -genic' signify?
What does the root '-gen, -genic' signify?
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What does the root word 'genicula-' mean?
What does the root word 'genicula-' mean?
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What does the word 'gest-' refer to?
What does the word 'gest-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'glosso-' mean?
What does the root word 'glosso-' mean?
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What does the root word 'glyco-' refer to?
What does the root word 'glyco-' refer to?
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What does the suffix '-gram' mean?
What does the suffix '-gram' mean?
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What does the root word 'gran-' mean?
What does the root word 'gran-' mean?
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What does the suffix '-graph, -graphia' mean?
What does the suffix '-graph, -graphia' mean?
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What does the root word 'gyne-, gyno-' refer to?
What does the root word 'gyne-, gyno-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'hem-, hemato-' mean?
What does the root word 'hem-, hemato-' mean?
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What does the root word 'hemi-' mean?
What does the root word 'hemi-' mean?
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What does the root word 'hepato-' mean?
What does the root word 'hepato-' mean?
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What does the root word 'hetero-' mean?
What does the root word 'hetero-' mean?
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What does the root word 'histo-' refer to?
What does the root word 'histo-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'holo-' mean?
What does the root word 'holo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'homeo-, homo-' refer to?
What does the root word 'homeo-, homo-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'hyal-, hyalo-' mean?
What does the root word 'hyal-, hyalo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'hydro-' refer to?
What does the root word 'hydro-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'hyo-' mean?
What does the root word 'hyo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'hyper-' refer to?
What does the root word 'hyper-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'hypo-' mean?
What does the root word 'hypo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'hyster-' refer to?
What does the root word 'hyster-' refer to?
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What does the suffix '-ia' mean?
What does the suffix '-ia' mean?
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What does the root word 'idi-' mean?
What does the root word 'idi-' mean?
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What does the root word 'ile-' refer to?
What does the root word 'ile-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'ili-, ilio-' mean?
What does the root word 'ili-, ilio-' mean?
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What does the prefix 'in-' signify?
What does the prefix 'in-' signify?
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What does the root word 'infra-' mean?
What does the root word 'infra-' mean?
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What does the root word 'inter-' signify?
What does the root word 'inter-' signify?
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What does the root word 'intra-' refer to?
What does the root word 'intra-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'ipsi-' mean?
What does the root word 'ipsi-' mean?
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What does the prefix 'iso-' signify?
What does the prefix 'iso-' signify?
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What does the suffix '-itis' refer to?
What does the suffix '-itis' refer to?
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What does the root word 'karyo-' mean?
What does the root word 'karyo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'kerato-' refer to?
What does the root word 'kerato-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'kino-' mean?
What does the root word 'kino-' mean?
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What does the root word 'lact-, lacto-' signify?
What does the root word 'lact-, lacto-' signify?
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What does the root word 'lapar-' mean?
What does the root word 'lapar-' mean?
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What does the suffix '-lemma' signify?
What does the suffix '-lemma' signify?
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What does the root word 'leuko-' mean?
What does the root word 'leuko-' mean?
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What does the root word 'liga-' refer to?
What does the root word 'liga-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'lip-, lipo-' mean?
What does the root word 'lip-, lipo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'lith-' refer to?
What does the root word 'lith-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'lyso-, lysis-, lyze-' mean?
What does the root word 'lyso-, lysis-, lyze-' mean?
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What does the root word 'macr-' refer to?
What does the root word 'macr-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'mal-' mean?
What does the root word 'mal-' mean?
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What does the root word 'mamilla-' refer to?
What does the root word 'mamilla-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'mast-, masto-' mean?
What does the root word 'mast-, masto-' mean?
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What does the root word 'mega-' mean?
What does the root word 'mega-' mean?
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What does the root word 'melan-' refer to?
What does the root word 'melan-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'men-' mean?
What does the root word 'men-' mean?
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What does the root word 'mero-' mean?
What does the root word 'mero-' mean?
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What does the root word 'meso-' refer to?
What does the root word 'meso-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'meta-' mean?
What does the root word 'meta-' mean?
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What does the root word 'micr-' refer to?
What does the root word 'micr-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'mito-' mean?
What does the root word 'mito-' mean?
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What does the root word 'mono-' mean?
What does the root word 'mono-' mean?
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What does the root word 'morpho-' mean?
What does the root word 'morpho-' mean?
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What does the root word 'multi-' mean?
What does the root word 'multi-' mean?
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What does the suffix '-mural' mean?
What does the suffix '-mural' mean?
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What does the root word 'myelo-' refer to?
What does the root word 'myelo-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'myo-' mean?
What does the root word 'myo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'narc-' mean?
What does the root word 'narc-' mean?
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What does the root word 'nas-' refer to?
What does the root word 'nas-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'natri-' mean?
What does the root word 'natri-' mean?
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What does the root word 'neer-' refer to?
What does the root word 'neer-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'nephr-' mean?
What does the root word 'nephr-' mean?
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What does the root word 'neur-, neuro-' refer to?
What does the root word 'neur-, neuro-' refer to?
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What does the root word 'oculo-' mean?
What does the root word 'oculo-' mean?
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What does the root word 'odont-' mean?
What does the root word 'odont-' mean?
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What does the suffix '-oid' signify?
What does the suffix '-oid' signify?
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What does the root word 'oligo-' mean?
What does the root word 'oligo-' mean?
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What does the suffix '-ology' refer to?
What does the suffix '-ology' refer to?
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Study Notes
Root Words and Their Meanings
- epi-: Means "on"; found in terms like epimysium (connective tissue surrounding muscles).
- erythema-: Refers to flushed skin, as seen in erythematosis (abnormal reddening of the skin).
- erythro-: Indicates red; an example is erythrocyte (red blood cell).
- ex-: Signifies out or away from; example includes exocytosis (process of vesicle fusing with the cell membrane).
- extra-: Means outside or beyond; exemplified in extracellular (located outside the cell).
- ferr-: Stands for iron; showcased in transferrin (a protein that transports iron in the blood).
- fil-: Denotes thread; found in filament (a thin fiber).
- -form: Indicates shape; as in fusiform (spindle-shaped).
- gastr-: Refers to the stomach; seen in gastrointestinal (pertaining to the stomach and intestines).
- -gen, -genic: Means to produce; found in mutagen (an agent that causes mutations).
- genicula-: Refers to a kneelike structure; as in geniculate nuclei (part of the thalamus).
- gest-: Means to bear; exemplified in gestation (the period of pregnancy).
- glosso-: Refers to the tongue; seen in hypoglossal (nerve controlling tongue movement).
- glyco-: Indicates sugar; as in glycogen (stored form of glucose).
- -gram: Signifies a record; exemplified in myogram (recording of muscle activity).
- gran-: Refers to grain; found in granulocyte (type of white blood cell).
- -graph, -graphia: Means to write or record; as in electroencephalograph (device measuring brain activity).
- gyne-, gyno-: Indicates woman; found in gynecologist (physician specializing in women's health).
- hem-, hemato-: Refers to blood; exemplified in hemopoiesis (formation of blood cells).
- hemi-: Means half; as in hemisphere (half of a spherical structure).
- hepato-: Denotes liver; found in hepatocyte (liver cell).
- hetero-: Signifies other; example includes heterozygous (having two different alleles for a gene).
- histo-: Means tissue; seen in histology (study of tissues).
- holo-: Indicates entire; exemplified by holocrine (type of secretion in which the entire cell disintegrates).
- homeo-, homo-: Means same; found in homeostasis (the maintenance of stable internal conditions).
- hyal-, hyalo-: Refers to glass; exemplified in hyaline (type of cartilage).
- hydro-: Denotes water; seen in hydrolysis (the breakdown of compounds by water).
- hyo-: Refers to U-shaped; as in hyoid (bone in the neck).
- hyper-: Means above; shown in hyperpolarization (increase in membrane potential).
- hypo-: Indicates under; as in hypothyroid (underactive thyroid).
- hyster-: Refers to the uterus; seen in hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus).
- -ia: Denotes state or condition; exemplified in insomnia (inability to sleep).
- idi-: Means one's own; as in idiopathic (origin unknown).
- ile-: Refers to the ileocecal valve (between ileum and cecum).
- ili-, ilio-: Denotes flank or groin; seen in iliac (referring to the iliac region of the pelvis).
- in-: Can mean within or negative effect; as in inactive (not active).
- infra-: Means beneath; as in infraorbital (below the eye socket).
- inter-: Indicates between; seen in interventricular (between ventricles).
- intra-: Refers to within; as in intracellular (inside the cell).
- ipsi-: Means itself; found in ipsilateral (on the same side).
- iso-: Denotes equal; as in isotonic (equal concentration inside and outside the cell).
- -itis: Refers to inflammation; exemplified in dermatitis (inflammation of the skin).
- karyo-: Means body; found in megakaryocyte (large bone marrow cell).
- kerato-: Refers to horn; exemplified in keratin (protein in skin and nails).
- kino-: Denotes to move; seen in bradykinin (a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate).
- lact-, lacto-: Refers to milk; as in prolactin (hormone that promotes milk production).
- lapar-: Means flank or loins; exemplified in laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery).
- -lemma: Refers to husk; found in sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane).
- leuko-: Indicates white; seen in leukocyte (white blood cell).
- liga-: Means to bind together; as in ligase (enzyme that joins two strands of DNA).
- lip-, lipo-: Denotes fat; as in lipase (enzyme that breaks down fats).
- lith-: Means stone; found in otolith (calcium carbonate structure in the ear).
- lyso-, lysis-, lyze-: Refers to dissolution; seen in hydrolysis (water breakdown reaction).
- macr-: Means large; exemplified in macrophage (large immune cell).
- mal-: Indicates abnormal; as in malabsorption (insufficient absorption of nutrients).
- mamilla-: Refers to little breast; seen in mamillary (pertaining to the mammary glands).
- mast-, masto-: Pertains to breast; exemplified in mastoid (bone behind the ear).
- mega-: Means big; as in megakaryocyte (large cell that produces platelets).
- melan-: Indicates black; as seen in melanocyte (cell producing pigment in skin).
- men-: Refers to month; found in menstrual (pertaining to menstruation).
- mero-: Means part; exemplified in merocrine (type of glandular secretion).
- meso-: Denotes middle; as in mesoderm (middle layer of embryonic tissue).
- meta-: Refers to after or beyond; as in metaphase (stage in cell division).
- micr-: Indicates small; seen in microscopic (invisible to the naked eye).
- mito-: Refers to thread; as in mitosis (process of cell division).
- mono-: Means single; as in monocyte (single nucleus white blood cell).
- morpho-: Refers to form; as in morphology (study of form and structure).
- multi-: Indicates many; as in multicellular (composed of multiple cells).
- -mural: Refers to wall; exemplified in intramural (within the walls of an organ).
- myelo-: Means marrow; found in myeloblast (immature cell in bone marrow).
- myo-: Indicates muscle; seen in myofilament (filament in muscle tissue).
- narc-: Refers to numb or deaden; as in narcotics (substances that dull the senses).
- nas-: Means nose; as seen in nasolacrimal duct (duct draining tears).
- natri-: Refers to sodium; seen in natriuretic (promoting sodium excretion).
- neer-: Indicates corpse; as in necrosis (death of cells).
- nephr-: Refers to kidney; as reflected in nephron (functional unit of the kidney).
- neur-, neuro-: Denote nerve; exemplified in neuromuscular (pertaining to nerves and muscles).
- oculo-: Ref
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Test your knowledge of medical root words ranging from 'epi-' to suffixes ending in '-ology'. Each flashcard provides definitions and example terms to help reinforce your understanding. Perfect for students in healthcare or biology courses.
