Root Words Epi- to -ology Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the root word 'epi-' mean?

On

What does the word 'erythema-' refer to?

Flushed (skin)

What does the root word 'erythro-' mean?

Red

What does the word 'ex-' mean?

<p>Out, away from</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'extra-' mean?

<p>Outside, beyond, in addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ferr-' refer to?

<p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'fil-' mean?

<p>Thread</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-form' mean?

<p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'gastr-' refer to?

<p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root '-gen, -genic' signify?

<p>To produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'genicula-' mean?

<p>Kneelike structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'gest-' refer to?

<p>To bear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'glosso-' mean?

<p>Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'glyco-' refer to?

<p>Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-gram' mean?

<p>Record</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'gran-' mean?

<p>Grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-graph, -graphia' mean?

<p>To write, record</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'gyne-, gyno-' refer to?

<p>Woman</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hem-, hemato-' mean?

<p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hemi-' mean?

<p>Half</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hepato-' mean?

<p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hetero-' mean?

<p>Other</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'histo-' refer to?

<p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'holo-' mean?

<p>Entire</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'homeo-, homo-' refer to?

<p>Same</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyal-, hyalo-' mean?

<p>Glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hydro-' refer to?

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyo-' mean?

<p>U-Shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyper-' refer to?

<p>Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hypo-' mean?

<p>Under</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyster-' refer to?

<p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ia' mean?

<p>State or condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'idi-' mean?

<p>One's own</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ile-' refer to?

<p>Ileocecal valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ili-, ilio-' mean?

<p>Flank, groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'in-' signify?

<p>Within, or denoting negative effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'infra-' mean?

<p>Beneath</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'inter-' signify?

<p>Between</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'intra-' refer to?

<p>Within</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ipsi-' mean?

<p>Itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'iso-' signify?

<p>Equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-itis' refer to?

<p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'karyo-' mean?

<p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'kerato-' refer to?

<p>Horn</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'kino-' mean?

<p>To move</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lact-, lacto-' signify?

<p>Lac, milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lapar-' mean?

<p>Flank or loins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-lemma' signify?

<p>Husk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'leuko-' mean?

<p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'liga-' refer to?

<p>To bind together</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lip-, lipo-' mean?

<p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lith-' refer to?

<p>Stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lyso-, lysis-, lyze-' mean?

<p>Dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'macr-' refer to?

<p>Large</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mal-' mean?

<p>Abnormal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mamilla-' refer to?

<p>Little breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mast-, masto-' mean?

<p>Breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mega-' mean?

<p>Big</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'melan-' refer to?

<p>Black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'men-' mean?

<p>Month</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mero-' mean?

<p>Part</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'meso-' refer to?

<p>Middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'meta-' mean?

<p>After, beyond</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'micr-' refer to?

<p>Small</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mito-' mean?

<p>Thread</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mono-' mean?

<p>Single</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'morpho-' mean?

<p>Form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'multi-' mean?

<p>Many</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-mural' mean?

<p>Wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'myelo-' refer to?

<p>Marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'myo-' mean?

<p>Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'narc-' mean?

<p>To numb or deaden</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'nas-' refer to?

<p>Nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'natri-' mean?

<p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'neer-' refer to?

<p>Corpse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'nephr-' mean?

<p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'neur-, neuro-' refer to?

<p>Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'oculo-' mean?

<p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'odont-' mean?

<p>Tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-oid' signify?

<p>Form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'oligo-' mean?

<p>Little, few</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ology' refer to?

<p>The study of</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Root Words and Their Meanings

  • epi-: Means "on"; found in terms like epimysium (connective tissue surrounding muscles).
  • erythema-: Refers to flushed skin, as seen in erythematosis (abnormal reddening of the skin).
  • erythro-: Indicates red; an example is erythrocyte (red blood cell).
  • ex-: Signifies out or away from; example includes exocytosis (process of vesicle fusing with the cell membrane).
  • extra-: Means outside or beyond; exemplified in extracellular (located outside the cell).
  • ferr-: Stands for iron; showcased in transferrin (a protein that transports iron in the blood).
  • fil-: Denotes thread; found in filament (a thin fiber).
  • -form: Indicates shape; as in fusiform (spindle-shaped).
  • gastr-: Refers to the stomach; seen in gastrointestinal (pertaining to the stomach and intestines).
  • -gen, -genic: Means to produce; found in mutagen (an agent that causes mutations).
  • genicula-: Refers to a kneelike structure; as in geniculate nuclei (part of the thalamus).
  • gest-: Means to bear; exemplified in gestation (the period of pregnancy).
  • glosso-: Refers to the tongue; seen in hypoglossal (nerve controlling tongue movement).
  • glyco-: Indicates sugar; as in glycogen (stored form of glucose).
  • -gram: Signifies a record; exemplified in myogram (recording of muscle activity).
  • gran-: Refers to grain; found in granulocyte (type of white blood cell).
  • -graph, -graphia: Means to write or record; as in electroencephalograph (device measuring brain activity).
  • gyne-, gyno-: Indicates woman; found in gynecologist (physician specializing in women's health).
  • hem-, hemato-: Refers to blood; exemplified in hemopoiesis (formation of blood cells).
  • hemi-: Means half; as in hemisphere (half of a spherical structure).
  • hepato-: Denotes liver; found in hepatocyte (liver cell).
  • hetero-: Signifies other; example includes heterozygous (having two different alleles for a gene).
  • histo-: Means tissue; seen in histology (study of tissues).
  • holo-: Indicates entire; exemplified by holocrine (type of secretion in which the entire cell disintegrates).
  • homeo-, homo-: Means same; found in homeostasis (the maintenance of stable internal conditions).
  • hyal-, hyalo-: Refers to glass; exemplified in hyaline (type of cartilage).
  • hydro-: Denotes water; seen in hydrolysis (the breakdown of compounds by water).
  • hyo-: Refers to U-shaped; as in hyoid (bone in the neck).
  • hyper-: Means above; shown in hyperpolarization (increase in membrane potential).
  • hypo-: Indicates under; as in hypothyroid (underactive thyroid).
  • hyster-: Refers to the uterus; seen in hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus).
  • -ia: Denotes state or condition; exemplified in insomnia (inability to sleep).
  • idi-: Means one's own; as in idiopathic (origin unknown).
  • ile-: Refers to the ileocecal valve (between ileum and cecum).
  • ili-, ilio-: Denotes flank or groin; seen in iliac (referring to the iliac region of the pelvis).
  • in-: Can mean within or negative effect; as in inactive (not active).
  • infra-: Means beneath; as in infraorbital (below the eye socket).
  • inter-: Indicates between; seen in interventricular (between ventricles).
  • intra-: Refers to within; as in intracellular (inside the cell).
  • ipsi-: Means itself; found in ipsilateral (on the same side).
  • iso-: Denotes equal; as in isotonic (equal concentration inside and outside the cell).
  • -itis: Refers to inflammation; exemplified in dermatitis (inflammation of the skin).
  • karyo-: Means body; found in megakaryocyte (large bone marrow cell).
  • kerato-: Refers to horn; exemplified in keratin (protein in skin and nails).
  • kino-: Denotes to move; seen in bradykinin (a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate).
  • lact-, lacto-: Refers to milk; as in prolactin (hormone that promotes milk production).
  • lapar-: Means flank or loins; exemplified in laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery).
  • -lemma: Refers to husk; found in sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane).
  • leuko-: Indicates white; seen in leukocyte (white blood cell).
  • liga-: Means to bind together; as in ligase (enzyme that joins two strands of DNA).
  • lip-, lipo-: Denotes fat; as in lipase (enzyme that breaks down fats).
  • lith-: Means stone; found in otolith (calcium carbonate structure in the ear).
  • lyso-, lysis-, lyze-: Refers to dissolution; seen in hydrolysis (water breakdown reaction).
  • macr-: Means large; exemplified in macrophage (large immune cell).
  • mal-: Indicates abnormal; as in malabsorption (insufficient absorption of nutrients).
  • mamilla-: Refers to little breast; seen in mamillary (pertaining to the mammary glands).
  • mast-, masto-: Pertains to breast; exemplified in mastoid (bone behind the ear).
  • mega-: Means big; as in megakaryocyte (large cell that produces platelets).
  • melan-: Indicates black; as seen in melanocyte (cell producing pigment in skin).
  • men-: Refers to month; found in menstrual (pertaining to menstruation).
  • mero-: Means part; exemplified in merocrine (type of glandular secretion).
  • meso-: Denotes middle; as in mesoderm (middle layer of embryonic tissue).
  • meta-: Refers to after or beyond; as in metaphase (stage in cell division).
  • micr-: Indicates small; seen in microscopic (invisible to the naked eye).
  • mito-: Refers to thread; as in mitosis (process of cell division).
  • mono-: Means single; as in monocyte (single nucleus white blood cell).
  • morpho-: Refers to form; as in morphology (study of form and structure).
  • multi-: Indicates many; as in multicellular (composed of multiple cells).
  • -mural: Refers to wall; exemplified in intramural (within the walls of an organ).
  • myelo-: Means marrow; found in myeloblast (immature cell in bone marrow).
  • myo-: Indicates muscle; seen in myofilament (filament in muscle tissue).
  • narc-: Refers to numb or deaden; as in narcotics (substances that dull the senses).
  • nas-: Means nose; as seen in nasolacrimal duct (duct draining tears).
  • natri-: Refers to sodium; seen in natriuretic (promoting sodium excretion).
  • neer-: Indicates corpse; as in necrosis (death of cells).
  • nephr-: Refers to kidney; as reflected in nephron (functional unit of the kidney).
  • neur-, neuro-: Denote nerve; exemplified in neuromuscular (pertaining to nerves and muscles).
  • oculo-: Ref

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Test your knowledge of medical root words ranging from 'epi-' to suffixes ending in '-ology'. Each flashcard provides definitions and example terms to help reinforce your understanding. Perfect for students in healthcare or biology courses.

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