Root Words Epi- to -ology Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does the root word 'epi-' mean?

What does the word 'erythema-' refer to?

Flushed (skin)

What does the root word 'erythro-' mean?

Red

What does the word 'ex-' mean?

Out, away from Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'extra-' mean?

Outside, beyond, in addition Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ferr-' refer to?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'fil-' mean?

Thread Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-form' mean?

Shape Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'gastr-' refer to?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What does the root '-gen, -genic' signify?

To produce Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'genicula-' mean?

Kneelike structure Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'gest-' refer to?

To bear Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'glosso-' mean?

Tongue Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'glyco-' refer to?

Sugar Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-gram' mean?

Record Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'gran-' mean?

Grain Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-graph, -graphia' mean?

To write, record Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'gyne-, gyno-' refer to?

Woman Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hem-, hemato-' mean?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hemi-' mean?

Half Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hepato-' mean?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hetero-' mean?

Other Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'histo-' refer to?

Tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'holo-' mean?

Entire Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'homeo-, homo-' refer to?

Same Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyal-, hyalo-' mean?

Glass Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hydro-' refer to?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyo-' mean?

U-Shaped Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyper-' refer to?

Above Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hypo-' mean?

Under Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'hyster-' refer to?

Uterus Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ia' mean?

State or condition Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'idi-' mean?

One's own Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ile-' refer to?

Ileocecal valve Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ili-, ilio-' mean?

Flank, groin Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'in-' signify?

Within, or denoting negative effect Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'infra-' mean?

Beneath Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'inter-' signify?

Between Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'intra-' refer to?

Within Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'ipsi-' mean?

Itself Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'iso-' signify?

Equal Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-itis' refer to?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'karyo-' mean?

Body Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'kerato-' refer to?

Horn Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'kino-' mean?

To move Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lact-, lacto-' signify?

Lac, milk Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lapar-' mean?

Flank or loins Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-lemma' signify?

Husk Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'leuko-' mean?

White Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'liga-' refer to?

To bind together Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lip-, lipo-' mean?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lith-' refer to?

Stone Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'lyso-, lysis-, lyze-' mean?

Dissolution Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'macr-' refer to?

Large Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mal-' mean?

Abnormal Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mamilla-' refer to?

Little breast Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mast-, masto-' mean?

Breast Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mega-' mean?

Big Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'melan-' refer to?

Black Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'men-' mean?

Month Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mero-' mean?

Part Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'meso-' refer to?

Middle Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'meta-' mean?

After, beyond Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'micr-' refer to?

Small Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mito-' mean?

Thread Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'mono-' mean?

Single Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'morpho-' mean?

Form Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'multi-' mean?

Many Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-mural' mean?

Wall Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'myelo-' refer to?

Marrow Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'myo-' mean?

Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'narc-' mean?

To numb or deaden Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'nas-' refer to?

Nose Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'natri-' mean?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'neer-' refer to?

Corpse Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'nephr-' mean?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'neur-, neuro-' refer to?

Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'oculo-' mean?

Eye Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'odont-' mean?

Tooth Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-oid' signify?

Form Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'oligo-' mean?

Little, few Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ology' refer to?

The study of Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Root Words and Their Meanings

epi-: Means "on"; found in terms like epimysium (connective tissue surrounding muscles).
erythema-: Refers to flushed skin, as seen in erythematosis (abnormal reddening of the skin).
erythro-: Indicates red; an example is erythrocyte (red blood cell).
ex-: Signifies out or away from; example includes exocytosis (process of vesicle fusing with the cell membrane).
extra-: Means outside or beyond; exemplified in extracellular (located outside the cell).
ferr-: Stands for iron; showcased in transferrin (a protein that transports iron in the blood).
fil-: Denotes thread; found in filament (a thin fiber).
-form: Indicates shape; as in fusiform (spindle-shaped).
gastr-: Refers to the stomach; seen in gastrointestinal (pertaining to the stomach and intestines).
-gen, -genic: Means to produce; found in mutagen (an agent that causes mutations).
genicula-: Refers to a kneelike structure; as in geniculate nuclei (part of the thalamus).
gest-: Means to bear; exemplified in gestation (the period of pregnancy).
glosso-: Refers to the tongue; seen in hypoglossal (nerve controlling tongue movement).
glyco-: Indicates sugar; as in glycogen (stored form of glucose).
-gram: Signifies a record; exemplified in myogram (recording of muscle activity).
gran-: Refers to grain; found in granulocyte (type of white blood cell).
-graph, -graphia: Means to write or record; as in electroencephalograph (device measuring brain activity).
gyne-, gyno-: Indicates woman; found in gynecologist (physician specializing in women's health).
hem-, hemato-: Refers to blood; exemplified in hemopoiesis (formation of blood cells).
hemi-: Means half; as in hemisphere (half of a spherical structure).
hepato-: Denotes liver; found in hepatocyte (liver cell).
hetero-: Signifies other; example includes heterozygous (having two different alleles for a gene).
histo-: Means tissue; seen in histology (study of tissues).
holo-: Indicates entire; exemplified by holocrine (type of secretion in which the entire cell disintegrates).
homeo-, homo-: Means same; found in homeostasis (the maintenance of stable internal conditions).
hyal-, hyalo-: Refers to glass; exemplified in hyaline (type of cartilage).
hydro-: Denotes water; seen in hydrolysis (the breakdown of compounds by water).
hyo-: Refers to U-shaped; as in hyoid (bone in the neck).
hyper-: Means above; shown in hyperpolarization (increase in membrane potential).
hypo-: Indicates under; as in hypothyroid (underactive thyroid).
hyster-: Refers to the uterus; seen in hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus).
-ia: Denotes state or condition; exemplified in insomnia (inability to sleep).
idi-: Means one's own; as in idiopathic (origin unknown).
ile-: Refers to the ileocecal valve (between ileum and cecum).
ili-, ilio-: Denotes flank or groin; seen in iliac (referring to the iliac region of the pelvis).
in-: Can mean within or negative effect; as in inactive (not active).
infra-: Means beneath; as in infraorbital (below the eye socket).
inter-: Indicates between; seen in interventricular (between ventricles).
intra-: Refers to within; as in intracellular (inside the cell).
ipsi-: Means itself; found in ipsilateral (on the same side).
iso-: Denotes equal; as in isotonic (equal concentration inside and outside the cell).
-itis: Refers to inflammation; exemplified in dermatitis (inflammation of the skin).
karyo-: Means body; found in megakaryocyte (large bone marrow cell).
kerato-: Refers to horn; exemplified in keratin (protein in skin and nails).
kino-: Denotes to move; seen in bradykinin (a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate).
lact-, lacto-: Refers to milk; as in prolactin (hormone that promotes milk production).
lapar-: Means flank or loins; exemplified in laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery).
-lemma: Refers to husk; found in sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane).
leuko-: Indicates white; seen in leukocyte (white blood cell).
liga-: Means to bind together; as in ligase (enzyme that joins two strands of DNA).
lip-, lipo-: Denotes fat; as in lipase (enzyme that breaks down fats).
lith-: Means stone; found in otolith (calcium carbonate structure in the ear).
lyso-, lysis-, lyze-: Refers to dissolution; seen in hydrolysis (water breakdown reaction).
macr-: Means large; exemplified in macrophage (large immune cell).
mal-: Indicates abnormal; as in malabsorption (insufficient absorption of nutrients).
mamilla-: Refers to little breast; seen in mamillary (pertaining to the mammary glands).
mast-, masto-: Pertains to breast; exemplified in mastoid (bone behind the ear).
mega-: Means big; as in megakaryocyte (large cell that produces platelets).
melan-: Indicates black; as seen in melanocyte (cell producing pigment in skin).
men-: Refers to month; found in menstrual (pertaining to menstruation).
mero-: Means part; exemplified in merocrine (type of glandular secretion).
meso-: Denotes middle; as in mesoderm (middle layer of embryonic tissue).
meta-: Refers to after or beyond; as in metaphase (stage in cell division).
micr-: Indicates small; seen in microscopic (invisible to the naked eye).
mito-: Refers to thread; as in mitosis (process of cell division).
mono-: Means single; as in monocyte (single nucleus white blood cell).
morpho-: Refers to form; as in morphology (study of form and structure).
multi-: Indicates many; as in multicellular (composed of multiple cells).
-mural: Refers to wall; exemplified in intramural (within the walls of an organ).
myelo-: Means marrow; found in myeloblast (immature cell in bone marrow).
myo-: Indicates muscle; seen in myofilament (filament in muscle tissue).
narc-: Refers to numb or deaden; as in narcotics (substances that dull the senses).
nas-: Means nose; as seen in nasolacrimal duct (duct draining tears).
natri-: Refers to sodium; seen in natriuretic (promoting sodium excretion).
neer-: Indicates corpse; as in necrosis (death of cells).
nephr-: Refers to kidney; as reflected in nephron (functional unit of the kidney).
neur-, neuro-: Denote nerve; exemplified in neuromuscular (pertaining to nerves and muscles).
oculo-: Ref

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Test your knowledge of medical root words ranging from 'epi-' to suffixes ending in '-ology'. Each flashcard provides definitions and example terms to help reinforce your understanding. Perfect for students in healthcare or biology courses.