Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the root word 'cyt/o' mean?

cell

What does the root word 'hist/o' refer to?

tissue

What is the meaning of the root word 'kary/o'?

nucleus

What does 'nucle/o' signify?

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'anter/o' mean?

<p>anterior, front</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'caud/o' represent?

<p>tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'cephal/o'?

<p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dist/o' refer to?

<p>far, farthest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dors/o' mean?

<p>back (of body)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'infer/o' signify?

<p>lower, below</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'later/o' mean?

<p>side, to one side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'medi/o' signify?

<p>middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'poster/o' indicate?

<p>back (of body), behind, posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'proxim/o' mean?

<p>near, nearest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ventr/o' refer to?

<p>belly, belly side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'abdomin/o' represent?

<p>abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cervic/o' mean?

<p>neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'crani/o' indicate?

<p>cranium (skull)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gastr/o' signify?

<p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ili/o' represent?

<p>ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'inguin/o' mean?

<p>groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lumb/o' indicate?

<p>loins (lower back)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pelv/i' signify?

<p>pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'spin/o' mean?

<p>spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thorac/o' signify?

<p>chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'umbilic/o' mean?

<p>umbilicus, navel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'albin/o' represent?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'leuk/o' refer to?

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'chlor/o' mean?

<p>green</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'chrom/o' signify?

<p>color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cirrh/o' signify?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'jaund/o' indicate?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'xanth/o' mean?

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cyan/o' signify?

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'erythr/o' represent?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'melan/o' indicate?

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'poli/o' signify?

<p>gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'acr/o' mean?

<p>extremity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'eti/o'?

<p>cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'idi/o' represent?

<p>unknown, peculiar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'morph/o' signify?

<p>form, shape, structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'path/o' mean?

<p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'radi/o' indicate?

<p>radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'somat/o' represent?

<p>body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'son/o' mean?

<p>sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tom/o' indicate?

<p>to cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'viscer/o' signify?

<p>internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'xer/o' mean?

<p>dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-genesis' refer to?

<p>forming, producing, origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-gnosis' signify?

<p>knowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-gram' mean?

<p>record, writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-graph' refer to?

<p>instrument for recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-graphy' mean?

<p>process of recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-logist' indicate?

<p>specialist in the study of</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-logy' refer to?

<p>study of</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-meter' signify?

<p>instrument for measuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-metry' mean?

<p>act of measuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-pathy' signify?

<p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ab-' indicate?

<p>from, away from</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ad-' mean?

<p>toward</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hetero-' signify?

<p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'homeo-' indicate?

<p>same, alike</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'infra-' mean?

<p>below, under</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'peri-' signify?

<p>around</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'super-' mean?

<p>upper, above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'trans-' signify?

<p>across, through</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ultra-' mean?

<p>excess, beyond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology: Root Words, Suffixes, and Prefixes

  • Root words form the basis of medical terms and represent fundamental concepts related to body structures, functions, and diseases.
  • Suffixes modify the meaning of root words, often indicating a specific condition, procedure, or specialty.
  • Prefixes specify location, number, or time and provide additional context to root words.

Key Root Words

  • cyt/o: Refers to "cell," the smallest structural unit of an organism.
  • hist/o: Denotes "tissue," a group of cells working together for a common purpose.
  • kary/o and nucle/o: Both signify "nucleus," the central part of a cell containing genetic material.
  • anter/o: Indicates "anterior" or "front."
  • caud/o: Represents "tail," often used in anatomical direction.
  • cephal/o: Refers to "head," used in various medical conditions and procedures.

Anatomical Direction Terms

  • dist/o: Means "far" or "farthest," used to describe the position of structures relative to the trunk.
  • dors/o: Refers to the "back" of the body.
  • infer/o: Signifies "lower" or "below."
  • later/o: Denotes "side" or a position closer to the side of the body.
  • medi/o: Represents "middle," indicating central positioning.
  • poster/o: Pertains to the "back" or "behind" aspect of the body.
  • proxim/o: Means "near" or "nearest" to a point of reference.
  • ventr/o: Refers to the "belly" or anterior surface of the body.

Specific Body Regions

  • abdomin/o: Refers to the "abdomen."
  • cervic/o: Denotes "neck" or the "cervix" of the uterus.
  • crani/o: Indicates the "cranium" or skull.
  • gastr/o: Represents the "stomach."
  • ili/o: Refers to the "ilium," part of the hip bone.
  • lumb/o: Means "loins," associated with lower back.
  • pelv/i and pelv/o: Both denote "pelvis."
  • spin/o: Refers to the "spine."
  • thorac/o: Indicates the "chest."
  • umbilic/o: Refers to the "umbilicus" or navel.

Color Terms

  • albin/o and leuk/o: Both signify "white."
  • chlor/o: Means "green."
  • chrom/o: Denotes "color."
  • cirrh/o, jaund/o, and xanth/o: All refer to "yellow."
  • cyan/o: Represents "blue."
  • erythr/o: Refers to "red."
  • melan/o: Denotes "black."
  • poli/o: Means "gray," especially in reference to gray matter in the nervous system.

Other Essential Terms

  • acr/o: Refers to "extremity," such as arms and legs.
  • eti/o: Signifies "cause," often used in diagnosis.
  • idi/o: Pertains to something "unknown" or "peculiar."
  • morph/o: Indicates "form," "shape," or "structure."
  • path/o: Represents "disease."
  • radi/o: Refers to "radiation" or "x-ray."
  • somat/o: Means "body."
  • son/o: Indicates "sound," used in ultrasound.
  • tom/o: Refers to "to cut," used in surgical procedures.
  • viscer/o: Denotes "internal organs."
  • xer/o: Means "dry."

Suffixes and Their Meanings

  • -genesis: Refers to "forming," "producing," or "origin."
  • -gnosis: Indicates "knowing" or awareness of conditions.
  • -gram: Denotes a "record" or written document of data.
  • -graph: Means "instrument for recording" information.
  • -graphy: Refers to the "process of recording."
  • -logist: Indicates a "specialist in the study of" a particular field.
  • -logy: Means the "study of."
  • -meter: Refers to an "instrument for measuring."
  • -metry: Indicates the "act of measuring."
  • -pathy: Refers to "disease."

Prefixes and Their Meanings

  • ab-: Means "from" or "away from."
  • ad-: Indicates movement "toward."
  • hetero-: Refers to something "different."
  • homeo-: Means "same" or "alike."
  • infra-: Denotes "below" or "under."
  • peri-: Means "around."
  • super-: Refers to "upper" or "above."
  • trans-: Indicates "across" or "through."
  • ultra-: Means "excess" or "beyond."

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Dive into Chapter 4 of Medical Terminology with flashcards that cover essential root words, suffixes, and prefixes. Enhance your understanding of medical vocabulary by familiarizing yourself with key terms related to cells, tissues, and anatomical directions. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.

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