Roman History: Slave Revolts and Civil Wars

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Questions and Answers

Who was the Roman general who crucified 6,000 slaves after the third servile war?

Papius

The Roman general Poppy was a relative of the city of Pompeii.

False (B)

The idea of civitas and civic duty was established during the Roman Republic, ensuring that power was distributed evenly among citizens.

True (A)

What economic challenge did the Roman Republic face, making it vulnerable to disruptions in food supply?

<p>Rome could not produce enough food for its population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Roman military reform was introduced by Marius?

<p>The Marian reforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the civil war between Marius and Sulla?

<p>Sulla took control and established a dictatorship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Sulla's "prescriptions"?

<p>A list of Sulla's political enemies whom he punished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Sulla's dictatorship, many Romans were accused of fabricated crimes to justify their punishment?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Roman troops during Sulla's reign were primarily loyal to the idea of Rome and its republic?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Even though it was still considered a republic, Rome functioned as an empire at this time.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Servile Wars

Slaves revolting against the Roman Empire, culminating in brutal Roman punishment.

Nias Papius (Poppy)

A Roman general, noted for crucifying 6,000 slaves.

Civitas

Concept of civic duty and balanced government in Rome.

Roman Republic's Empire

The Roman Republic controlling vast territories despite still being a Republic.

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Marius Reforms

Military changes improving Roman military capabilities.

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Rome's Food Supply Dependence

Rome's reliance on distant regions (e.g., Egypt) for food.

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Civil War (Marius-Sulla)

Conflict between Roman Generals Marius and Sulla.

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Sulla's Prescriptions

Sulla's act of targeting political enemies through lists and persecution.

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Political Purges

Sulla's purging of political opponents, often violently.

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Military Loyalty

Troops' loyalty to their generals rather than to Rome itself.

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Food Shortages

Rome's vulnerability to issues like grain shortages because of dependence on imports.

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Political Instability

The trend of Rome's power struggles & conflicts for control.

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Political Enemies

Opponents sought out and eliminated during power struggles in Rome.

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Crop Failures

Failure of crops that can cause food shortages in Rome.

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Grain Imports

Food supply sources outside of Rome.

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Ship Sinkings

Disruptions to trade and food supply.

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Study Notes

Roman Slave Revolt and Punishment

  • 6000 slaves crucified after the third servile war, part of a brutal Roman punishment.
  • Roman general, Papius (aka Poppy), oversaw this execution.

Roman Republic & Empire Transition

  • Rome became a dominant power in the Mediterranean after defeating Carthage.
  • Marius's reforms enhanced the military, although Rome was essentially an empire already, operating as an empire even though it was still formally a Republic.
  • Rome's reliance on grain imports (especially from North Africa and Egypt) made it vulnerable to disruptions like shipwrecks or crop failures.
  • Food shortages in Rome were a serious issue.

Roman Civil Wars and Political Turmoil

  • Marius and Sulla engaged in a civil war, concluding with Sulla's victory.
  • Sulla implemented proscriptions, a practice where political rivals were publicly branded enemies of Rome and targeted for death and removal from their positions.
  • Sulla's actions caused widespread political unrest and violence, weakening the state.
  • Military loyalty often belonged to generals more than to the Republic (as Rome's ideal was changing and being challenged).

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