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Questions and Answers
Which hormone stimulates growth during infancy and puberty?
What hormone affects childbirth, lactation, and some behaviors?
Which hormone signals the kidney to conserve more water?
Which gland releases cortisol in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone?
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What hormone regulates metabolism?
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Which hormone stimulates the release of calcium from the bones?
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Which gland is responsible for the production of melatonin, a hormone that controls sleep cycles?
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What is the primary role of the anterior pituitary gland in the human body?
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Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
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What is the main function of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for responding to stress or emergencies in the human body?
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In what way does leptin contribute to appetite regulation in the body?
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What is the primary function of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
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Which hormones are secreted into the blood via capillaries in the posterior pituitary?
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What is the role of neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?
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Which hormone stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxine?
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What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females?
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How do pituitary hormones enter the bloodstream?
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Study Notes
Pituitary Gland
- The "master gland" that signals other glands to produce hormones when needed
- Anterior lobe receives signals from the hypothalamus and responds by sending out the appropriate hormone to other endocrine glands
- Posterior pituitary receives oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus and relays them to the body as necessary
Pituitary Hormones and Functions
- Follicle-stimulating hormone: stimulates egg maturation in the ovary and release of sex hormones
- Lutenizing hormone: stimulates maturation of egg and of the corpus luteum surrounding the egg, which affects female sex hormones and the menstrual cycle
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone: stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxine
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone: causes the adrenal gland to release cortisol
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: stimulates synthesis of skin pigments
- Growth hormone: stimulates growth during infancy and puberty
- Antidiuretic hormone: signals the kidney to conserve more water
- Oxytocin: affects childbirth, lactation, and some behaviors
Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- Kidneys: produce several hormones that regulate blood pressure
- Digestive system: produces several hormones that regulate appetite
- Fat cells: produce leptin, which stimulates appetite
- Thyroid gland: produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism, and calcitonin, which inhibits release of calcium from the bones
- Parathyroid gland: produces parathyroid hormone, which stimulates the release of calcium from the bones
- Islet cells (in the pancreas): produce insulin, which decreases blood sugar, and glucagon, which increases blood sugar
- Testes: produce testosterone, which regulates sperm cell production and secondary sex characteristics
- Ovaries: produce estrogen, which stimulates egg maturation, controls secondary sex characteristics, and progesterone, which prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
- Adrenal cortex: produces epinephrine, which stimulates the "fight or flight" response
- Adrenal medulla: produces glucocorticoids, which increase blood glucose levels and decrease immune response, and aldosterone, which regulates sodium content in the blood
- Pineal gland: produces melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles and reproductive cycles in many mammals
Diagnosis of Endocrine Issues
- A patient who feels cold and listless all the time may have a thyroid issue, potentially due to low levels of thyroxine.
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Description
Learn about how the pituitary gland functions as the 'master gland' in the endocrine system, controlling the production of hormones by other glands. Understand the roles of the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary in hormone regulation.
