10 Questions
What are rocks and minerals made of?
Rocks and minerals are made of mineral matter
Which type of rock forms 95% of the Earth's crust?
Igneous rocks
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
By transportation and cementation of fragmentary material
What leads to the formation of igneous rocks?
Cooling and consolidation of magma
What are the natural agencies that transport fragmentary material for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Wind, water, and ice
What are rocks and minerals made of?
Rocks are composed of hard masses of mineral matter comprising two or more rock forming minerals.
How are igneous rocks formed?
Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and consolidation of molten magma within or on the surface of the earth.
What processes lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Sedimentary rocks are formed through the transportation and cementation of fragmentary material, as well as the alteration of pre-existing rocks.
What percentage of the Earth's crust is composed of igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks make up 95% of the Earth's crust.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary rocks are formed through the consolidation of fragmentary material after their deposition, either by being compacted in situ or transported in solution by natural agencies like wind, water, and ice to low-lying areas like oceans.
Study Notes
Rocks and Minerals
- The Earth's crust is composed of rocks and minerals.
- A rock is defined as a hard mass of mineral matter consisting of two or more rock-forming minerals.
Earth's Crust Composition
- Igneous rocks make up 95% of the Earth's crust.
- Sedimentary rocks make up 5% of the Earth's crust.
Formation of Rocks
- Rocks are formed through three main processes:
Cooling and Consolidation of Magma
- Igneous rocks are formed by cooling and consolidating molten magma within or on the surface of the Earth.
- Examples: igneous rocks.
Transportation and Cementation of Fragmentary Material
- Disintegration and decomposition of pre-existing rocks lead to the formation of fragmentary material.
- This material is transported by natural agencies (wind, water, and ice) to low-lying areas like oceans.
- Consolidation of these materials after deposition results in the formation of Sedimentary rocks.
Alteration of Pre-existing Rocks
- Primary and secondary rocks can undergo alteration to form new rocks.
- This process is subject to various environmental factors.
Test your knowledge of rocks and minerals with this quiz! Explore the formation of rocks, the composition of the Earth's crust, and the different types of rocks. Challenge yourself with questions about igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, and discover the fascinating world of geology.
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