Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is road risk generally defined as?
What is road risk generally defined as?
- The average crash frequency on a road segment
- The total number of fatalities and injuries
- The probability of crash/fatality occurrence (correct)
- The length of road segments in kilometers
How is exposure most often expressed in the context of road risk?
How is exposure most often expressed in the context of road risk?
- Through the length of road segments
- By the total number of vehicles on the road
- Through the annual average daily traffic (AADT) vehicles/day (correct)
- By the number of fatalities and injuries
What are the coefficients 'a', 'b', and 'c' used for in the road risk definition?
What are the coefficients 'a', 'b', and 'c' used for in the road risk definition?
- To calculate the total road length
- To estimate the fuel consumption
- To determine the number of fatalities
- To be estimated in the crash frequency prediction (correct)
How is exposure broadly classified in practice?
How is exposure broadly classified in practice?
Which measure is commonly used for computing and comparing crash rates over time?
Which measure is commonly used for computing and comparing crash rates over time?
What is the value of a statistical life (VSL) used to estimate?
What is the value of a statistical life (VSL) used to estimate?
Which measure is used for measuring crash risk for a single site like an intersection or roadway segment?
Which measure is used for measuring crash risk for a single site like an intersection or roadway segment?
What do traffic conflicts and surrogate safety measures correlate well with?
What do traffic conflicts and surrogate safety measures correlate well with?
What is used to determine the cost of road fatalities in Australia?
What is used to determine the cost of road fatalities in Australia?
What is the total social cost of road crashes in Australia for 2016?
What is the total social cost of road crashes in Australia for 2016?
What does the value of risk reduction measure?
What does the value of risk reduction measure?
Which measure is used as a basic measure of exposure expressed per thousand or per million people?
Which measure is used as a basic measure of exposure expressed per thousand or per million people?
What is the economic concept used to estimate the monetary value associated with reducing the risk of a premature death?
What is the economic concept used to estimate the monetary value associated with reducing the risk of a premature death?
What is used to evaluate the benefits of road safety measures and to influence road user behavior?
What is used to evaluate the benefits of road safety measures and to influence road user behavior?
What are person-kilometers of travel, number of trips, time spent in traffic, driver population, and population examples of in risk analysis?
What are person-kilometers of travel, number of trips, time spent in traffic, driver population, and population examples of in risk analysis?
What is used for computing and comparing crash rates over time?
What is used for computing and comparing crash rates over time?
Study Notes
Estimating Risk and Exposure in Road Accidents
- Exposure in risk analysis includes person-kilometers of travel, number of trips, time spent in traffic, driver population, and population.
- Per capita and licensed drivers are basic measures of exposure, expressed per thousand or per million people.
- Registered vehicles and vehicle-kilometer traveled (VKT) are common measures of exposure for computing and comparing crash rates over time.
- Annual average daily traffic (AADT) and segment crash rate are used for measuring crash risk for a single site like an intersection or roadway segment.
- Crash rates assume a linear relationship between crash frequency and exposure, but studies have shown it is often nonlinear.
- Traffic conflicts and surrogate safety measures, such as time to collision (TTC) and post encroachment time (PET), correlate well with actual crashes.
- Road trauma cost the Australian economy nearly $30 billion in 2015, equivalent to 1.3% of GDP.
- The total social cost of road crashes in Australia for 2016 was $33.16 billion, equating to 2% of GDP.
- The value of a statistical life (VSL) is an economic concept used to estimate the monetary value associated with reducing the risk of a premature death.
- VSL is estimated to be about $4.1 million and is used to determine the cost of road fatalities in Australia, which was about $5 billion in 2015.
- Estimating the costs of road accidents is essential for evaluating the benefits of road safety measures and for internalizing various economic costs to influence road user behavior.
- The value of risk reduction measures how much society is willing to pay in addition to the summary of health care costs, gross lost production, cost of property damage, and administration for improved traffic safety.
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Description
Test your knowledge of estimating risk and exposure in road accidents with this quiz. Explore measures of exposure, crash rates, social costs of road crashes, the value of a statistical life, and the economic impact of road accidents. See how well you understand the concepts essential for evaluating road safety measures and influencing road user behavior.
