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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are driver-contributed risks? (Select all that apply)
What is the acronym IPDE stand for?
Identify, Predict, Decide, Execute
What are vehicle-contributed risks? (Select all that apply)
What are environment-contributed risks? (Select all that apply)
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Use orderly visual search pattern to ____________:
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Use knowledge, judgment, and experience to ____________:
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____________ to use one or more actions to:
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____________ your decisions to:
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What does commentary driving involve?
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What is meant by 'space cushion'?
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What is the purpose of the Smith System?
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What is an open zone?
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What should you look for when driving?
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What does 'compromise space' refer to?
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Define 'traction.'
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What are the responsibilities when executing a decision?
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What is the 'line of sight'?
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The orderly visual search pattern should always be the same.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Driver-Contributed Risks
- Distractions that impair driving include adjusting the radio, anger, blurred vision, grooming, drinking alcohol, and using mobile phones.
- Distracted driving increases the likelihood of accidents.
Contributing Risks
- Driving risk is influenced by driver-contributed, vehicle-contributed, and environment-contributed factors.
Vehicle-Contributed Risks
- Factors affecting vehicle safety include bald tires, inadequate brakes, dirty windshields, broken headlights, and worn windshield wipers.
Environment-Contributed Risks
- Environmental hazards include bright sunlight, road construction, shadows, snow and ice, and sharp curves.
IPDE Process
- The IPDE process involves four key steps: Identify, Predict, Decide, Execute.
Identify
- Utilize a systematic visual search pattern to recognize open and closed zones, roadway features, traffic controls, and other road users.
Predict
- Based on knowledge and experience, anticipate actions of other vehicles, their speed and direction, and potential points of conflict.
Decide
- Choose actions to change or maintain speed, alter direction, and effectively communicate with other road users.
Execute
- Implement decisions by controlling speed, steering, communicating effectively, and combining necessary actions.
Commentary Driving
- A technique where drivers verbalize their thought process aloud, enhancing focus by articulating identification, predictions, and decisions.
Space Cushion
- The area around your vehicle that provides buffer space and visibility to react effectively.
Smith System
- A method to foster effective seeing habits, including:
- Aim high in steering.
- Keep your eyes moving.
- Get the big picture.
- Ensure visibility to others.
- Have an "out" for escape.
Zone Control System
- A strategy for managing six zones around a vehicle, enabling timely responses to traffic changes, comprising:
- Observing zone changes.
- Checking other areas.
- Optimizing speed and communication.
Zones
- Open zone: An unrestricted area for driving.
- Closed zone: A space that is obstructed, limiting travel.
- Target area: The roadway section where the target is central to the intended path.
Visual Ranges
- Target area range: Distance from vehicle to target area for potential changes.
- 12-15 second range: Area traveled in the next 12-15 seconds; essential for identifying upcoming changes.
- 4-6 second range: Distance traveled in the next 4-6 seconds; used for final updates on intended path.
Orderly Visual Search Pattern
- A sequence for checking critical areas, such as target area and speedometer, ensuring comprehensive situational awareness.
Vision Types
- Field of vision: Overall area visible while looking straight ahead.
- Central vision: Sharply viewed area up to 10 degrees.
- Peripheral vision: Side view outside central vision.
Key Driving Techniques
- Aim high in steering: Look ahead 12-15 seconds.
- Keep eyes moving: Regularly scan near and far.
- Get the big picture: Anticipate unseen risks in the driving environment.
- Ground viewing: Quick glances at roadway conditions for potential hazards.
Communication Methods
- Utilize vehicle lights (headlights, brake lights), turn signals, horn, body language, and positioning to convey intentions.
Minimizing Hazards
- Increase distance from hazards, adjust speed, communicate effectively, and maneuver strategically to enhance safety.
Outcomes of IPDE Process
- Enhanced visibility, accurate decision-making, and more successful execution of driving maneuvers.
Additional Terms
- Traction: Gripping ability of tires on the roadway.
- Lane Positions: Defined variations in lane positioning for effective driving strategies (positions 1, 2, and 3).
Hazard Management Strategies
- Minimize hazards by reducing conflict potential via distance.
- Separate hazards to address them one at a time.
- Compromise space by yielding more to greater hazards.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the IPDE process with this flashcard quiz. Focus on identifying driver-contributed, vehicle-contributed, and environment-contributed risks. Perfect for those looking to deepen their understanding of safe driving practices.
