Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the width of a two-lane road with raised curbs?
What is the width of a two-lane road with raised curbs?
- 5.5 m
- 7.0 m
- 3.75 m
- 7.5 m (correct)
What is a primary function of medians on roads?
What is a primary function of medians on roads?
- To provide additional parking space
- To increase the speed of vehicles
- To reduce head-on collisions (correct)
- To support utility poles
Which type of median is primarily designed to separate opposing traffic lanes and improve safety?
Which type of median is primarily designed to separate opposing traffic lanes and improve safety?
- Painted median
- Flushed median
- Depressed median
- Raised median (correct)
What is a characteristic function of depressed medians?
What is a characteristic function of depressed medians?
What materials are commonly used to construct median safety barriers?
What materials are commonly used to construct median safety barriers?
How wide is a standard single lane road?
How wide is a standard single lane road?
What is NOT a feature of flushed medians?
What is NOT a feature of flushed medians?
Which type of road margin primarily serves practical functions such as managing utilities?
Which type of road margin primarily serves practical functions such as managing utilities?
What is the primary function of a lay bye?
What is the primary function of a lay bye?
Which type of kerb is designed to help vehicles climb easily?
Which type of kerb is designed to help vehicles climb easily?
What is the minimum camber of a shoulder compared to the cross slope of adjoining pavement?
What is the minimum camber of a shoulder compared to the cross slope of adjoining pavement?
What is the primary objective of providing camber on a pavement?
What is the primary objective of providing camber on a pavement?
What is a common disadvantage of excessive camber?
What is a common disadvantage of excessive camber?
Which type of kerb is most appropriate for areas with high pedestrian traffic?
Which type of kerb is most appropriate for areas with high pedestrian traffic?
What shape of camber is preferred for fast-moving vehicles during overtaking operations?
What shape of camber is preferred for fast-moving vehicles during overtaking operations?
Which of the following is NOT a function of kerbs?
Which of the following is NOT a function of kerbs?
What is the camber percentage range for high type bituminous surfacing or cement concrete?
What is the camber percentage range for high type bituminous surfacing or cement concrete?
What is the primary purpose of the Road Cross Section in highway engineering?
What is the primary purpose of the Road Cross Section in highway engineering?
Which surface type has the highest camber percentage range?
Which surface type has the highest camber percentage range?
Which layer of road pavement is in direct contact with vehicle wheels?
Which layer of road pavement is in direct contact with vehicle wheels?
What is a key function of effective drainage in road maintenance?
What is a key function of effective drainage in road maintenance?
What are table drains primarily used for?
What are table drains primarily used for?
What characterizes the Base Course in road pavement layers?
What characterizes the Base Course in road pavement layers?
Which drainage system is more appropriate for conditions where water may drain down an embankment onto the road surface?
Which drainage system is more appropriate for conditions where water may drain down an embankment onto the road surface?
What is the primary function of the Sub Grade layer?
What is the primary function of the Sub Grade layer?
Which component of the road cross section is primarily for travel and may consist of multiple lanes?
Which component of the road cross section is primarily for travel and may consist of multiple lanes?
What is the camber percentage range for thin bituminous surfacing?
What is the camber percentage range for thin bituminous surfacing?
Which type of drainage is considered a basic form and is generally unsealed?
Which type of drainage is considered a basic form and is generally unsealed?
Why are wider traffic lanes generally considered safer?
Why are wider traffic lanes generally considered safer?
What type of material is typically used for the Sub Base layer in road construction?
What type of material is typically used for the Sub Base layer in road construction?
What potential issues can effective drainage prevent on roadways?
What potential issues can effective drainage prevent on roadways?
Which statement best describes the preparation of the Sub Grade layer?
Which statement best describes the preparation of the Sub Grade layer?
What is one of the primary functions of shoulders on a road?
What is one of the primary functions of shoulders on a road?
What is the preferred characteristic of the shoulder color in relation to the pavement?
What is the preferred characteristic of the shoulder color in relation to the pavement?
What is a key purpose of a lay bye along the road?
What is a key purpose of a lay bye along the road?
What must a driveway connecting highways to commercial establishments primarily ensure?
What must a driveway connecting highways to commercial establishments primarily ensure?
Which type of track is specifically designed for high volumes of bicycle traffic in urban areas?
Which type of track is specifically designed for high volumes of bicycle traffic in urban areas?
What is one function of guard rails on a road?
What is one function of guard rails on a road?
What is a recommended dimension for a standard lay bye?
What is a recommended dimension for a standard lay bye?
What characteristic should the surface of shoulders have compared to traffic lanes?
What characteristic should the surface of shoulders have compared to traffic lanes?
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Study Notes
Road Design and Components
- Different types of roads have designated widths to ensure safety and efficiency, varying from single lanes (3.75 m) to multi-lane pavements (3.5 m per lane).
- A divided highway features a median that separates opposing traffic, which serves to prevent head-on collisions, reduce glare from headlights, and provide refuge for cross-traffic at intersections.
Types of Medians
- Raised Medians offer physical separation for safety and improved aesthetics through landscaping, commonly used on high-traffic roads.
- Depressed Medians are below road level, assisting with water runoff and utility placement, primarily in urban areas.
- Flushed Medians are marked by painted lines, serving as waiting areas for turning vehicles, frequently seen in urban settings.
- Median Safety Barriers are constructed to absorb or redirect impacts, preventing crossovers in traffic.
Road Cross Section
- Road cross sections illustrate the vertical arrangement of the road components, crucial for construction and functional understanding.
Pavement Layers
- Surface/Wearing Course: The top layer in direct contact with vehicles, made from bitumen-based materials.
- Base Course: Positioned under the surface, it must be of high quality to withstand severe load.
- Sub Base: A granular layer above the subgrade, often natural gravel.
- Sub Grade: The foundational layer consisting of existing natural soil or fill material.
Carriageway and Safety Features
- The carriageway is designed for vehicle travel, ideally wider for safety, allowing large vehicles to pass comfortably.
- Shoulders provide support for the pavement, emergency stopping areas, and pedestrian/bicycle use, designed to withstand heavy loads.
- Kerbs support footpaths and medians, categorized into low, semi-barrier, and barrier types based on height and function, facilitating drainage and delineating pavement edges.
Camber and Cross Slope
- Camber is the transverse slope for draining rainwater, important for quick pavement drying and safety; it varies based on surface type and rainfall.
- Excessive camber can cause vehicle discomfort and structural issues like transverse tilting or ruts.
Drainage Systems
- Effective drainage prevents flooding, erosion, and road damage, vital for road longevity and safety.
- Table Drains are located beside the road for basic water drainage, while Catch Drains direct potential runoff during cuts, essential for maintaining roadway integrity.
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