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Questions and Answers
What is the structure that RNA polymerase recognizes to terminate transcription in prokaryotes?
What is the structure that RNA polymerase recognizes to terminate transcription in prokaryotes?
In eukaryotic transcription, what is transcribed downstream of the poly(A) signal?
In eukaryotic transcription, what is transcribed downstream of the poly(A) signal?
Which component is responsible for adding the poly(A) tail in eukaryotic mRNA processing?
Which component is responsible for adding the poly(A) tail in eukaryotic mRNA processing?
What is the function of a 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?
What is the function of a 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?
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What is the nucleotide added to the 3' end of a growing RNA polynucleotide during transcription?
What is the nucleotide added to the 3' end of a growing RNA polynucleotide during transcription?
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Which component is responsible for cutting introns and joining exons during RNA splicing?
Which component is responsible for cutting introns and joining exons during RNA splicing?
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Which chemical modification process involves the excision of certain sequences known as introns?
Which chemical modification process involves the excision of certain sequences known as introns?
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In eukaryotes, what process involves adding a long string of adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of the mRNA?
In eukaryotes, what process involves adding a long string of adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of the mRNA?
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What is the name of the RNA molecule that combines with the ribosome to direct protein synthesis?
What is the name of the RNA molecule that combines with the ribosome to direct protein synthesis?
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Which of the following occurs before mRNA is translated by the ribosome in eukaryotes?
Which of the following occurs before mRNA is translated by the ribosome in eukaryotes?
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What is the main function of a 5' cap added to mRNA in eukaryotes?
What is the main function of a 5' cap added to mRNA in eukaryotes?
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In prokaryotes, what is the relationship between the primary transcript and mRNA?
In prokaryotes, what is the relationship between the primary transcript and mRNA?
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What is the purpose of adding a 5' cap to a primary RNA transcript?
What is the purpose of adding a 5' cap to a primary RNA transcript?
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What is the function of a 3' poly(A) tail added to a primary RNA transcript?
What is the function of a 3' poly(A) tail added to a primary RNA transcript?
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Which process allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins?
Which process allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins?
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What happens to introns during RNA processing in eukaryotes?
What happens to introns during RNA processing in eukaryotes?
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What is the role of UTRs in mature mRNAs?
What is the role of UTRs in mature mRNAs?
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Which term best describes alternative RNA splicing?
Which term best describes alternative RNA splicing?
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Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of RNA processing in eukaryotes?
Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of RNA processing in eukaryotes?
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Why is it crucial to have a primary transcript that is longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus?
Why is it crucial to have a primary transcript that is longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus?
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What is the role of polyadenylation in RNA processing?
What is the role of polyadenylation in RNA processing?
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Which aspect contributes to making an interaction between adenine and cytosine in DNA unstable?
Which aspect contributes to making an interaction between adenine and cytosine in DNA unstable?
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What happens during 5' cap addition in mRNA processing?
What happens during 5' cap addition in mRNA processing?
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In RNA splicing, what is the function of ribozymes?
In RNA splicing, what is the function of ribozymes?
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What is the purpose of the 5' cap addition in mRNA processing?
What is the purpose of the 5' cap addition in mRNA processing?
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How does the absence of the polyA tail affect mRNA translation?
How does the absence of the polyA tail affect mRNA translation?
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What role does RNA splicing play in mRNA processing?
What role does RNA splicing play in mRNA processing?
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In eukaryotes, where does the process of transcription occur?
In eukaryotes, where does the process of transcription occur?
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Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
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What impact would a mutation in the DNA sequence have on mRNA translation?
What impact would a mutation in the DNA sequence have on mRNA translation?
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Where does the small ribosomal subunit bind during translation initiation in bacteria?
Where does the small ribosomal subunit bind during translation initiation in bacteria?
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In translation, what is the role of the initiator tRNA?
In translation, what is the role of the initiator tRNA?
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What happens at the termination phase of translation?
What happens at the termination phase of translation?
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Where are amino acids added during translation?
Where are amino acids added during translation?
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During translation elongation, what happens when the ribosome moves down the mRNA by one codon?
During translation elongation, what happens when the ribosome moves down the mRNA by one codon?
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What defines where the next tRNA will bind during protein synthesis?
What defines where the next tRNA will bind during protein synthesis?
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What is the main role of RNA splicing in mRNA processing?
What is the main role of RNA splicing in mRNA processing?
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Which component plays a vital role in protecting mRNA from degradation?
Which component plays a vital role in protecting mRNA from degradation?
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What is the function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?
What is the function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?
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Which process leads to the removal of introns during mRNA processing?
Which process leads to the removal of introns during mRNA processing?
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What occurs during translocation in translation?
What occurs during translocation in translation?
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What is the primary purpose of adding a poly(A) tail to mRNA?
What is the primary purpose of adding a poly(A) tail to mRNA?
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What happens to the tRNA attached to the growing protein during translation termination?
What happens to the tRNA attached to the growing protein during translation termination?
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What is the role of a release factor in translation termination?
What is the role of a release factor in translation termination?
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Which region of mature mRNAs plays a crucial role in regulating translation efficiency?
Which region of mature mRNAs plays a crucial role in regulating translation efficiency?
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What is the purpose of post-translational modifications in protein processing?
What is the purpose of post-translational modifications in protein processing?
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Which step follows translation in protein synthesis?
Which step follows translation in protein synthesis?
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What determines a protein's shape and function before it becomes functional?
What determines a protein's shape and function before it becomes functional?
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During transcription, what do promoters indicate and where are they located?
During transcription, what do promoters indicate and where are they located?
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What happens when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA duplex during initiation in transcription?
What happens when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA duplex during initiation in transcription?
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Which direction does the new RNA strand grow during transcription?
Which direction does the new RNA strand grow during transcription?
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What is the function of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in RNA synthesis?
What is the function of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in RNA synthesis?
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What role do tRNAs play in the process of translation?
What role do tRNAs play in the process of translation?
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Which cellular component is primarily responsible for post-translational modifications of proteins?
Which cellular component is primarily responsible for post-translational modifications of proteins?
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What is the primary function of RNA splicing in mRNA processing?
What is the primary function of RNA splicing in mRNA processing?
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How is the primary transcript different from mRNA in eukaryotes?
How is the primary transcript different from mRNA in eukaryotes?
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Which modification occurs at the 3' end of the mRNA during RNA processing?
Which modification occurs at the 3' end of the mRNA during RNA processing?
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What is the significance of the 5' cap addition in mRNA processing?
What is the significance of the 5' cap addition in mRNA processing?
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During transcription, the template strand is used to synthesize an RNA transcript that is complementary to the non-template strand of DNA.
During transcription, the template strand is used to synthesize an RNA transcript that is complementary to the non-template strand of DNA.
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Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) pair with complementary RNA bases during transcription.
Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) pair with complementary RNA bases during transcription.
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RNA polymerase binds to the DNA duplex at terminator sequences during transcription initiation.
RNA polymerase binds to the DNA duplex at terminator sequences during transcription initiation.
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The new RNA strand grows in the 3' to 5' direction during transcription.
The new RNA strand grows in the 3' to 5' direction during transcription.
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Promoters in transcription indicate where a gene ends and which DNA strand is the template strand.
Promoters in transcription indicate where a gene ends and which DNA strand is the template strand.
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During transcription, RNA polymerase creates a transcription bubble by separating the two strands of DNA.
During transcription, RNA polymerase creates a transcription bubble by separating the two strands of DNA.
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RNA polymerase transcribes a transcription-initiation signal.
RNA polymerase transcribes a transcription-initiation signal.
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In prokaryotes, a hairpin structure is formed by the RNA downstream of the termination signal.
In prokaryotes, a hairpin structure is formed by the RNA downstream of the termination signal.
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Eukaryotic transcription uses a hairpin structure as a termination signal.
Eukaryotic transcription uses a hairpin structure as a termination signal.
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DNA polymerase is directly involved in transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
DNA polymerase is directly involved in transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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In prokaryotic transcription, ribosomes are required for the process.
In prokaryotic transcription, ribosomes are required for the process.
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RNA nucleotides can be added to either end of a growing RNA polynucleotide during transcription.
RNA nucleotides can be added to either end of a growing RNA polynucleotide during transcription.
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In prokaryotes, the primary transcript is synonymous with mRNA.
In prokaryotes, the primary transcript is synonymous with mRNA.
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RNA splicing involves the excision of exons, leaving only the introns intact.
RNA splicing involves the excision of exons, leaving only the introns intact.
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Polyadenylation is a type of chemical modification that occurs before mRNA translation by the ribosome.
Polyadenylation is a type of chemical modification that occurs before mRNA translation by the ribosome.
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RNA splicing occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes at the same efficiency rate.
RNA splicing occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes at the same efficiency rate.
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The primary function of a 5' cap added to mRNA is to indicate the start codon for translation.
The primary function of a 5' cap added to mRNA is to indicate the start codon for translation.
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In eukaryotes, the primary transcript contains only the gene information transcribed, while mRNA includes additional regulatory elements.
In eukaryotes, the primary transcript contains only the gene information transcribed, while mRNA includes additional regulatory elements.
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DNA and RNA have the same nucleotide bases.
DNA and RNA have the same nucleotide bases.
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In RNA molecules, uracil pairs with thymine.
In RNA molecules, uracil pairs with thymine.
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During transcription, the DNA double helix separates to allow the synthesis of RNA.
During transcription, the DNA double helix separates to allow the synthesis of RNA.
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RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing RNA strand during transcription.
RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing RNA strand during transcription.
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The mRNA produced during transcription is ready for translation without any further processing.
The mRNA produced during transcription is ready for translation without any further processing.
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Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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During translation elongation, the uncharged tRNA from the A site moves into the E site and is ejected from the ribosome.
During translation elongation, the uncharged tRNA from the A site moves into the E site and is ejected from the ribosome.
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In translation, the initiator tRNA is in the P site at the start of elongation.
In translation, the initiator tRNA is in the P site at the start of elongation.
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Translocation during elongation occurs when the ribosome moves one codon towards the 5' end of the mRNA.
Translocation during elongation occurs when the ribosome moves one codon towards the 5' end of the mRNA.
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During translation termination, a release factor enters the P site of the ribosome.
During translation termination, a release factor enters the P site of the ribosome.
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Aminoacyl tRNA binds to the codon in the E site during translation elongation.
Aminoacyl tRNA binds to the codon in the E site during translation elongation.
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In translation termination, a release factor resembles tRNAs in size and shape.
In translation termination, a release factor resembles tRNAs in size and shape.
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