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Questions and Answers
What did Jose Rizal declare he would do in his alleged retraction?
What did Jose Rizal declare he would do in his alleged retraction?
Which source published the first text of Rizal's alleged retraction?
Which source published the first text of Rizal's alleged retraction?
Who reportedly discovered the original text of Rizal's retraction in 1935?
Who reportedly discovered the original text of Rizal's retraction in 1935?
What was a significant concern about the authenticity of Rizal's retraction?
What was a significant concern about the authenticity of Rizal's retraction?
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On what date did the second text of Rizal's alleged retraction appear?
On what date did the second text of Rizal's alleged retraction appear?
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What was the nature of Rizal's feeling towards Masonry according to the alleged retraction?
What was the nature of Rizal's feeling towards Masonry according to the alleged retraction?
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What skeptical perspective did Fr. Pi have regarding the copy of Rizal's retraction?
What skeptical perspective did Fr. Pi have regarding the copy of Rizal's retraction?
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How long after Rizal's execution was the 'original' retraction discovered?
How long after Rizal's execution was the 'original' retraction discovered?
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What significant difference exists between the Jesuits' copies of Rizal's retraction and the original texts regarding the word choice?
What significant difference exists between the Jesuits' copies of Rizal's retraction and the original texts regarding the word choice?
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Which of the following omissions is found in the Jesuits' copies of the retraction?
Which of the following omissions is found in the Jesuits' copies of the retraction?
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What inconsistency arises from Fr. Balaguer's statements about the retraction's formula?
What inconsistency arises from Fr. Balaguer's statements about the retraction's formula?
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Why is there doubt over the authenticity of Fr. Balaguer's claimed 'exact' copy of Rizal's retraction?
Why is there doubt over the authenticity of Fr. Balaguer's claimed 'exact' copy of Rizal's retraction?
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How many versions of Rizal's retraction have emerged since his execution, according to the content?
How many versions of Rizal's retraction have emerged since his execution, according to the content?
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What did Josephine Bracken receive from Jose Rizal as a parting gift?
What did Josephine Bracken receive from Jose Rizal as a parting gift?
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What was notable about the paragraph structure in Fr. Balaguer's text of the retraction?
What was notable about the paragraph structure in Fr. Balaguer's text of the retraction?
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Which of the following was noted as a source for the alleged retractions and their forgeries?
Which of the following was noted as a source for the alleged retractions and their forgeries?
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What factor contributed to the ongoing debate over Rizal's retraction after his death?
What factor contributed to the ongoing debate over Rizal's retraction after his death?
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According to the information, who testified to witnessing Rizal's retraction?
According to the information, who testified to witnessing Rizal's retraction?
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Study Notes
Rizal's Retraction Controversy
- Rizal's alleged retraction, published in Spanish newspapers on December 30 and 31, 1896, was a declaration stating his conversion to Catholicism and renouncing views contrary to the Catholic Church.
- The retraction also condemned Masonry.
- Four versions of the retraction have surfaced.
- One was published on Dec 30, 1896 in La Voz Española and Diaro de Manila.
- Another appeared in El Imparcial on Dec 31, 1896; this was a shorter version.
- A third text, from an anonymous author (later revealed as Fr. Balaguer), was published in La Juventud in Barcelona on February 14, 1897.
- An alleged "original" text, discovered by Fr. Manuel Garcia in 1935 in the archdiocesan archives, had been missing for 39 years.
Analysis of Document Authenticity
- The textual differences between various purported versions of the retraction cast doubt on its authenticity.
- Jesuit copies, compared to newspaper versions and Fr. Balaguer's, show differences in wording, omissions, and phrasing, particularly regarding the use of "mi cualidad" versus "mi calidad", the presence of "Catolica," the use of "misma," and differences in paragraphing.
- Fr. Balaguer's testimony, though providing witnesses to Rizal's retraction, contradicts itself regarding how he obtained the alleged "exact" copy, and how it was delivered.
- Earlier accounts by Balaguer conflict with the specifics of this later testimony. He initially gave different accounts of how he obtained a retraction document, and how exactly he got it from Rizal.
- Balaguer's own declaration indicates the document may not have been directly from Rizal, or even entirely composed as a direct statement from Rizal. It was described as an "exact copy" of the retraction, though it was written or composed by someone else, or even written by Rizal.
- Araneta's analysis explores the possibility of intentional forgeries and manipulation of the retraction document. She raises questions about its origins.
Further Forgeries
- The article by Araneta mentions at least six more forged retractions that surfaced between Rizal's execution and the 1960s.
- These were photostat copies, pamphlets or facsimiles.
- There is no verifiable original or existing copy of the retraction document.
Rizal's Last Moments
- Josephine Bracken and Josefa Rizal visited Rizal on the morning of his execution.
- Accounts indicate the couple had a final married embrace that morning.
- Rizal gave Josephine a book on imitating Christ. Rizal inscribed the book to Josephine.
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Description
Explore the complexities surrounding Rizal's alleged retraction from 1896. This quiz delves into the various versions published, the implications of his conversion to Catholicism, and the analysis of the document's authenticity. Test your knowledge on this significant historical debate and its impact on Philippine history.
