Jose Rizal's Retraction and the Cry of Balintawak

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the main arguments against the authenticity of Jose Rizal's retraction document?

  • The original document was kept secret for 39 years. (correct)
  • Rizal's marriage certificate with Josephine Bracken was found.
  • Rizal had converted to Catholicism before his execution.
  • The document was publicly announced by Fr. Balaguer.

Who claimed to have received the retraction document from Rizal?

  • Fr. Antonio Obach
  • Ricardo Pascual Ph.D.
  • Fr. Balaguer (correct)
  • Romberto Poulo

What significant event is associated with the Cry of Balintawak?

  • Execution of Jose Rizal.
  • Establishment of the first Philippine Republic.
  • Beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spain. (correct)
  • Formation of the Katipunan.

Which version of the Cry indicates that Bonifacio and the Katipuneros fled before the uprising?

<p>Gregoria de Jesus' Version (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key figure argued that Rizal's Masonry affiliation affected his religious beliefs?

<p>Romberto Poulo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Jose Rizal's declarations in his retraction document?

<p>He calls for forgiveness from the Church. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The debate on launching the revolution at Pugad Lawin is associated with which version of the Cry?

<p>Pio Valenzuela's Version (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the behavior of Rizal before his execution, as argued by anti-retractionists?

<p>He continued to write about nationalism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary land ownership concept during the Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines?

<p>Shared stewardship within barangays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system allowed Christianized natives to farm land during the Spanish Era?

<p>Pueblo System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law primarily led to the systematic registration of property in the Philippines during the Spanish Era?

<p>Ley Hipotecaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the American Era land policies in the Philippines?

<p>Increased land accumulation by wealthy individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933 accomplish?

<p>Legalized a 50-50 share between landlords and tenants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the intent behind Manuel L. Quezon’s land reform efforts during the Commonwealth Era?

<p>To purchase haciendas for redistribution to tenants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did the HUKBALAHAP resistance movement emerge?

<p>Japanese Era (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events led to widespread peasant uprisings against land exploitation in the Philippines?

<p>The Revolution of 1896 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main feature of the Rice Tenancy Law (RA 4054) during Quezon's administration?

<p>50-50 crop sharing between landlord and tenant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which challenge significantly impacted the implementation of land reform initiatives during Quezon's administration?

<p>Lack of political will from local councils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did Republic Act No. 34 introduce during Roxas' administration?

<p>A 70-30 crop sharing system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) during Quirino's administration?

<p>To facilitate peasant resettlement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act during Magsaysay's administration specifically focused on protecting tenant rights?

<p>RA No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant limitation faced by the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) during Magsaysay's administration?

<p>Limited funding and resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable outcome of the challenges faced during the land reform initiatives in the Philippines?

<p>Return of land to landlords by farmers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts aimed to promote land resettlement during Magsaysay's administration?

<p>RA No. 1160 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of RA No. 3844 during the Macapagal Administration?

<p>To convert tenants into owner-cultivators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Presidential Decree during the Marcos Administration emancipated tenants from soil bondage?

<p>Presidential Decree No. 27 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of the Tobacco Monopoly established by Jose Basco y Vargas?

<p>It was limited to specific regions such as Nueva Ecija (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the challenges faced during the implementation of agrarian reform in the country?

<p>Lack of funds for implementation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Spanish colonial period, what replaced the tribute system in 1884?

<p>Cedula Personal tax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the five components of agrarian reform during the Marcos Administration?

<p>Financial Expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Encomienda System during Spanish colonial rule?

<p>To protect natives and convert them to Christianity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Polo y Servicios' during the Spanish colonial period?

<p>A system of forced labor for males aged 16-60 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Domingo Salazar advocate against during his time as the Bishop of Manila?

<p>Abuses by encomenderos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document officially declared all slaves in the Philippines free?

<p>Royal Decree of August 9, 1589 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which notable Filipino writer is known for writing 'Florante at Laura'?

<p>Francisco Baltazar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of education was predominantly available during Spanish rule in the Philippines?

<p>Accessible primarily to upper-class individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which was the first book printed in the Philippines?

<p>Doctrina Christiana (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main impact of the arrival of missionary orders in the Philippines?

<p>Establishment of churches and schools (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a school established during the Spanish rule?

<p>Liceo de Manila (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the Education Decree of 1863?

<p>Mandatory Spanish language in schools (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Retraction of Jose Rizal

Alleged return to Catholic faith and marriage to Josephine Bracken.

Pro-Retraction View

Supporters claimed Rizal's retraction showed true Catholic allegiance.

Anti-Retraction Argument

Skeptics believed the retraction was a deception.

Key Figure - Fr. Balaguer

Claimed to have received Rizal's retraction document.

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The Cry of Balintawak

A pivotal moment of revolution during August 1896.

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Pio Valenzuela's Version

Said the Cry occurred on August 23, 1896, at Pugad Lawin.

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Cedulas Symbolism

Tearing of cedulas represented rebellion against Spain.

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Conflicting Accounts of Cry

Various versions of the event emerged, creating date and location disputes.

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Barangay System

A community unit of 30-100 families in pre-colonial Philippines.

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Kaingin Farming

A method involving slash-and-burn agriculture practiced before the 16th century.

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Pueblo System

Spanish era system granting Christianized natives limited land to cultivate, owned by the king.

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Hacienda System

Large estates controlled by Spaniards and religious orders during the Spanish era.

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Encomienda System

A system granting land to Spaniards with native labor in exchange for protection.

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Philippine Bill of 1902

Legislation allowing land ownership of up to 16 hectares by individuals.

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Rice Share Tenancy Act (1933)

Legislation legalizing a 50-50 share of produce between landlords and tenants.

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HUKBALAHAP

An anti-Japanese resistance force formed during the Japanese occupation from 1942-1945.

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Domingo Salazar

First Bishop of Manila who denounced encomendero abuses.

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Royal Decree of 1589

Ended encomienda abuses but did not fully eliminate the system.

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Abolition of Slavery

Declared all slaves in the Philippines free on August 9, 1589.

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Jose Dela Cruz

Notable Filipino poet and playwright known as Huseng Sisiw.

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Doctrina Christiana

First book printed in the Philippines in 1593.

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University of Santo Tomas

Established in 1611, oldest university in the Philippines.

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Education Decree of 1863

Provided free primary education and mandated schools for boys and girls.

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Spanish Language Influence

Spanish became the language of administration and education but was limited to elites.

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RA 4054

The Rice Tenancy Law establishing a 50-50 crop sharing system.

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Commonwealth Act No. 461

Required approval for tenant dismissal from the Tenancy Division.

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National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARICC)

Established to support peasant rights and welfare.

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Republic Act No. 34

Introduced a 70-30 crop sharing system for tenants and landlords.

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Executive Order No. 355

Created the Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO).

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Agricultural Tenancy Act (RA No. 1199)

Governs landlord-tenant relations to protect tenant rights.

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Land Reform Act (RA No. 1400)

'Land to the Landless' program aimed at land redistribution.

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Court of Agricultural Relations

Established in 1955 to handle disputes between landlords and tenants.

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RA No. 3844

Agricultural Land Reform Code enacted on August 8, 1963, aiming to abolish share tenancy and promote ownership among tenants.

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Father of Agrarian Reform

Title given to President Macapagal for his significant contributions to land reform in the Philippines.

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Presidential Decree No. 27

Decree that emancipated tenants from soil bondage, establishing landholding ceilings at 7 hectares.

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Five Components of Agrarian Reform

Key elements involved in agrarian reform: Land Tenure, Institutional Development, Physical Development, Agricultural Development, and Human Resources.

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Tribute (1565-1884)

Tax paid by natives to recognize Spanish sovereignty, later replaced by Cedula Personal tax in 1884.

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Forced Labor (Polo y Servicios)

System requiring males aged 16-60 to work 40 days a year; those who worked were called 'polistas'.

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Tobacco Monopoly (1781)

Established by Jose Basco Y Vargas, it limited tobacco production to specific regions.

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Study Notes

Retraction of Jose Rizal

  • Rizal allegedly reverted to Catholicism and married Josephine Bracken.
  • Pro-retractionists claimed this was true, while anti-retractionists deemed it a deception.
  • Key figures involved in the controversy included: Rafael Palma (opposed by the Church), Romberto Poulo (believed Rizal's beliefs changed), Fr. Balaguer (claimed to receive the retraction), Fr. Antonio Obach (alleged Rizal wrote a retraction then took it back), and Ricardo Pascual Ph.D. (believed the retraction to be a forgery).
  • Arguments against the retraction's authenticity included the document's secrecy (found decades later), lack of marriage certification for Rizal and Bracken, inevitable execution regardless of retraction, and Rizal's actions/letters showing nationalism rather than submission.

The Cry of Balintawak

  • There's debate on the precise date (August 20-26, 1896).
  • Various locations are also disputed (Balintawak, Pugad Lawin, Kangkong, Bahay Toro, and Pasong Tamo).
  • Different accounts exist, with key versions including: Pio Valenzuela's (August 23, 1896) of meetings in Kangkong, followed by Pugad Lawin; Teodoro Plata's opposition to the revolution; descriptions of Katipuneros tearing cedulas, shouting for the Philippines; Gregoria de Jesus's account (August 25, 1896), placing the cry near Caloocan with Bonifacio leading the Katipuneros to the hills; Santiago Alvarez's account (August 24, 1896) focusing on Melchora Aquino's barn; and Guillermo Masangkay's version (August 26, 1896), showing Bonifacio leading the revolt at Balintawak with opposing viewpoints.

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