Rizal Law (Republic Act 1425) Overview

Republic Act No. 1425, which requires the inclusion of Jose Rizal's works, particularly Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, in the curricula of all educational institutions in the Philippines.

One of Jose Rizal's novels, critically examining social and political issues in the Philippines during Spanish colonization.

Another novel by Jose Rizal, which continues the story of Noli Me Tangere, focusing on revolution and social reform.

The Catholic Church strongly opposed the Rizal Law due to its criticism of the Church and its teachings.

The Rizal Law mandates the use of original or unexpurgated editions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in collegiate courses.

A Filipino concept of a selfless individual who prioritizes the well-being of their community and nation over their own interests.

A Western concept that describes an individual who exhibits extraordinary courage and abilities, often working independently to achieve a specific goal.

A 'bayani' is selfless and places community before self-interest, while a 'hero' is often more individualistic and focuses on extraordinary feats. 'Bayani' is rooted in Filipino culture, while 'hero' is a Western concept.

A renowned Filipino artist known for his masterpiece 'Spoliarium', which depicted the brutality of Spanish colonization and won recognition in Europe.

A Filipino political analyst and writer who advocated for Philippine reform during Spanish colonization. He founded the nationalist newspaper 'Diariong Tagalog' to spread his ideas.

A prominent figure in the Philippine Revolution, known as 'Tandang Sora' and 'Mother of Balintawak', who provided support and shelter to revolutionaries.

A masterpiece or a significant work of art, often considered the most important in an individual's career.

The masterpiece painting by Juan Luna depicting the aftermath of a Roman gladiatorial combat, symbolizing the brutality and injustice of Spanish colonial rule.

A theory that views nationalism as a natural and inherent feature of human societies, rooted in ancient evolutionary tendencies towards group formation based on shared identity and birth location.

A theory that views nationalism as a product of modernity, emerging from economic and political developments that led to the creation of nations and national identities.

A group of people sharing a common language, culture, history, and territory, who see themselves as a distinct unit with a shared fate and identity.

A feeling of loyalty and pride towards one's nation, along with a desire for self-determination and independence.

The right of a nation to govern itself and make its own decisions without external interference.

Primordialism views nationalism as innate and ancient, while Modernism sees it as a product of modern developments. Put simply, one sees nationalism as something that has always existed, the other sees it as something created recently.

A nation consists of: a shared language, culture, history, and territory. These elements contribute to a collective sense of unity and shared destiny.

Self-determination allows a nation to shape its own destiny and pursue its own aspirations, free from external control. This is vital for a nation's sovereignty, autonomy, and overall well-being.

The end of the Galleon Trade in 1815 led to a shift in Philippine commerce, allowing for the diversification of trade and commerce.

Events like the Mexican Revolution, trade liberalization, and the opening of the Suez Canal significantly contributed to the decline of the Galleon Trade.

Governor-General Jose Basco y Vargas attempted to promote Philippine economic autonomy by regulating commerce, monopolizing cash crops, and establishing the Royal Philippine Company.

American, British, and other European merchants played a crucial role in expanding Philippine commerce, shaping the country's trade landscape.

The opening of Manila to global trade in 1834 brought significant socio-economic changes to the Philippines, impacting the colony's development.

The arrival of liberal ideas and a more repressive governor, Rafael Izquierdo, led to unrest and revolts in the Philippines.

The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 stemmed from discontent among colonial troops and laborers due to oppressive demands from the Spanish government.

The Cavite Mutiny led to the execution of three secular priests and exile of Filipino reformists, highlighting the harsh response of the Spanish colonial authorities.

A Spanish constitution that was established following the Napoleonic Wars. It promoted national sovereignty, representation, separation of powers, freedom of the press, and free enterprise.

Catholic priests in the Philippines who were not affiliated with a religious order. They were mostly native Filipinos.

Catholic priests in the Philippines who were part of an established religious order. They were mostly Spanish.

A movement in the Philippines where Filipino priests advocated for the replacement of Spanish regular clergy (Regulares) with Filipino secular clergy (Seculares).

Large landholdings owned by the Catholic Church in the Philippines, which were a source of significant wealth and influence.

The economic growth in the Philippines during the 19th century led to the emergence of a wealthy Filipino elite, including the principalia and mestizo-middle class, who challenged the colonial rule.

The economic progress, social changes, and political challenges in the Philippines during the 19th century contributed significantly to the rise of Filipino nationalism and the Philippine Revolution.

The Regular Priests, through their education, inadvertently promoted nationalism and the idea of progress among young Filipinos.

A legal grant given by the Spanish Crown that controlled indigenous labor, often implying forced labor or tributes.

Large estates used for agricultural production, relying on local labor.

A series of estates that were initially owned by Don Manuel Jauregui and later entrusted to the Society of Jesus.

Discontent and revolts among the populace due to unfair land practices, particularly in provinces with Friar estates.

Increased occurrences of banditry and the emergence of messianic movements as a result of oppressive colonial policies.

The Spanish colonial government failed to provide basic necessities like schools, public works, and peace and security, contributing to widespread dissatisfaction.