Rizal: Childhood and Intellectual Revolution

Kabataan at Rebolusyong Pangkaisipan ni Dr. Rizal

• The topic discusses Rizal's childhood and intellectual revolution.

Pagsilang, Pamilya, at Kamusmusan

• Rizal was born on June 19, 1861.
• Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna.
• He was the seventh of eleven children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda.
• He was baptized on June 22, 1861 by Pari Rufino Collantes, the parish priest of Calamba, and his godfather was Pedro Casañas.
• Francisco (1818-1898) was born in Binan, Laguna, on May 11, 1818.
• He studied Latin and Philosophy at the Kolehiyo of San Jose in Manila.
• Francisco moved to Calamba after his parents' death and became a farmer on the Dominican estate.
• Francisco died in Manila on January 5, 1898, at the age of 80.
• Rizal called his father "Huwarang Ama".
• Dona Teodora (1826-1911) was the mother of the hero.
• She was born in Manila on November 8, 1826.
• Studied at the Kolehiyo of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for women in the city. -"My Mother is unique; she knows literature and speaks better Spanish than I do."
• She corrected Rizal's poems and gave advice when he studied rhetoric.
• Teodora was good at mathematics and read many books.
• She died in Manila on August 16, 1911, at the age of 85.

Ang mga Magkakapatid

• Saturnina (1850 – 1913) was the eldest of the Rizal siblings, nicknamed Neneng, and married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas.
• Paciano was Jose Rizal's brother and confidant.
• He joined the Philippine Revolution and became a General after his younger brother was executed.
• After the Revolution, he retired to his farm in Los Banos, where he became a farmer and died on April 30, 1930, a bachelor.
• Paciano was 79, and had two children in his relationship with Severina Decena (a man and a woman).
• Narcisa (1852 – 1939) was nicknamed Sisa and married Antonio Lopez (nephew of Padre Leoncio Lopez), a teacher in Morong.
• Olympia (1855-1887) married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila.
• Lucia (1857 – 1919) married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, a nephew of Padre Casañas.
• Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied a Christian burial because he was Rizal's brother-in-law.
• Maria (1859 – 1945) was nicknamed Biang.
• She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan, Laguna.
• Jose (1861 – 1896) was nicknamed Pepe.
• While imprisoned in Dapitan he lived with Josephine Bracken, and produced a son named Francisco who was named after his father.
• Concepcion (1862 – 1865) was nicknamed Concha.
• She died of illness at the age of 3 and greatly saddened Rizal.
• Josefa (1865 – 1945) was nicknamed Panggoy.
• She died as an old maid at the age of 80.
• Trinidad (1868 – 1951) was nicknamed Trining.
• She died as an old maid in 1951 at the age of 83.
• Soledad (1870 – 1929) was the youngest of the Rizal siblings, nicknamed Choleng.
• She married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.

Ang Pangalan ng Bayani (The Name of the Hero)

• Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda is Rizal's full name.
• Jose was named by his mother in honor of San Jose, who was born on March 19.
• Protacio was taken from the calendar because everyone born on June 19 has a corresponding name on the Catholic calendar, either Gervacio y Protacio or Sta. Julian falconeri.
• During the Spanish era, the child's name was taken from the calendar.
• The surname Mercado came from his ancestor Domingo Lamco, a Chinese merchant.
• The surname Rizal was chosen by Don Francisco in accordance with the decree of Gob. Narciso Claveria.
• He chose Rizal because it was taken from the Spanish word Ricial, a fitting name for a farmer meaning "Green Field(s)".
• The surname Realonda came from his mother's surname, which was taken from her godmother.

Pre-formal Education

• Donya Teodora Alonzo taught Values, Christian beliefs, and Prayers
• She also taught Rizal the alphabet and basic arithmetic.
• Paciano Mercado Rizal taught Justice and Injustice
• He also encouraged Questions on authority as well as Freedom and Equality

Familial Learnings

• Tiyo Jose Alberto taught - Visual arts and sculptures
• Tiyo Manuel taught - Sports and recreation
• Tiyo Gregorio – Reading literature

Rizal's Tutors

• Maestro Celestino was the first tutor of Rizal.
• Maestro Lucas Padua was the second tutor of Rizal.
• Leon Monroy – a friend of Rizal's father who taught him Spanish and Latin.

Elementary Life in Binan

• Jose was accompanied by his brother Paciano when he left for Binan.
• Jose lodged at his aunt's house in Binan.
• Rizal's school in Binan was in the house of his teacher, Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
• Pedro, the teacher's son, didnt' like Jose. He bullied Rizal, and this led to Jose's first school brawl.
• Jose also took painting lessons in Binan, taught by an old painter named Juancho, his schoolteacher's father-in-law.
• He was the best student in school, beating all the Binan boys.
• His schooling in Binan lasted for a year and a half.

Ateneo De Municipal

• Formerly known as Escuela Pia (School of workers)
• Established by the Jesuits
• The name Literal means the School of Athens
• Jose's father intended for him to study at Letran, but changed his mind and sent him to the Ateneo instead.
• Jose adopted the name Rizal to escape suspicion because his brother Paciano had used the name Mercado. Paciano was known to the authorities as Jose Burgos' favorite student.
• The quality of education in the Ateneo was more advanced.
• Students were divided into two groups: the "Roman Empire" (boarders) and the "Carthaginian Empire" (non-boarders).
• Rizal earned a Bachiller en Artes degree.

Univercidad De Santo Tomas

• It is the oldest Catholic university in Asia.
• The Dominican Order established it.
• Jose transferred to the medical course after finishing a year in Philosophy and Letters.
• He enrolled in UST for two reasons: to appease his father and because he was still unsure of what career he should pursue.
• He finished a surveying course in the Ateneo but was not given the title of Surveyor.
• He was still 17 and underage.
• Rizal decided to study in Spain after finishing four years of the medical course.
• He did not seek his parents' permission for this, because he knew they would not allow it.

Comparison

• Ateneo De Municipal offered secondary education.
• Ateneo De Municipal had modern facilities.
• Ateneo De Municipal had equality.
• Ateneo De Municipal action-based learning.
• Univercidad De Sto. Tomas offered university education.
• Univercidad De Sto. Tomas was a traditional university.
• Univercidad De Sto. Tomas had discrimination.
• Univercidad De Sto. Tomas theory-based learning.

Rizal's love interests

• Julia was Dr. Rizal's puppy love.
  • He met Julia one day in April 1877 while on the shore of the Dampit River, Los Baños, Laguna to bathe.
• Segunda Katigbak was Rizal's first love.
  • She was a fourteen (14) year old lass who was the sister of Pepe's classmate and friend, Mariano Katigbak.
  • She attended the Kolehiyo of La Concordia where Rizal's sister Olympia also studied.
• Leonor Valenzuela was also known as "Orang".
  • She was fourteen years old and Rizal was eighteen years old (18).
    • The two were neighbors in Intramuros when Rizal occasionally attended school at the University of Santo Tomas. A tall woman, from Pagsanjan Laguna.
• Leonor Rivera was the daughter of his uncle, Antonio Rivera, who was the cousin of his father, Francisco.
  • She became his sweetheart when she was studying at Santo Tomas.
  • She was Rizal's inspiration in creating the character of Maria Clara in Noli.
  • She was his cousin.
  • Leonor used the pseudonym Taimis in their writing.
  • Their relationship lasted 11 years.
  • During those times, the maiden was his inspiration in his academic studies.
• Consuelo Ortiga y Rey
  • Pepe kept Consuelo a secret.
  • He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera during those times.
    • His friend Eduardo de Lete, a mestizo from Leyte, had feelings for the lady.
  • Friendship prevailed over the woman.
• O Sei-San's real name was Seiko Usui, a Samurai's daughter.
  • The maiden worked at the Spanish settlement in Tokyo.
  • In February 1888, Pepe worked at the Spanish settlement in Japan.
    • Able to speak English and French, the Japanese quickly formed a relationship.
• Gertrude Beckett
  • Gertrude was one of Charles Beckett's six children.
    • Charles was the Englishman that owned 37 Chalcot Cresent, where Rizal stayed in May 1888. Suzane Jacoby
  • She abandoned Paris due to high costs and went to Brussels and stayed there.
    • Suzane was the niece of the landlord of Rizal's boarding room in Brussels in February 1890.
      • They were together for six months.
• Nellie Boustead was of Filipino blood.
• Her mother was Filipina while her father was Eduardo Boustead, a businessman. Antonio, the brother of the famous painter Juan had romantic interests in her.
  • Rizal lived in Villa Eliada in Biarritz, French Riviera in February 1891.
  • He became close to the whole family.
• He was first attracted to Nelly's older sister, Adelina.
  • Nelly gave him a condition that Rizal must embrace Protestantism and secede from Catholicism.
  • Rizal did not agree to embrace Protestantism.
    • The couple broke up while remaining friends.

Pastora Necesario

• Pastora was a weaver from Dapitan.
  • She was known as Torak.
• The two became friends when Rizal lived in Dapitan.
• She frequently visited Casa de Torak and observed his weaving.
• Josephine can be considered Rizal's legal wife.
  • Her parents were both Irish, but she was born in Hong Kong.
  • Pope calls her Dulce extranjera.
• Josephine was cared for by the Dominican friars.
  • The couple's sisters did not vote for her because they thought she was their spy. - Pepe arranged their marriage upon Josephine's return to Dapitan from his parents' stay in Manila. - He conversed with Padre Antonio Obach of Dapitan, informing him that they could only get married if Rizal recants
    • Despite this, the couple continued their marriage despite lacking a church blessing.
• Pepe and Bracken had a child, but the infant died soon after birth. Rizal decided to name his kid Francisco. - After Rizal died, Josephine joined the Katipunan and went to the mountains. - She returned to Hong Kong to live with her father a year later.
  • She married Vicente Abad in 1900.