Dr. Jose Rizal: Philippines' National Hero

Dr. Jose Rizal: National Hero of the Philippines

• Born Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
• Born in Laguna on June 19, 1861, and died in Rizal Park, Manila on December 30, 1896
• Seventh child of Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro and Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos

Naming Conventions

• "Jose" was a tribute to Saint Joseph.
• "Protacio" was the patron saint whose feast coincided with Jose's birthday around June 19th.
• "Rizal" was derived from "Recial," a Spanish word meaning "green field," adhering to the Claveria Decree for surname selection.
• "Mercado" was the family's original surname, meaning "market."
• "Alonzo" was Dona Teodora's first surname.
• "Realonda" was Dona Teodora's chosen new surname, taken from her godmother, aligning with Governor-General Narciso Claveria's decree.

Early Education

• Dona Teodora served as Jose's first teacher.
• Instruction included reading, writing, arithmetic, prayers, and responses.
• At nine, Rizal was sent to Binyang and studied under Justiniano Aquino Cruz.

Academic Pursuits

• Attended Ateneo Municipal de Manila, starting January 20, 1872.
• Studied Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas before shifting to medicine.
• Continued medical studies and pursued Philosophy and Letters in Madrid, Spain.

Literary Success

• Authored "Mi Ultimo Adio" ("Last Farewell") before his execution on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan, now Rizal Park or Luneta.
• El Filibusterismo, the sequel to Noli Me Tangere, was published in Ghent, Belgium, in 1891.

Linguistic Abilities

• Proficient in multiple languages, demonstrating DALUBWIKA or expertise in languages
• Languages include Tagalog, Latin, Spanish, Greek, Hebrew, Russian, English, Italian, Sanskrit, French, German, Arabic, Portuguese, Catalan, Japanese and others

Noli Me Tangere Background

• According to Dr. Blumentritt, Noli Me Tangere was "written in the blood of the heart."
• Rizal was only twenty-four years old when he wrote his first novel, Noli Me Tangere.
• The novel is considered timeless, just as Jose Rizal's heroism is immortal.
• The phrase "Noli Me Tangere," from the Gospel of San Lucas, means "touch me not." (this should be John 20:13-17)
• Wandering jew inspired him to write a novel to awaken Filipinos to unveil the abuses by the spaniards
• Uncle Tom's Cabin showed the abuses of Americans to the negro people
• He started writing bfore 1884 in Madrid, continued in paris in 1885 and finished febraury 21 1887

Noli Me Tangere Publication

• Rizal completed Noli Me Tangere but lacked funds for publication.
• Salapi ang nagpahiram kay Rizal upang makapaglimbag ng 2,000 sipi nito na Imprenta Lette sa Berlin, Germany noong Marso 29, 1887.
• Friends and supporters worried that returning to the Philippines would put Rizal in harm's way due to those angered by his work.

Rizal's Reasons for Returning to the Philippines

• Desire to operate on his mother's worsening eye condition.
• Aim to clarify why Leonor Rivera did not reciprocate his letters between 1884 and 1887.
• Yearning to understand the impact of his novels on his nation and countrymen.

Rizal's Objectives in Writing Noli Me Tangere

• To address what no one has dared to do.
• Expose the hypocrisy of religious pretense.
• Lift the veil concealing the flawed system of Spanish governance.
• Make his countrymen conscious of their weaknesses and shortcomings.
• Reveal the distinction between true and false religion.

Noli Me Tangere Characters

• Don Crisostomo Magsalin Ibarra
• Maria Clara delos Santos
• Elias
• Pilosopong Tasyo
• Padre Damaso
• Padre Hernando Sibyla
• Donya Pia Alba delos Santos
• Tenyente Guevarra
• Basilio
• Crispin
• Kapitan Heneral
• Alperes
• Donya Consolacion
• Don Santiago "Kapitan Tiago" delos Santos
• Donya Victorina de Espadaña
• Don Rafael Ibarra
• Sisa
• Kapitan Basilio
• Don Filipo Lino
• Lucas
• Padre Bernardo Salvi
• Don Saturnino Ibarra
• Maestro Nol Juan
• Don Tiburcio de Espadaña
• Don Pedro Ibarra
• Mga Kaibigan ni Maria Clara
• Kapitana Maria
• Isabel
• Alfonso Linares
• Salome
• Andeng, Neneng, Sinang, Victoria, Iday, Albino, Leon

Chapter 1: A Gathering

• Set in Kapitan Tiago's home, the chapter illustrates the customs of Spaniards and their social stratification of Filipinos.
• A harmonious gathering devolves into a debate between Padre Damaso and the civil guard lieutenant.

Filipino Customs and Society Depicted

• Custom of Filipinos gathering together.
• Depicts varying behaviors based on social status.
• Kapitan Tiago's house symbolizes the openness of Filipinos, with its size indicative of prominent houses during the period.
  • It is big like many houses in the Philippines.
• Highlights Filipino traits, such as hospitality
• The Pagkamahiyain of women and their soft spoken behaviors

Symbolism within the Setting

• The humility of Kapitan Tiyago's house symbolizes the low morals of the Spaniards because they were able to trample on the Filipinos who owned the country. Guardia Civil
• A term for the police or military during the Spanish era.
  • Tenyente ng guardia civil is an old, tall, quiet, and frank soldier.

Key Characters Introduced

• Tenyente Guevarra is a loyal friend of Don Rafael Ibarra who recounts the truth to Crisostomo Ibarra (the son)
• Padre Hernando Sibyla is a Dominican priest in Binondo secretly monitoring Crisostomo Ibarra.
  • He Professed at the Kolehiyo ng San Juan de Letran
  • He speaks quietly and is great at debates
  • Tahimik at maingat sa pagsasalita.
• Padre Damaso is a Franciscan friar and former curate of San Diego who orders the exhumation and relocation of Don Rafael Ibarra's body.
  • He an example of a person easily moved and whose will is weak to praises not necessarily coming from the heart of the praiser.

Interactions and Conflicts

• Highlights the relationship between Ibarra and Padre Damaso, indicating the latter's involvement in Don Rafael Ibarra's death.
• Don Rafael Ibarra's defense of a boy leads to the accidental death of an artilleryman, triggering a series of events.

Social Classifications

• Indio - the negative term Spaniards used to describe Filipinos that was a snub for their low status and ignorance.

Chapter 2: Crisostomo Ibarra

• Introduces Crisostomo Ibarra, newly arrived from Europe, at Kapitan Tiago's dinner party.
• Padre Damaso's discomfort contrasts with the other guests' admiration for Ibarra, son of the deceased Don Rafael.

Don Crisostomo Magsaling Ibarra

• Son of Don Rafael Ibarra
• Educated in Europe, he envisions building a school for the youth of San Diego.
• Childhood friend and lover of Maria Clara.
• Represents educated Filipinos with progressive ideals
• Malusog, mukhang edukado at higit sa lahat ay kayumanggi ang kaniyang kulay ngunit ang kaniyang pisngi ay mamula-mula.
• The pure black attire of Crisostomo Ibarra symbolizes the death of his hope and extreme sadness.
• The death of hsi father is not yet transparent

Social Dynamics Unveiled

• Padre Damaso embodies Spanish disdain for Filipinos, like Crisostomo Ibarra, not all Filipinos let themselves be oppressed by the Spaniards.
• Father Damaso did not believ an Indio can be educated in Europe - which would be utter disrespect

Interaction with Tenyente Guevarra

"I hope you will be more fortunate than your father."

• The officer said that Don Rafael Ibarra is an honorable man. Ayon kay Tinyente Gueverra na lumapit at nagpakilala kay Crisostomo Ibarra.

• The fact was that no one wanted to know Cristosomo Ibarra so he took action himself

• because he was used to Aleman customs

Kapitan Tinong

• From Tondo and a friend of Kapitan Tiago Offered Ibarra a lunch to be shared but he politely declined

Social Interactions

• Guests approach the table for lunch successively, though women, especially Filipinas, need to be encouraged.
• it was the customs of Kapitan Tinong inviting Ibarra to a feast but instead humbly declined and replied "Salamat po, ngunit pupunta na po ako sa San Diego."

Chapter 3: At Dinner

• Guests dine together, admiring Ibarra's extensive European travels and linguistic skills.
• Padre Damaso's annoyance intensifies, leading to insults toward Ibarra, who responds with calm respect before excusing himself politely.
• Kabisera

Chapter Analysis

• Symbolically the ends of the Long TABLE,
• This illustrates who is considered the VIP of the gathering
• Padre Damaso is known for his insulting actions, this shows what the spaniards thought because they did not want Filipino students

The Kind of Meal Father Damaso Served

• Neck
• Leeg - pananakal ng mga Kastila sa mga Pilipino
• si Padre Damaso ay isang kastila na sumasakal sa atin at kumuha sa kalayaan natin.

Chapter 4: Heretic and Subversive

• Crisostomo is hurt and feels bad after knowing his father's past

• According to the officer his father is imprisoned

• Crisosotomo's last letter stated do not worry abotu him, study instead Erehe - a Christian who dissents and refuses to believe in some orders ordered by the Catholic Church. Supersibo - people who fight the existing system of government. Pilibustero - the person who opposes the friars or the Roman Catholic religion.

• Prayle - the powerful priest of the Roman Catholic Church who is a member of any male religious order, such as Augustinian, Dominican, Franciscan and Jesuit. Radikal - people who promote complete change. In the beginning, did not state that things changed

• In the story of Tenyente Guevarra about the father of Crisostomo Ibarra:

• It shows the discrimination of Filipinos then. Even if Don Rafael did good, he was still arrested.

  • It is always as wanted by the Spaniards even if the Filipinos did nothing wrong

• Shows hat people that Jose Rizal wanted to talk aobut not respect

Chapter 5: Star In Dark (Bituin sa Karimlan)

Crisostomo, no longer in his senses, went to Hotel Lala after talking to Officer Guevarra. Cruel and sad events that befell his father continued to play in his mind , causing him to ignore the beautiful scenery that could be seen on the other side of the river. The fonda de lala is a type of lodging.

• He made two versions:
  • An old man is dying in prison
  • Si Don Rafael na humihingi ng tulo
• The Spaniards then in power

Chapter 6: Kapitan tiago

• Known as the richest man in the Binondo
• Because of his wealth, a lot of people like hime Kaptain likes to give to the government and to the people
• Kapitan is 35, dark and stout bilugan
  • Good looking, black hair. Pia a beautiful wife for six years,
• Pia become depreseed

About the Three Saints Patron

- San Pascual Bailon;
- Santa Clara - "MARIA CLARA"
- Nuestra Senyora de Salambaw; 
   - Which gives children

Ayon kay Tinyente Gueverra na lumapit at nagpakilala kay Crisostomo Ibarra.

Mary Claire

• Cristomos gf represents girl the education they were given before
• 7 Years in prision

Isabel Aunt of Kaopitan taigo

• Took care of child since infant

Chapter 7: Suyuan sa balkohane

• Madadama mo sa kabanatang ito ang tunay at wagas na pagmamahalan nina Crisostomo Ibarra at Maria Clara
• Both of their families can be said to have been very close to one another

Symbolism

• Terrace
• "Remember that this offering is to thank the Holy Virgin for your coming."

The Insult of Father Damaso to Ibarra

• It also reveals the refusal of the Spaniards for Filipinos to study and instead be ignorant and know nothing.

Chapter 8: Memories

• The story starts to tell Ibarra remembers all the past, the memories of Ibarra and his love is - Street - a point of contact and the story

Botanical Gardens

• is a popular plant that is located in Manila specifically in the roads covered by P.Burgos, Concepcion, Arroceros, at Plaza Lawton
• It is located in this garden are different the kind of wild animals
• Because the story talks about in Intramuros

Chapter 9: Different events

• When Mary and the gang were ready to take their stuff from Betario, father comes
• Then they started having meetings

Chapter 10: The San Diego

• Was a ordinary plave in Philippines with sugar
• How rizal tries to teach all how the history and the bad things

Symbolism

• Woods - has a lot of stories
• Balete

Don Saturnino Ibarra

• Grandparent of Crisostomo and

Chapter 11: The influential

• Talked about the higher ups for the government and churhc

Kabanta 12: Todos Los Santos

• Can connect the Filipino's faith

In Kabanta 13: Hadyae ng Unos

• A strong force came on the way

Pilosopong Tasyo

• Which he would not do and said I did know
• And the teacher gave me