HTN + Pericardial AP III

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According to the table, which group of hypertensive patients had the highest incidence of perioperative hypertensive episodes?

Treated/rendered normotensive patients (correct)

Untreated/hypertensive patients

Treated/remain hypertensive patients

Normotensive patients

What is the primary risk factor for hypotension in hypertensive patients undergoing surgery?

Decreased vascular elasticity

Volume depletion

Baroreceptor desensitization

All of the above (correct)

Why is transient hypotension during the perioperative period particularly dangerous for hypertensive patients?

It can result in significant injury to the myocardium

It can result in significant injury to the kidneys

It can result in significant injury to the cerebral tissue

All of the above (correct)

What is the recommended approach for beta blocker therapy in hypertensive patients undergoing surgery?

Continue beta blockers throughout the perioperative period Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions should be asked regarding a hypertensive patient's antihypertensive medication use before surgery?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for diuretic therapy in hypertensive patients undergoing surgery?

Both b and c Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of cardiac tamponade?

Pressure imposed by the pericardium impairing diastolic filling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom related to compression of adjacent structures in pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic physical finding of cardiac tamponade?

Beck's Triad Signup and view all the answers

Why can general anesthesia and positive-pressure ventilation be dangerous in hemodynamically significant cardiac tamponade?

They can lead to hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial goal of anesthetic management in cardiac tamponade?

Maintaining sinus rhythm Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic modality is preferred for confirming the presence of cardiac tamponade?

Echocardiography Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in the obstetric management of primary pulmonary hypertension?

Maintain optimal mechanical coupling of the RV and the pulmonary circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of maternal mortality in cases of primary pulmonary hypertension during labor and the early postpartum period?

Right heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which vasodilators are used to determine responsiveness in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension?

Prostacyclin, NO, adenosine, prostaglandin E1 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of laparoscopy on patients with primary pulmonary hypertension?

Increased right heart filling pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension?

To determine responsiveness to vasodilators Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for hypoxemia in patients with pulmonary hypertension?

Increased oxygen extraction during exertion Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension, what role do calcium channel blockers play?

Decrease pulmonary vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

What technique is preferred during labor and delivery for patients with primary pulmonary hypertension?

Epidural analgesia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale in pulmonary hypertension?

Hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

What can transient pressurization of chest during thoracic procedures potentially lead to in patients with pulmonary hypertension?

Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pericarditis following a myocardial infarction (MI) is correct?

The acute presentation occurs 1-3 days after a transmural MI. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical treatment for acute pericarditis?

Immunosuppressive drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which form of relapsing pericarditis is NOT mentioned in the text?

Chronic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cardiac tamponade is correct?

It is dependent on the size and acuity of the pericardial effusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of constrictive pericarditis?

The pericardium becomes a rigid shell due to inflammation and scarring Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for constrictive pericarditis?

Stripping of the pericardium, which may require cardiopulmonary bypass Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with pericardial laceration?

Cardiac herniation, which would be managed similarly to cardiac tamponade Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of anesthetic management in cases of constrictive pericarditis?

Maintaining heart rate, contractility, systemic vascular resistance, and venous return Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of commotio cordis?

It is caused by a high-impact chest injury during ventricular repolarization Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for commotio cordis?

Immediate defibrillation Signup and view all the answers