Rise of Social Democracy in Late 19th Century

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What was the outcome of the merger between the Social Democratic Workers Party of Germany and the General German Workers' Association in 1875?

The legalisation of trade unions in Britain

The establishment of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (correct)

The formation of the Second International

The founding of the Fabian Society

What was the significance of the Reform Acts in Britain in 1867 and 1884?

The establishment of the Second International

The extension of franchise to working-class male voters (correct)

The founding of the Fabian Society

The legalisation of trade unions in Germany

What was the controversy within the SPD between 1898-1903?

The revisionist controversy (correct)

The use of parliamentary tactics by socialist parties

The role of anarchists in the Second International

The interpretation of Marxist ideas

What did Marx seem to allow for in his Critique of the Gotha Programme?

The possibility of gradual reforms enabling peaceful transition to some form of socialism Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Second International founded in 1889?

The expulsion of anarchists from the socialist movement Signup and view all the answers

What was a key question raised by the rise of social democracy?

Did democratisation of capitalist states in Europe open up the possibility of different routes to socialist transformation? Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the statement that class struggle is fundamental and irreconcilable?

Class struggle is unlikely to be ended by peaceful means. Signup and view all the answers

What is Bernstein's perspective on achieving socialism?

Through gradual reforms and democratic means. Signup and view all the answers

What did Bernstein emphasize in his approach to socialism?

The role of democracy and gradual reforms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Bernstein's approach and that of orthodox Marxists like Lenin?

Bernstein emphasizes reforms, while Lenin emphasizes revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the approach advocated by Rosa Luxemburg?

Emphasis on revolution through mass action from below. Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the criticism that Bernstein's ideas are 'utopian'?

His ideas are unrealistic and overly idealistic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of revolutionary variants of socialism?

Increasingly associated with official Communism of the USSR Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of social democracy's development?

A gradual transformation of the meaning of social democracy Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of social democracy in the 20th century?

Focus on exclusivity democratic and constitutional methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of war and revolution on the European socialist tradition?

It divided the European socialist tradition further Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of social democracy's shift in meaning?

A focus on reform rather than replacement of capitalism Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of socialism in the early 20th century?

An era of economic crisis, world war, and revolution Signup and view all the answers

What was a key implication of the modified capitalism in the post-war era?

A left government could control sectors of the economy to achieve socialist ends Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the New Left movement?

Solidarity with third world national liberation struggles Signup and view all the answers

What was a criticism of capitalism by the New Left?

Its priorities are wrong and tolerated Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of post-war capitalism?

The separation of ownership and control Signup and view all the answers

What was a goal of a left government in a mixed economy?

To achieve socialist ends without socialising the economy Signup and view all the answers

What was associated with the New Left movement?

A rejection of communism and social democracy Signup and view all the answers

According to Crosland, what should be seen as a means, not an end?

Common ownership Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of Crosland's book, published in 1956, that revises and updates the social democratic narrative?

The Future of Socialism Signup and view all the answers

According to Crosland, what is the core of socialism?

Ethical and moral ideals Signup and view all the answers