Podcast
Questions and Answers
In Classical Democracy, citizens were free to express their opinions, debate, and vote directly.
In Classical Democracy, citizens were free to express their opinions, debate, and vote directly.
True
Modern Democracy allows everyone to be fully involved in politics at the national level.
Modern Democracy allows everyone to be fully involved in politics at the national level.
False
Bureaucratisation leads to the decentralization of power within an organization.
Bureaucratisation leads to the decentralization of power within an organization.
False
In Classical Democracy, elected representatives played a key role in the governing process.
In Classical Democracy, elected representatives played a key role in the governing process.
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One of the chief political ideals of Classical Democracy was equality among all people.
One of the chief political ideals of Classical Democracy was equality among all people.
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Modern Democracy places authority, responsibility, and accountability solely in the hands of local representatives.
Modern Democracy places authority, responsibility, and accountability solely in the hands of local representatives.
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Equality before the law in Classical Democracy ensured that justice prevailed only in select areas of society.
Equality before the law in Classical Democracy ensured that justice prevailed only in select areas of society.
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Political life was restricted and closed in Classical Democracy.
Political life was restricted and closed in Classical Democracy.
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Representation in government was a concept introduced in Modern Democracy.
Representation in government was a concept introduced in Modern Democracy.
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Classical Democracy emphasized liberty but did not prioritize respect for law and justice.
Classical Democracy emphasized liberty but did not prioritize respect for law and justice.
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Study Notes
Social Democracy
- The main objective of social democracy is to mitigate the forms of inequality caused by the free market system
- It incorporates Marxist principles in liberal democratic processes, seeking a practical middle course between capitalism and socialism
- Social democrats aim to democratize economic enterprises and the family, citing the need to avoid tyrannical threats over individuals' lives
Democratizing Economic Enterprises
- Concentration of power in economic enterprises leads to unequal distribution of power, with managers and owners deciding working conditions, income, and general welfare of employees
- Social democrats argue that securing conditions for autonomy requires some degree of democratic control over or within large-scale economic enterprises
- A common objection to democratizing industry is that ordinary workers are not competent to make decisions necessary for profitable and efficient management
Democratizing the Family
- The relation between parents and children presents a paradigm case for justified paternalism
- Gender inequality also highlights undemocratic consequences, with men exerting tyrannical power over women due to unequal economic, social, and sexual power
Deliberative Democracy
- Combines populist and liberal democratic views, emphasizing fair and reasonable discussion and debate among citizens
- Citizens collectively shape their own politics through persuasive argument
- Ongoing accountability is key, with deliberative democracy valuing popular rule as a means of encouraging public deliberation on issues
- Ideal of politics where people relate to each other through the publicly valued use of reasoned argument, evidence, evaluation, and persuasion
Two Paradoxes of Democracy
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- The Clear Paradox: A voter believes in x, but the majority opposes it, leading to contradictory beliefs
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- The Cost-Benefit Paradox: Voting is irrational due to the low probability of individual votes affecting outcomes, but not voting also leads to undesirable outcomes
Populist Democracy
- Inspired by the idea of people ruling themselves as free and equal beings
- Committed to processes that reflect popular will and outcomes that secure popular will over time
- Constraints necessary to ensure popular view is reflected in votes, including free speech, press, and association, rule of law, formal voting equality, and enfranchisement of all adult members of the association
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of social democracy, which aims to mitigate inequality within a free market system by incorporating Marxist ideas into democratic processes. Learn about the democratization of economic enterprises and families to prevent concentration of power and protect individual lives.
