Rice Cultivation Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is the optimal condition for seeds when using a drum seeder?

Seeds should be at the just emerging stages of the radical.

Why is it important to avoid standing water when using a drum seeder?

Standing water makes dragging difficult and prevents maintaining proper sowing lines.

What are the two primary methods of establishing a rice crop in the field?

Direct seeding and transplanting.

What is a significant advantage of direct seeding compared to traditional transplanting?

Direct seeding significantly reduces labor costs and may mature rice 7 to 10 days earlier. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential disadvantages faced by seeds directly sown in the field?

Exposed seeds are at risk of bird and rodent attacks, leading to a need for a high seed rate. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of preparing seeds for wet direct seeding.

Seeds are soaked in water for 12-16 hours, drained, and incubated for 36-48 hours in a warm shaded place. Signup and view all the answers

When is the seed drum typically used during the rice planting process?

The seed drum should be used one day after land preparation and flooding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended seed rate for transplanting rice?

60-85 kg/ha. Signup and view all the answers

Why must water be drained off after sowing seeds in wet conditions?

Excess water can cause seeds to float and hinder proper anchoring. Signup and view all the answers

What method of nursery preparation is recommended in areas with limited water availability?

The dry nursery method is recommended for uncertain planting times due to insufficient water. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the nursery area before sowing seeds?

The nursery area should be ploughed to a fine tilth and raised beds should be prepared. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of seed treatment in rice cultivation?

Seed treatment protects seedlings from diseases like blast for up to 30-60 days after sowing. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the condition of the root length for the seeds used in drum seeding?

The roots should not be too long, as excessively long roots hinder the dropping of seeds. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the drum seeding technique for rice cultivation.

Drum seeding involves using a drum with holes to drop sprouted seeds in lines at appropriate spacing. Signup and view all the answers

What protective benefits does treating seeds with Pseudomonas provide?

It protects the crop from diseases such as blast, sheath blight, and BLB. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of allowing seeds to dry out after soaking?

Allowing seeds to dry out can elongate the radicle and plumule, making seeds difficult to separate. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rice Crop Establishment Methods

Direct Seeding: Seeds are sown directly in fields using either wet or dry methods.
Transplanting: Involves raising seedlings in a nursery before planting them in the main field.

Direct Seeding Techniques

Dry System of Cultivation: Uses dry seeds for planting.
Wet System of Cultivation:
- Pre-germinated seeds with a radicle length of 1-2 mm are used for wet sowing.
- Selection of plump, well-developed seeds, followed by soaking in water for 12-16 hours.
- Seeds incubated for 36-48 hours in a warm, shaded area. Avoid drying out to prevent radicle elongation.

Water Management for Wet Seeding

Maintain water depth of 1-2 cm to protect seeds from birds.
Excess water can cause seeds to float and fail to anchor properly.
After sowing, drain excess water and adjust depth as needed.

Seed Rate Recommendations

Transplanting: 60-85 kg/ha
Broadcasting: 80-100 kg/ha
Dibbling: 80-90 kg/ha
Kuttanad Method: 125 kg/ha
Seed rates assume a minimum germination rate of 80%.

Seed Treatment Methods

Dry Method: Treat seeds with Pyroquilon (Fongorene 50WP), Bavistin 50 WP, or Beam 75WP at 2g/kg of seed.
Wet Method: Soak seeds in a solution of 0.25% Fongorene or 0.2% Bavistin at 2g/kg in one liter of water for 12-16 hours.
Treatment protects seedlings from blast disease for 30-60 days after sowing.

Pseudomonas Treatment for Disease Protection

Four techniques for applying Pseudomonas to combat diseases like blast and sheath blight:
- Soak seeds for 12 hours with 10g/kg of seed, then germinate for 24 hours.
- Mix 2 kg/acre of Pseudomonas with Rajphos or FYM and incorporate into soil.
- Dip seedling roots in 2% Pseudomonas solution for 30 minutes before transplanting.
- Spray with 2% Pseudomonas solution 30 days after transplantation.

Drum Seeding Technique

Uses a drum with holes to sow seeds in lines, ensuring seeds are at the just emerging stage.
Requires minimal water; too much can prevent proper line maintenance.
Facilitates easy weeding with conoweeders at 20-25 days after sowing.

Advantages of Direct Seeding

Lower labor costs, significant savings in production, especially in high labor cost areas.
Early maturity of rice (7-10 days) compared to transplanted rice, beneficial for multiple cropping systems.

Disadvantages of Direct Seeding

Increased vulnerability to bird and rodent damage; necessitates higher seed rates.
Risk of seed washout due to heavy rains.
Potential for higher weed populations.

Transplanting Requirements

Seedlings are raised in a nursery and planted at optimal age in puddle fields.
Dry Nursery Method: Suitable for areas with limited water availability.
- Involves ploughing the nursery, preparing raised beds, and applying compost.
- Seeds are sown evenly and covered before watering.

Key Points for Using Drum Seeder

Use the seed drum one day post land preparation and flooding.
Only seeds that have just started sprouting are suitable; excess root length complicates sowing.
Avoid drum seeder use during heavy rain conditions.

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Description

This quiz explores the methods of rice crop establishment, focusing on direct seeding and transplanting techniques. It covers both the dry and wet systems of cultivation, including details on seed preparation and planting practices. Test your knowledge on effective rice farming methods!