Ribosomes and Nonstandard Amino Acids Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the three basic parts of a nucleotide?

  • Phosphate, deoxyribose, uracil
  • Phosphate, ribose, thymine
  • Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base (correct)
  • Phosphate, ribose, adenine

Which nitrogen base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
  • Adenine
  • Thymine (correct)

How do the nitrogen bases pair up in DNA and RNA?

  • A pairs with G, T pairs with C
  • A pairs with U, G pairs with T or C
  • A pairs with T or U, G pairs with C (correct)
  • A pairs with C, G pairs with T or U

What does the nucleotide sequence of DNA encode?

<p>The information that cells need to survive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the stop codon UGA encode under specific circumstances?

<p>A nonstandard amino acid called selenocysteine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does translation start in eukaryotes?

<p>In the cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition has been associated with mutations or deficiencies in proteins containing selenocysteine?

<p>Cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nonstandard amino acid can be incorporated into proteins under specific circumstances using the stop codon UAG?

<p>Pyrrolysine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between constitutive and facultative genes?

<p>Constitutive genes are always expressed, while facultative genes are only expressed under certain conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic role of transcription factors in regulation?

<p>Transcription factors control gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of an operon and how do inducible and repressible operons differ?

<p>Inducible operons consist of a promoter, operator, and regulatory gene; repressible operons consist of a promoter, operator, and repressor gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does quorum sensing enhance bacterial survival in relation to protein synthesis?

<p>Quorum sensing enables bacterial cells to communicate and coordinate gene expression based on population density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main barrier to using interleukin-10 (IL-10) in therapy?

<p>Stomach acid destroys IL-10 before it reaches the intestines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are engineered bacteria considered a possible alternative to deliver IL-10 treatments?

<p>They can survive the stomach and temporarily grow in the bowel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of IL-10 engineered bacteria in tested mouse models?

<p>They were effective at treating irritable bowel disease (IBD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for engineering Lactococcus lactis to secrete human IL-10?

<p>To develop an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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