Cell Biology: Ribosomes and ER
9 Questions
101 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the structure and function of the ribosome?

Ribosomes are made of proteins and ribonucleic acid and comprise two subunits. The smaller subunit binds mRNA for decoding, while the larger subunit adds amino acids.

What are the three types of RNA involved in the structure or function of the ribosome?

Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).

What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis and processing.

What is the relationship between the ribosome and the rough ER?

<p>Ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize proteins that enter the ER for processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>The Golgi apparatus is made of stacked membranes and processes and packages proteins and lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of the mitochondria?

<p>Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles with an outer membrane and inner membrane containing the electron transport chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of the lysosome?

<p>A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes for breaking down cellular waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of vacuoles?

<p>Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs filled with fluid and molecules, serving various functions including storage and waste disposal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of a chloroplast?

<p>Chloroplasts are membrane-bound plastids containing internal membranes and the pigment chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ribosome

  • Composed of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA) in near equal amounts.
  • Consists of two subunits: the small subunit binds mRNA and decodes it, while the large subunit adds amino acids.
  • Involved types of RNA:
    • Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries protein synthesis sequences.
    • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the core of ribosomes.
    • Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to ribosomes.
  • Essential for protein and enzyme synthesis across all life forms, reflecting a common ancestry.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

  • ER includes both rough and smooth sections interconnected by a continuous membrane.
  • Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, essential for synthesizing and processing proteins.
  • Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, phospholipids for membranes, and steroids.
  • Functions include lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and cellular processing.

Golgi Apparatus

  • Composed of stacked membranes, facilitating the processing and packaging of proteins and lipids.
  • Structure allows simultaneous reactions and modifications of molecular products.
  • Particularly important for proteins destined for export from the cell.

Mitochondria

  • Membrane-bound organelles responsible for generating chemical energy to power biochemical reactions.
  • Outer membrane contains transport proteins for pyruvate transfer.
  • Inner membrane houses the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, crucial for energy production.

Lysosome

  • Membrane-bound organelles filled with digestive enzymes critical for breaking down excess or outdated cell components.
  • Involved in destroying pathogens like viruses and bacteria.
  • The membrane acts as a selective gateway, allowing molecules in while containing enzymes.

Vacuoles

  • Surrounded by a thin membrane and filled with fluid and molecules.
  • Food vacuoles store digested food matter within cells.
  • Central vacuole acts as a reservoir, waste container, storage area, and helps maintain cell shape.
  • Contractile vacuole regulates water balance, expelling excess water to survive in hypotonic environments.

Chloroplast

  • Membrane-bound plastids containing a network of membranes and the pigment chlorophyll.
  • Chlorophyll captures light energy, giving plants their green color.
  • Photosynthesis occurs within internal membranes that stack like pancakes, enhancing efficiency.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore the essential cellular structures of ribosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This quiz covers their composition, functions, and the critical roles they play in protein synthesis and lipid processing. Test your knowledge on these vital components of cell biology.

More Like This

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Quiz
19 questions
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
18 questions
Cell Biology Ribosomes and ER Quiz
40 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser