36 Questions
What is the function of the peptidyl transferase in the ribosome?
To catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
What is the function of the 43S complex in translation initiation?
To remove the secondary structures in the mRNA
How does eIF4F complex regulate translation?
By promoting circularisation of the mRNA and allowing ribosome re-initiation
What is the function of the wobble hypothesis in translation?
To allow a single tRNA to recognise multiple codons
What happens to the repressed mRNAs during stress conditions?
They are stored in stress granules and may be translated again in the future
What is the function of eRF1 and eRF3 in translation termination?
To recognise the stop codon and initiate translation termination
Which of the following is NOT a function of the 40S ribosomal subunit?
Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds
What is the role of eIF2B in translation initiation?
It exchanges GTP for GDP to facilitate the association of eIF2 with Met-tRNA
What happens to the tRNA that previously donated its amino acid during translation elongation?
It binds to the E-site
Which of the following is a type of translation regulation that occurs independently of the cap-dependent mechanism?
uORF regulation
What is the function of the poly(A) tail in mRNA?
It enhances translation initiation
What is the result of phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2?
It inhibits translation initiation
Which of the following is NOT a function of the eEF1s during translation elongation?
It catalyzes peptide bond formation
What is the role of the 60S ribosomal subunit in peptide bond formation?
It catalyzes peptide bond formation
What is the function of the IRES in translation?
It facilitates cap-independent translation
What is the result of the association of the 40S ribosomal subunit with the 5' cap during translation initiation?
It forms the 48S complex
What is the main function of the P-site in the ribosome?
To hold the tRNA that previously donated its amino acid
Which complex is responsible for removing secondary structures in the mRNA during translation initiation?
eIF4F complex
What is the result of phosphorylation of eEF2?
Inhibition of translation elongation
What is the function of mTORC1 in translation regulation?
Phosphorylation of eIF4E-BP
What happens to the mRNA once the translation is terminated?
It is degraded in P-bodies
What is the function of the A-site in the ribosome?
To bind the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
What is the result of deadenylation of mRNA?
mRNA decay
What is the function of eIF4E during translation initiation?
To bind to the 5' cap of the mRNA
What is the function of the 48S complex during translation initiation?
To scan the mRNA for the AUG start codon
What is the function of the eEF1s during translation elongation?
To bind aminacyl-tRNA to the A-site
During translation initiation, which complex is responsible for promoting circularisation of the mRNA?
eIF4F complex
What is the role of the eIF4E-BP in translation regulation?
It inhibits the binding of eIF4E to the 5' cap
During translation elongation, which step is dependent on the hydrolysis of GTP?
Translocation
What is the result of the phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2 during translation regulation?
Inhibition of cap-dependent translation
What is the role of the peptidyl transferase in the ribosome?
It catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
During translation termination, which factor is responsible for providing the energy for the dissociation of the ribosome from the mRNA?
eRF3
What is the role of the 60S ribosomal subunit in translation?
It joins the amino acid to form a peptide bond
What is the result of the association of the 40S ribosomal subunit with the eIF1/1A and eIF3 complexes during translation initiation?
The formation of the 43S complex
During translation regulation, which pathway is responsible for the phosphorylation of eIF4E?
MNK pathway
What is the role of the P-bodies in mRNA metabolism?
They are the site of RNA degradation
Test your knowledge of ribosome composition, protein synthesis, and peptide bond formation. Learn about the roles of the small and large subunits, binding sites, and transfer RNA in this process. Understand how amino acids are linked to form a polypeptide chain.
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