Rheumatic Heart Disease Overview

False (B)

HIV attacks T cells and macrophages.

<p>T</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kaposi's sarcoma = A rare cancer of the blood vessels associated with HIV Opportunistic infections = Infections that do not typically develop in people with healthy immune systems AIDS = A syndrome characterized by a weakened immune system and susceptibility to opportunistic infections HIV = A virus that attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS CD4+ cells = A type of immune cell that HIV primarily targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bacterial infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart, joints, central nervous system (CNS), skin and subcutaneous tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitral valve stenosis = Narrowing of the mitral valve, obstructing blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle Heart arrhythmia = Irregular heartbeat, which can be caused by damage to the electrical system of the heart Heart failure = The heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body Edema = Swelling, typically in the legs and feet, caused by fluid retention Syncope = Fainting, which can occur due to low blood pressure or a decrease in blood flow to the brain Fever associated with infection of damaged heart valves = An indication of potential endocarditis, a serious infection of the heart valves Complications during pregnancy = Women with RHD face increased risks during pregnancy, including heart failure, premature birth, and low birth weight Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) = A procedure used to widen a narrowed mitral valve by inflating a balloon within the valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Echocardiogram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Close supervision, monitoring for complications, anticoagulation management, continuation of secondary prophylaxis treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol and tobacco</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neurotoxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol = Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Cocaine = Premature delivery, placental abruption, cardiac anomalies Methamphetamine = Reduced memory and verbal skills at age 4 years Tobacco = Stillbirth, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes Heroin = Neurological and developmental problems in the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of stomach ulcers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A CD4 count below 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypodermic needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit the number of individuals who can donate blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injection drug users who share needles = People at Risk Infants born to mothers with HIV = People at Risk Individuals with a history of STDs = When should a client be tested? Anyone who has had unprotected sex = People at Risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent transmission of HIV to the infant through breast milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Western Blot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A PCR test detects the presence of HIV DNA in the white blood cells (WBCs) of a person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ELISA = Screen for the presence of HIV antibodies Western Blot = Confirms an HIV diagnosis CD4 cell count = Monitors the health of the immune system HIV RNA level = Measures viral load and effectiveness of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mother is Rh-negative, and the fetus is Rh-positive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PUBS/Cordocentesis is used to monitor known sensitization problems in the fetus. It involves sampling fetal blood to check for anemia and other complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood transfusion during pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down bilirubin in the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cell-destroying antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron-deficiency anemia = The body doesn't have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin Anemia = Lack of red blood cells Hydrops fetalis = Fluid buildup and swelling in the baby Kernicterus = Brain damage due to high levels of bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anemia leads to a lack of oxygen-carrying ability in the blood, potentially causing fatigue in the mother and affecting fetal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Focus on reducing symptoms, promoting well-being, and preventing complications.

Condition where a fetus grows slower than normal due to various factors.

Causes neurotoxic effects and complications in newborns such as reduced memory skills.

Habitual dependence on a substance beyond voluntary control.

Includes alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and more that are misused.

Includes miscarriage, stillbirth, and low birth weight in infants.

Cigarette smoke contains harmful substances that can affect fetal development.

Includes stillbirth, fetal distress, and premature delivery risks due to drug use.

A condition resulting from rheumatic fever that damages heart valves due to inflammation.

An acute inflammatory disease triggered by group A streptococcal infection, affecting the heart and other systems.

Narrowing of the mitral valve opening, often seen in RHD patients.

A diagnostic imaging test used to visualize the heart and lungs, helpful in RHD diagnosis.

Ultrasound test that shows heart structure and function, used in RHD assessment.

Medications that increase urine production to reduce blood volume and pressure in RHD patients.

Medications that help manage heart rate and rhythm in patients with RHD-related arrhythmias.

A procedure where a balloon is inflated in the mitral valve to widen it for better blood flow.

An HIV-infected person is at risk for opportunistic infections when their CD4 count drops below 500.

Infections that occur more frequently in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as in HIV patients.

HIV can be transmitted through blood, sexual contact, childbirth, breastfeeding, or sharing needles.

Patients may experience fat accumulation (buffalo hump), malaise, weakness, headaches, and nausea.

Prevention strategies include avoiding drug use, not sharing needles, safer sex practices, and regular testing.

Key groups include injection drug users, infants from untreated HIV mothers, and those having unprotected sex.

Clients should be tested if they've had STDs, shared needles, or engaged in high-risk sexual activities.

Safety measures taken to prevent the transmission of infections, especially in healthcare settings.

A test done in the third trimester to monitor the baby's heart and assess potential risks related to Rh factor.

Rh immunoglobulin given to Rh(-) mothers with Rh(+) babies to prevent antibody reactions.

Symptoms in the baby may include swelling, jaundice, anemia, and low muscle tone.

Brain damage in infants due to high bilirubin levels from Rh incompatibility.

Fluid buildup in the baby during pregnancy, indicating serious complications.

A type of anemia during pregnancy caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin production.

A test to detect cell-destroying antibodies on red blood cells in pregnant women.

A test that checks for rising levels of Rh(+) antibodies in pregnant women.

A blood test used for diagnosing infections, including HIV.

Confirmatory test for HIV, most popular for verifying ELISA results.

Regular blood test to measure the number of CD4 T cells in the blood, monitoring HIV progression.

A protein on the surface of red blood cells; positive means the protein is present, negative means absent.

When an Rh-negative mother produces antibodies against Rh-positive blood from her fetus.

Test to check the fetus's blood type and Rh factor during pregnancy.

Test that detects HIV DNA in blood, providing an early diagnosis.

Test used to detect both virus and antibodies in the blood.

A rare cancer of blood vessels associated with HIV.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus that weakens the immune system.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome caused by HIV.

White blood cells attacked by HIV, crucial for immune function.

Common signs include fever, chills, rash, and weakness.

Normal range is 500-1200; decreases as HIV progresses.

Symptoms like headache and fatigue when drugs are stopped.