Rhetoric and Argumentation in Landscape Design
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Questions and Answers

How can LOCI be used in relation to projects and audience manipulation?

  • To set in motion a well-designed project
  • To manipulate the audience
  • Both a and b (correct)
  • None of the above

    • What do LOCI mainly deal with?

    values and hierarchies

    According to Perelman and Olbrechts Tyteca, the goal of argumentation is to:

  • Create disagreement among the audience
  • Avoid taking any action
  • Increase adherence of minds to the presented theses (correct)
  • Persuade only a specific audience

    • According to Umberto Eco, rhetoric and argumentation should be an honest and productive exercise, seeking to get agreement and active support, rather than imposing _____ on others.

    <p>my will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facts speak for themselves and automatically arouse interest in the audience.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca define 'convincing' and 'persuading'?

    <p>Persuading is for a particular audience, convincing is to gain the adherence of every rational being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rhetoric, as a technique of persuasion, is only focused on imposing one's will on others.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the first relevant elements that students must analyze, interpret, and explain according to the content of the lecture/presentation about Ex.1 - Case study analysis?

    <p>LOCI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loci is a Latin term which means '______'.

    <p>place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following loci concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Loci of Quantity = Deals with loci relating to quantitative reasons and the frequency or normality of things. Loci of Quality = Focuses on the concept of 'unique' and the value of rarity and difficulty. Locus of Timeliness = Involves the fact or quality of being done or occurring at a favorable time. Locus of the Person = Emphasizes the value of the person concerning dignity and autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Rhetoric and Argumentation

    • Rhetoric is the argumentation technique aimed at creating or increasing the adherence of minds to presented theses, in order to set in motion a positive action or abstention from action.
    • The goal of argumentation is to persuade the audience, not just convince them.

    Audience and Loci

    • The audience is the group of people to whom the designer/ speaker addresses their proposals and statements.
    • Persuading the audience is necessary in design fields like architecture, landscape architecture, urban design, and interior design, where social interaction is involved.
    • The problem of the audience lies in the need to persuade them, rather than just convincing them through science-proved arguments.

    Creating an Effective Argumentation

    • To create an effective argumentation, an intellectual contact is necessary between the speaker/writer/designer and the audience.
    • A set of factors is required to shape an argumentation, including:
      • A common language
      • A technique allowing communication
      • The ethos of the speaker/writer/designer (credibility based on academic and professional titles, expertise, etc.)
      • A positive attitude and posture of the speaker/writer/designer

    Loci

    • Loci are premises of a general nature that play a part in the justification of most of the choices we and people make.
    • There are two fundamental Loci:
      • Loci of Quantity: relate to quantitative reasons, such as the superiority of a greater number of good things over a smaller number.
      • Loci of Quality: relate to the concept of 'unique', such as the value of rare and difficult to attain things.
    • Other derived Loci include:
      • Locus of Timeliness
      • Locus of the Irreparable
      • Locus of Order
      • Locus of the Existent
      • Locus of the Essence
      • Locus of the Person

    Examples of Loci

    • Locus of Quantity: World's Tallest Buildings in 2023
    • Locus of Quality: CopenHill - Amager Bakke Power Plant (BIG, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2019)
    • Locus of Timeliness: Act Now Climate App (United Nations)
    • Locus of the Irreparable: Climate Change Impacts (The World Bank Group)
    • Locus of Order and/or Locus of the Existent: Climate Change Synthesis Report (UNDRR)
    • Locus of Essence: Pôle de recherche scientifique et technique de Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (Pargade Architectes, 2014)
    • Locus of the Person: Time Magazine Cover (December 23rd, 2019)

    Conclusion

    • Rhetoric and argumentation are essential tools for designers to effectively communicate their ideas and persuade their audience.
    • LOCI are 'common places' that deal with values and hierarchies, and can be used to shape arguments and analyze how others propose or discuss their projects.

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    Description

    This lecture covers the concept of rhetoric in landscape design, focusing on argumentation techniques and their application. It explores the historical concept of 'new rhetoric' and its significance in design.

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