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Questions and Answers
What percentage of the general population is Rh-negative?
What percentage of the general population is Rh-negative?
- 5%
- 20%
- 10% (correct)
- 15%
What happens to fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation?
What happens to fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation?
- They are absorbed into the placenta
- They remain unchanged
- They are destroyed by hemolysis (correct)
- They are destroyed by maternal immune cells
What is the result of alloimmunization in the maternal circulation?
What is the result of alloimmunization in the maternal circulation?
- Production of anti-D antibodies
- Formation of antibodies against the Rh-antigen
- Formation of antibodies against the Rh+ antigen (correct)
- Destruction of maternal RBCs
What is the term for the transfer of fetal RBCs into the maternal circulation?
What is the term for the transfer of fetal RBCs into the maternal circulation?
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Which of the following events can cause a maternal immune response?
Which of the following events can cause a maternal immune response?
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What is the significance of the Rh blood group?
What is the significance of the Rh blood group?
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Study Notes
Etiology of Rh Incompatibility
- A, B, O blood types are primary, but Rh (CDE) is another significant blood group
- Rh blood type is determined by the presence or absence of the D antigen
- Gene complexes can be CDE, cde, cDE, cDe, Cde, cdE, CDE, CdE
Incidence of Rh Negativity
- Rh negativity occurs in about 10% of the general population
Pathophysiology of Rh Incompatibility
- Fetus inherits Rh antigen from its father and the mother lacks the Rh antigen
- Rh+ Fetal RBCs enter maternal circulation, causing fetomaternal hemorrhage at delivery
- Fetal RBCs are destroyed by hemolysis, releasing bilirubin, which is cleared by the placenta
- This leads to a shift in oncotic pressure and anemia, causing RBC destruction
Maternal Immune Response
- Antibodies are formed in response to fetal Rh+ antigen
- Alloimmunization can occur in the 1st trimester
- Enough RBCs in maternal circulation can cause alloimmunization
Events that can Trigger Maternal Immune Response
- Childbirth
- Ectopic gestation
- Incomplete abortion
- Spontaneous abortion
- Voluntary termination
- Amniocentesis
- External cephalic version
- Direct abdominal trauma
- Placental delivery
Other Blood Groups
- Kell
- La
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