Rh Blood Group Incompatibility
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the general population is Rh-negative?

  • 5%
  • 20%
  • 10% (correct)
  • 15%
  • What happens to fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation?

  • They are absorbed into the placenta
  • They remain unchanged
  • They are destroyed by hemolysis (correct)
  • They are destroyed by maternal immune cells
  • What is the result of alloimmunization in the maternal circulation?

  • Production of anti-D antibodies
  • Formation of antibodies against the Rh-antigen
  • Formation of antibodies against the Rh+ antigen (correct)
  • Destruction of maternal RBCs
  • What is the term for the transfer of fetal RBCs into the maternal circulation?

    <p>Fetomaternal hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events can cause a maternal immune response?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Rh blood group?

    <p>It is a primary blood group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Etiology of Rh Incompatibility

    • A, B, O blood types are primary, but Rh (CDE) is another significant blood group
    • Rh blood type is determined by the presence or absence of the D antigen
    • Gene complexes can be CDE, cde, cDE, cDe, Cde, cdE, CDE, CdE

    Incidence of Rh Negativity

    • Rh negativity occurs in about 10% of the general population

    Pathophysiology of Rh Incompatibility

    • Fetus inherits Rh antigen from its father and the mother lacks the Rh antigen
    • Rh+ Fetal RBCs enter maternal circulation, causing fetomaternal hemorrhage at delivery
    • Fetal RBCs are destroyed by hemolysis, releasing bilirubin, which is cleared by the placenta
    • This leads to a shift in oncotic pressure and anemia, causing RBC destruction

    Maternal Immune Response

    • Antibodies are formed in response to fetal Rh+ antigen
    • Alloimmunization can occur in the 1st trimester
    • Enough RBCs in maternal circulation can cause alloimmunization

    Events that can Trigger Maternal Immune Response

    • Childbirth
    • Ectopic gestation
    • Incomplete abortion
    • Spontaneous abortion
    • Voluntary termination
    • Amniocentesis
    • External cephalic version
    • Direct abdominal trauma
    • Placental delivery

    Other Blood Groups

    • Kell
    • La

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    Description

    Quiz on Rh blood group system, including etiology, incidence and pathophysiology of Rh incompatibility. Learn about the genetic determination of Rh blood type and its clinical implications.

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