14 Questions
What is adjusted to produce a low overflow rate in the Osborne Reynolds apparatus?
The bench valve
What is the purpose of the Reynolds experiment?
To illustrate laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent pipe flows
What does the Reynolds apparatus primarily use to visualize flow patterns?
Dye
What is used to measure the flow volumetric rate in the experiment?
Stopwatch for timing
What is done to achieve a slow flow with clear dye indication in the experiment?
Adjust the bench valve to return the overflow rate to a small amount
What does an increase in flow rate in the experiment aim to visualize?
Laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent flows
What does the cross-sectional area of the glass tube depend on?
Inner diameter of glass tube
What property does the Reynold number help determine for a fluid flow?
Flow pattern of the fluid
What is the main characteristic of laminar flow?
All streamlines follow parallel paths
What is the primary factor in determining the Reynolds number (Re)?
Velocity of flow (V)
What happens as the Reynolds number (Re) increases?
The inertial force becomes relatively larger
What is the defining characteristic of turbulent flow?
Stream lines interact causing shear plan collapse and mixing
What does the Reynolds number (Re) represent?
The ratio of the inertial force to the viscosity force
What does the transition from laminar to turbulent flow appear as?
A wandering dye stream prior to dispersion as turbulence occurs
Study Notes
Osborne Reynolds Apparatus
- The viscosity of the fluid is adjusted to produce a low overflow rate in the Osborne Reynolds apparatus.
Purpose of the Reynolds Experiment
- The purpose of the Reynolds experiment is to visualize the flow patterns and study the transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
Visualization of Flow Patterns
- The Reynolds apparatus primarily uses dye injection to visualize flow patterns.
Measurement of Flow Volumetric Rate
- A rotameter is used to measure the flow volumetric rate in the experiment.
Achieving Slow Flow
- To achieve a slow flow with clear dye indication in the experiment, the flow rate is adjusted.
Effects of Increasing Flow Rate
- An increase in flow rate in the experiment aims to visualize the transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
Cross-Sectional Area of the Glass Tube
- The cross-sectional area of the glass tube depends on the radius of the tube.
Determining Fluid Flow Properties
- The Reynolds number (Re) helps determine the fluid flow's tendency to be laminar or turbulent.
Characteristics of Laminar Flow
- The main characteristic of laminar flow is a smooth, continuous flow with no eddies or whirlpools.
Determining Factors of Reynolds Number (Re)
- The primary factor in determining the Reynolds number (Re) is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces.
Effects of Increasing Reynolds Number (Re)
- As the Reynolds number (Re) increases, the flow becomes increasingly turbulent.
Characteristics of Turbulent Flow
- The defining characteristic of turbulent flow is chaotic, irregular motion with eddies and whirlpools.
Representation of Reynolds Number (Re)
- The Reynolds number (Re) represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in fluid flow.
Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow
- The transition from laminar to turbulent flow appears as a sudden change in the dye pattern, from smooth to chaotic.
Explore the concepts of laminar and turbulent flow using Reynold's Apparatus. Understand the characteristics of each type of flow and the transition between them.
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