Revolución Americana

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Questions and Answers

Como se chamou a nova asemblea constituída tras as eleccións de 1791?

Asemblea Popular

Asemblea Lexislativa (correct)

Asemblea Constituínte

Asemblea Nacional

Que sucedeu o 14 de xullo de 1789 en París?

A firma da Constitución

A proclama da República

A elección do rei

O asalto á Prisión da Bastilla (correct)

Que accións levaron a cabo os xacobinos entre 1793 e 1794?

Proclamaron a República e instalaron a monarquía

Implantaron o 'réxime do Terror' e crearon unha nova Constitución (correct)

Estableceron paz co clero e a nobreza

Aplicaron prezos máximos e xulgaron a Luis XVI

Que pedía o Terceiro Estado ao rei durante as deliberacións?

O voto por cabeza Signup and view all the answers

Que fin tuvo a Asemblea Nacional logo de xurarse na Sala do Xogo da Pelota?

Crear unha Constitución Signup and view all the answers

Como se chamaba a primeira Constitución de Francia aprovada en 1791?

Constitución de 1791 Signup and view all the answers

Que buscaban os realistas durante o Directorio?

Restaurar aos BORBÓNS Signup and view all the answers

Como finaliza a Revolución Francesa?

Con o golpe de Estado de Napoleón Signup and view all the answers

Que aspecto diferenciaba as colonias do norte das do sur en América do Norte?

As colonias do norte baseaban a súa economía na agricultura de subsistencia. Signup and view all the answers

Por que as colonias americanas non querían pagar impostos ao Reino Unido?

Porque non tiñan representación no Parlamento británico. Signup and view all the answers

Que evento tivo lugar en 1776 en relación á independencia americana?

A asinado da Declaración de Independencia. Signup and view all the answers

Que nome tiña a compañía que recibiu o monopolio do té en 1773?

Compañía Inglesa das Indias Orientais. Signup and view all the answers

Cando rematou a guerra de independencia americana?

En 1783 coa sinatura do Tratado de Versalles. Signup and view all the answers

O poder lexislativo dos Estados Unidos residía en:

Dúas cámaras: Cámara de Representantes e Senado. Signup and view all the answers

Que produciu a revolución francesa a finais do século XVIII?

A fin do Antigo Réxime. Signup and view all the answers

Cal é unha das causas fundamentais da revolución francesa?

O descontento social. Signup and view all the answers

Cando comezou a segunda revolución industrial?

A partir de 1870 Signup and view all the answers

Que invento permitiu a fabricación de aceiro de calidade a baixo prezo?

O convertedor de Bessemer Signup and view all the answers

Que efecto tiveron os novos transportes na economía mundial?

Favoreceron a especialización da economía mundial Signup and view all the answers

Que caracteriza a produción en serie?

Fabricación dun produto en grandes cantidades Signup and view all the answers

Como nace o capitalismo financeiro?

Cando os bancos invisten os aforros na industria Signup and view all the answers

Que evento levou á nomeación de Napoleón como emperador en 1804?

O acaparamento do poder total Signup and view all the answers

Que consecuencia tivo a política expansionista de Napoleón?

A hexemonía europea Signup and view all the answers

Que provocou a Guerra de Independencia española?

A ocupación de España por Napoleón Signup and view all the answers

Cal foi un dos principais obxectivos do Congreso de Viena?

Garantir a paz duradeira en Europa Signup and view all the answers

O que provocou o xurdimento dos sentimentos nacionalistas tras o Congreso de Viena?

A división de territorios por lingua e cultura Signup and view all the answers

Que ocorrera en España durante a Revolución de 1820?

O tenente coronel Riego rebelouse Signup and view all the answers

Que característica ten a ideoloxía nacionalista?

Que as fronteiras coincidan coas etnias e culturas Signup and view all the answers

Que sucedeu como resultado das revolucións entre 1820 e 1848?

Un avance significativo do liberalismo Signup and view all the answers

Que acontecemento levou á substitución de obradoiros por fábricas?

A inventión de máquinas que requerían grandes espazos Signup and view all the answers

Quen patenta a nova fonte de enerxía a vapor?

James Watt Signup and view all the answers

Que efecto tivo a división do traballo na produtividade?

Aumento da produtividade Signup and view all the answers

Que recursos utilizou a industria británica do algodón?

Materias primas abundantes das colonias Signup and view all the answers

Por que se construíu a rede de canles entre 1770 e 1830?

Para unir centros produtores de materias primas coas fábricas Signup and view all the answers

Que caracteriza a locomotora construída por George Stephenson en 1815?

Servía para transportar cargas entre minas de carbón Signup and view all the answers

Que melloras trouxo o ferrocarril á produción e transporte?

Mayor velocidade e eficacia no transporte de mercadorías Signup and view all the answers

Cal foi o novo procedemento patentado por Henry Cort?

Construción de modernos altos fornos Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

American Revolution

The Thirteen Colonies, located on the eastern coast of North America, were under British rule, but they had autonomy.
The northern colonies based their economy on subsistence agriculture and trade, while the southern colonies developed sugar and tobacco plantations reliant on enslaved African labor.
Britain aimed to extract raw materials and monopolize trade from the colonies, hindering their industrial development.
Colonies resisted paying taxes due to lack of representation in the British Parliament, culminating in a boycott of British goods.
The British Parliament passed the Tea Act in 1773, granting a monopoly on tea to the British East India Company, leading to the Boston Tea Party.
In 1776, Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Rights of Virginia, and on July 4th, 1776, representatives of the Thirteen Colonies signed the Declaration of Independence.
The War for Independence ended in 1783 with the Treaty of Versailles, where Britain formally recognized American independence.
The United States Constitution, the first in history, was ratified in 1787.
It established the principle of national sovereignty, separation of powers, and the right to vote for men.
The legislative power resided in a bicameral Congress composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The executive power was vested in the president, while the judicial branch was comprised of independent courts.
George Washington became the first president of the United States in 1789.

French Revolution

The French Revolution, occurring at the end of the 18th century, ended the Ancien Régime.
The revolution was ignited by social discontent, an economic crisis, and the influence of Enlightenment ideas.
The Estates-General met in May 1789.
During this meeting, the Third Estate, representing commoners, demanded voting by head rather than by estate, which the king refused.
Following the king's refusal, the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly and swore the Tennis Court Oath to establish a constitution for France.
The National Assembly later became known as the Constituent Assembly.
On July 14th, 1789, revolutionary groups stormed the Bastille prison in Paris.
The Constituent Assembly, on August 4th, 1789, passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, marking the end of absolutism and the triumph of the liberal revolution.
The 1791 French Constitution, the country's first, established key principles:
- National sovereignty and fundamental rights
- Parliamentary monarchy
- Separation of powers
- Census suffrage
Following elections in 1791, the Legislative Assembly was formed, but it proved to be a turbulent period.
The nobility and clergy resisted losing their privileges.
European monarchies felt threatened by the revolution.
Some groups deemed the reforms inadequate, leading to the Parisian people storming the Tuileries Palace in 1792.
The French monarch was deposed.

The Radicalization of the French Revolution

In 1792, the Legislative Assembly decided to establish a new elected body known as the National Convention, chosen through universal male suffrage.
The Girondins and the Jacobins were the most influential revolutionary groups during this time.
The Girondins (1792-1793) abolished the monarchy, declared a republic, and put Louis XVI on trial and condemned him.
They faced a royalist uprising.
The Jacobins (1793-1794) seized power with Robespierre at its helm.
They approved a democratic constitution, established the "Reign of Terror," implemented price controls, adopted a new revolutionary calendar, and eventually guillotined Robespierre.
A moderate government, supported by the Constitution of 1795, was established to prevent another dictatorship.
The Directory, the ruling body during this period, faced resistance from royalists who aimed to restore the Bourbon monarchy.
However, Napoleon Bonaparte’s military intervention quelled this uprising.
Napoleon orchestrated a Coup d’état on 18th Brumaire (November 9th) and established the Consulate, finally ending the French Revolution.

Napoleonic Europe

The Consulate was initially a personalist regime where Napoleon consolidated his power.
In 1804, Napoleon was crowned Emperor.
His expansionist policy aimed to achieve European hegemony by hindering British trade.
The invasion of Spain triggered the War of Spanish Independence.
Napoleon's invasion of Russia was motivated by Russia's trade with the United Kingdom.
The defeat in Russia and the Battle of Leipzig led to Napoleon's downfall.
Napoleon was ultimately defeated at Waterloo in (1815) and exiled to the Island of St. Helena.

Restoration of the Old Regime

The period is called “Restoration” because the old monarchies were restored in Europe.
The Congress of Vienna, a gathering of European powers held from 1814 to 1815, sought to secure lasting peace and suppress revolutions.
The Holy Alliance, consisted of Austria, Prussia, and Russia, while the Quadruple Alliance included Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom, and Russia.

New Revolutionary Waves (1820-1848)

Revolutions erupted in various parts of Europe against the attempts to restore the Old Regime, fueled by nationalism and liberalism.
Nationalist sentiment arose due to the Congress of Vienna's reorganization of Europe, which divided territories with shared language, culture, and united people from different cultures under one state.
Liberalism, rejecting absolutism, sought to reclaim the principles of the French Revolution.
These revolutionary waves occurred in 1820, 1830, and 1848, marking advancements in liberalism despite their failure.
King Ferdinand VII of Spain was forced to abide by the 1812 Constitution after a rebellion led by Lieutenant Colonel Riego.
Charles X of France was dethroned in the 1830 Revolution, paving the way for Louis Philippe of Orleans's establishment of a liberal monarchy.
The 1848 Revolution affected many countries in Central and Southern Europe.

Nationalisms: The Unification of Italy

Nationalism was a powerful ideology advocating for the alignment of state borders with religious, ethnic, and linguistic boundaries.
Nationalism flourished between 1815 and 1848.

A New Industrial Era

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
It involved a shift from manual labor to machine production, primarily driven by a combination of technological innovations and improved energy sources.
The mechanization of production led to the establishment of factories, where workers replaced hand tools with machines.
The steam engine, patented by James Watt in 1769, became a significant driving force in the Industrial Revolution.
The concept of division of labor, where workers specialized in specific tasks, led to increased productivity.
The British cotton industry flourished due to its access to abundant and cheap cotton from colonies, and its early adoption of technical advancements in spinning and weaving.
The combined use of steam power and technological advancements resulted in a dramatic increase in British textile production.
The textile sector boosted agriculture, which supplied raw materials, and the iron industry, which provided iron.
The scarcity of charcoal led to the utilization of coke, and Henry Cort’s invention of a new process resulted in the construction of modern blast furnaces.

Transportation Revolution

The rapid growth of British industrial production necessitated the development of fast and reliable transportation systems for supplying factories and distributing goods.
A network of canals was constructed between 1770 and 1830 to connect raw material production centers with factories.
The steam engine was incorporated into maritime navigation, leading to the creation of steam-powered commercial ships.
The integration of the steam engine and iron, the primary material for construction, led to the invention of the railway.
George Stephenson built a steam locomotive for transporting cargo between coal mines in 1815.
The first railway line opened in 1830, offering regular passenger transportation between Liverpool and Manchester.
The railway revolutionized transportation and spurred industrialization, boosting coal and iron demand.
New transportation systems profoundly impacted everyday life, boosting mining, metallurgy, and iron industries, fostering global economic specialization, enhancing trade, and facilitating travel.

The Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution began in the 1870s.
New energy sources, including electricity and petroleum, emerged as prominent drivers of this transformation.
The Bessemer converter revolutionized steel production, enabling the creation of high-quality steel at lower costs.
The development of electrical equipment led to the establishment of large companies like Siemens, AEG, and Philips.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, transportation and communication technologies underwent significant advancement:
- The widespread adoption of railways
- Improved steamships
- The invention of gasoline-powered engines and the production of tires, giving birth to the automobile
- The first steps in aviation with the Wright brothers’ airplane
Taylorism involved organizing production into small, timed tasks, with workers specializing in specific tasks.
Henry Ford implemented assembly-line production in his factories, where products passed from one worker to another along a chain. This system was termed Fordism.
Mass production refers to producing goods in large quantities, while a joint-stock company represents a business whose capital is divided into shares traded on stock exchanges.
The emergence of the financial capitalism arose from banks' investment of customers' savings into industries and other ventures.

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Description

Este cuestionario explora a Revolución Americana, centrando a atención nas Trece Colonas e os seus conflitos co reinado británico. Analiza temas como a economía colonial, a resistencia impoñendo impostos e a declaración de independencia. Trátase dunha parte fundamental da historia dos Estados Unidos que deu forma á nación.