Revised Penal Code Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the principal purpose of the Revised Penal Code?

To outline criminal law and penalties in the Philippines (correct)

To serve as an administrative guide for government

To establish a uniform taxation system

To regulate international treaties and agreements

Which of the following is NOT an exception to the general applicability of the Revised Penal Code?

National government employees (correct)

Foreign troops in the Philippines

Head of state

Foreign diplomats

How many articles are covered in Book Two of the Revised Penal Code?

367

254 (correct)

113

114

Which principle affects the territoriality of the Revised Penal Code?

It is applicable to felonies committed within Philippine territory Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 1 to Article 20 of the Revised Penal Code primarily cover?

Principles affecting criminal liability Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the founder of human physiognomy?

Giambiatista dela Porta Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of phrenology?

The relationship between skull formation and personality Signup and view all the answers

Which body type is characterized as thin, small, and weak according to Ernst Kretschmer?

Asthenic Signup and view all the answers

Who assisted Franz Joseph Gall in the study of phrenology?

Johann Kaspar Spurzheim Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the study of a person's body build in relation to temperament?

Somatotype Signup and view all the answers

What did Henry Goddard discover about the descendants of Martin Kallikak?

There was a distinct quality of life difference based on his two wives. Signup and view all the answers

Which somatotype is associated with heavy builds and slow movements?

Endomorph Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Charles Goring propose regarding criminal traits?

They can be passed through genes. Signup and view all the answers

What concept is emphasized in the studies of the Juke and Kallikak families regarding criminality?

Low intelligence can be inherited across generations. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor, according to Freudian theory, is primarily responsible for making an individual adhere to societal moral codes?

Superego Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do IQ tests serve in the context of criminality?

To assess an offender's mental capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, which part of personality is driven by the 'pleasure principle'?

Id Signup and view all the answers

Which component of personality is tasked with balancing the demands of the id with acceptable social behavior?

Ego Signup and view all the answers

In sociological theories of criminality, which factor is considered significant in influencing behavior?

Peer relationships and social environment Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'feeblemindedness' refer to in the context of criminality studies?

Low intelligence or cognitive impairment. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the components of personality according to Freud is correct?

The ego compensates for the id's demands. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of disorganized communities?

Increased rates of broken families Signup and view all the answers

How does Strain Theory explain criminal behavior?

It focuses on the accessibility of legal means to achieve goals. Signup and view all the answers

According to Cultural Deviance Theory, what do members of lower-class communities often create due to isolation?

Sub-cultures with distinct values Signup and view all the answers

What does Social Process Theory emphasize as significant factors in the development of criminal behavior?

Environmental interactions and experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of Differential Association Theory?

Criminal behavior is learned through social interactions. Signup and view all the answers

In Differential Reinforcement Theory, what factors influence an individual's behavior?

Responses from people around the individual Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the sub-theories under Social Learning Theory?

Neutralization Theory Signup and view all the answers

What emotion does Strain refer to in the context of Strain Theory?

Frustration and anger Signup and view all the answers

What does the demonological theory propose as the cause of wrongful acts?

Possession by demons Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption underlies the classical school of criminology?

Individuals have free will to choose criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

Who are the founders of the classical school of criminology?

Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham Signup and view all the answers

What is Cesare Beccaria's greatest contribution according to his work?

Foundation for modern penal reforms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did Beccaria believe was essential for deterring crime?

Administering pain that counterbalances pleasure gained from crime Signup and view all the answers

What concept is emphasized in Beccaria's famous saying, 'Let the punishment fit the crime'?

Punishments should be tailored to prevent future crimes Signup and view all the answers

What condition regarding liberty does Beccaria state is necessary for a human society?

Sacrifice of a portion of liberty for peace and security Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the classical school of criminology?

Determinism in criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Revised Penal Code (RPC)

RPC, or Act No. 3815, consolidates Philippine Criminal Law along with various special laws and decrees.
Originated from the need to revise the old penal code active from July 14, 1887, to December 31, 1931.
A committee created under AO No. 94 by the Department of Justice, led by Anacleto Diaz, revised the code; approved on December 8, 1930, effective January 1, 1932.

Structure of the RPC

Comprises two books:
- Book one: Articles 1-113 covering criminal liability principles and penalties.
- Book two: Articles 114-367 focused on felonies.

Key Characteristics

Generality: Applicable to all individuals in the Philippines, except certain entities like heads of state and foreign diplomats.
Territoriality: Enforced for crimes within Philippine territory; includes all islands and connected waters.

Classical School of Criminology

Emerged as a reaction to the arbitrary system of law in Europe; emphasizes free will and rational choice in criminal behavior.
Notable figures: Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham.

Cesare Beccaria

Authored "On Crimes and Punishment," advocating for abolition of torture and reform in penal systems globally.
Emphasized that punishment should fit the crime to deter criminality, believing in a balance between pleasure from crime and the pain of punishment.

Psychological Theories of Criminality

Psychological factors influence criminal behavior, such as emotional imbalances.
Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, theorized that criminality arises from conflicts within the id (instinct), ego (reality), and superego (morality).

Sociological Theories of Criminality

Explores how social environments, including disorganized communities and family structures, contribute to criminal behavior.
Strain Theory: Crime results from the gap between societal goals and the means to achieve them, particularly affecting lower-class individuals.

Cultural Deviance Theory

Suggests that marginalized individuals create subcultures with their own deviant norms, leading to criminal behavior.

Focuses on social learning as a precursor to criminal behavior, emphasizing interactions and experiences.
Differential Association Theory: Criminal behavior is learned through social interactions and communications.
Differential Reinforcement Theory: Behavior is shaped by social reactions; rewards encourage behavior while punishments discourage it.
Neutralization Theory: Proposes that offenders justify their behavior through rationalizations that neutralize societal norms.

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Description

This quiz explores the Revised Penal Code (RPC) of the Philippines, highlighting its historical context, structure, and key characteristics. Learn about the two books of the RPC and the principles of criminal liability and penalties it outlines. Test your understanding of how RPC applies within Philippine territory and its relevance to the Classical School of Criminology.