Reviewer in GE Elect (Gender and Society) Quiz 1

Differential Association Theory

• Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory states that deviance is learned through interactions with others who break the rules.

Emotional Violence

• Emotional violence is a type of violence that causes low self-esteem in a person.

Functionalism

• Functionalists view society as a system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Gender

• Gender refers to the social, cultural, and psychological differences between men and women.
• Gender stereotypes are ideas about how members of a certain gender should be or behave.
• Gender plays a critical role in shaping society and influences aspects like the division of labor, economic opportunities, and access to education.

Gender-Based Violence

• Gender-based violence refers to harmful acts committed against individuals based on their gender identity or perceived gender.
• It can include violence against women, domestic violence against women, men, or children living in the same domestic unit.

Global Gender Gap Report

• According to the 2021 report, the Philippines ranked 17th out of 156 countries in terms of gender equality.

Socialization

• Agents of socialization are individuals, groups, institutions, and other entities that influence an individual's socialization process.
• Charles Horton Cooley's "looking glass" concept states that an individual's self-concept is determined by the reaction of others.

Conflict Theory

• Conflict theory views society as a system characterized by power dynamics and the inevitable presence of conflict.
• It views gender roles as a product of power struggles between men and women.

Domestic Violence

• Domestic violence encompasses behaviors like physical violence, sexual assault, harassment, forced marriage, and harmful traditional practices.

Double Burden

• The double burden leads to health deterioration due to reduced exercise and increased psychological stress.

Economic, Social, Language, and Religious Marginalization

• These are the four types of marginalization.

Gender Inequality

• Gender inequality acknowledges that men and women are not equal, and that gender affects an individual's lived experience.
• When a community discriminates against individuals based on gender, it refers to gender inequality.

Geographers

• Early geographers suggested that how people imagined the world was important to their understanding of social and cultural worlds.

George Herbert Mead

• George Herbert Mead was the first person to write about the principles underlying symbolic interactionism.

Symbolic Interactionism

• Symbolic interactionism is a social theoretical framework associated with George Herbert Mead and Max Weber.
• It is an approach that focuses on interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols.

Giddens

• According to Giddens, gender refers to the social, cultural, and psychological differences between men and women.

Language Marginalization

• Language marginalization is the deliberate elimination of a language, without killing its speakers, forcing speakers to give up their mother tongue.

Masculinity and Femininity

• The concepts of masculinity and femininity are developed from repeated, patterned interaction and socialization.
• Traditional masculinity norms dictate that men should be strong, dominant, and breadwinners, leading to mental health issues and toxic behaviors.

Multiple Burden

• Multiple burden refers to the involvement in three spheres of work: reproductive, productive, and community work.
• It results in women working longer and more fragmented days than men.

Physical Assault

• Trafficking slavery is a type of physical gender-based violence.

Politics

• Women have less chance in decision-making jobs, such as positions in politics.

Religion

• Religion is an agent of socialization that provides individuals with moral guidance, values, and beliefs that help shape their worldview and behavior.

Social and Cultural Norms

• Social and cultural norms are rules or expectations of behavior and thoughts based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group.

Social Marginalization

• Social marginalization is the process in which individuals are blocked from various rights, opportunities, and resources.
• It is the concept of keeping a person in an undesirable societal position.

Symbolic Interactionism

• Symbolic interactionism is a perspective that sees society as the product of shared symbols, such as language.

The Gender Binary

• The gender binary refers to the belief that there are only two genders: male and female.

Gender Identity

• Gender identity refers to the gender that a person identifies with, regardless of their biological sex.