Gender and Society MIDTERM

three aspects of language that inform how gender is shaped: A. Language articulates consciousness B. language reflects culture C. language impacts socialization

Language is not a neutral influence in this regard. It imposes preconceived notions about individuals, especially gender.

Language is a potent tool for understanding and participating in the world. It can shape how we see society. It is ingrained in the culture.

___________ in her 2014 book Gender-fair Language: A Primer, focused on three aspects of language that inform how gender is shaped:

It is through that we give utterance to our basic needs and feelings. For example: If you say that women are “the weaker sex,” then you, whether male or female, would feel that, indeed, women are weak and would act accordingly.

Language verbalizes cultural meanings and values in our society. This is where language may be used to stereotype women. It also reflects how community, through words, reflects cultures and perspectives.

in this short script, Cecil, Joey, and their mother. Mother: Cecille, can you please wash the dishes? Cecille: Inay, I am studying for my exams tomorrow. Can’t Kuya Joey do it? Joey: How often has Inay told you boys don’t do housework? It’s a girl thing. Mother: That is right. Go, Cecille, please do what I ask because the female’s responsible for caring for the house.

sexist language

The idea that men are dominant and the norm of humanity’s fullness and that women do not exist lies at the basis of women’s invisibility.

Bringing attention to a person’s gender, mainly a woman. The usage of “lady,” “girl,” or “woman,” together with the noun, brings to the gender of the person rather than the job or function. -These include “girl athlete,” “women doctor,” “lady guard,” and “working wives.” This notion works for men who enter traditionally female jobs like “male nurses,” “male nannies,” or “male secretaries.”

A language lacking parallelism fosters unequal gender relations (For example, Man and Wife). It assumes that men remain men and women's identities are submerged into beings about their spouses.

Men who worked overtime were regarded as “providers,” whereas women who did the same were “uncaring.” This polarization of adjectives shows how awareness does change how one sees individual acts, depending on who performs them.

Men who worked overtime were regarded as “providers,” whereas women who did the same were “uncaring.” This polarization of adjectives shows how awareness does change how one sees individual acts, depending on who performs them.

Another example of "the problem that has no name" was Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique, in 1963. Friedan described middle-class homemakers' discontent in the United States during the 1950s to 1960s. Friedan was able to highlight the structural oppression experienced by homemakers. Despite their basic needs being met, they could take control of their lives due to society’s limits on their reproduction.

A language that admonishes individual acts depending on one’s gender is a

Common themes of sexist language are the commercialization and trivialization of women

are interests that men or women develop through the "virtue of their social positioning through gender traits."

two different gender needs

These are focused on women's immediate survival requirements, such as food, housing, healthcare, and job. These demands are created by women based on their experiences, are regarded as essential right away, and are identified by women in their environments.

These result from a woman's strategic gender interests because of her socialized gender position as a woman of lower social rank. Lack of political representation, an unfair gender wage gap, violence against women, and a lack of equitable pay are all demands resulting from gender inequality.

Growth and development issues don't significantly impact how a person structures their life.

defined by how much a country can produce, consume, and earn and is measured in the Gross National Product (GNP) and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

The entire market value of all final goods and services produced by citizens in or outside the country each year is known as the

The entire market value of all final goods and services produced inside a country each year is the

The greater the GDP and GNP, the more economic activity there is. An economy increases the gross domestic product (GDP) because more people earn higher wages and purchase more goods, increasing production.

The more commodities or services consumed, the more essential resources for human subsistence are depleted. Humanity is currently experiencing a severe water shortage. Every year, the globe loses millions of species of flora and fauna. Forests are fast disappearing.

The world's petroleum supply is also declining and will eventually run out. According to scientists, we have hit "peak oil." Peak oil is when all readily available oil has been depleted. The remaining petroleum supply comes from difficult-to-quantify sources.

is causing a severe water shortage that will soon reach crisis proportions.

is a revolutionary model for empowering women. It advances women's liberation by realizing the capacity of women to become an agent of change. This builds the possibilities of women as agents of change in a holistic perspective based on women’s culture, the system of values, and understanding and economic structures and social networks.

The essential purpose of WDC is to support women's initiatives that liberate themselves without imposing ideas.

Women’s development must be rooted in transforming the totality of the societal/cultural and economic realities that shape and limit women’s agency. They should be agents of their development according to their understanding of human growth. Women today are said to have acquired economic power. They can now shape corporate policies as executives and consumers who have bought fuels. This progress means that women can influence what gets manufactured, how employees are treated, and what safety standards should be adopted.

may be detrimental to everyone, but it has a more negative impact on women. The economic system intervenes and harvests nature into commodities using energy-hungry multistep processes. This intervention, transformation, accumulation, and consumption cycle forms destructive development.

Since women have valuable knowledge about ecological preservation, solidarity building, and shared prosperity, they can enlighten the dominant system about building a more sustainable and humane economic order amidst global warming and poverty threats.

Women participating in cheap labor must take an additional burden of child-rearing. Women suffer from the adverse health effects of global warming, industrialization, and expanding urbanization, which directly affect the pursuit of growth. Backyard farmers suffer from competition with giant food corporations, and the national government supports the entry of global, multinational corporations into their territories.

When industrialization peaked, and cheap labor was needed to address growing worker demands, women were made to fill the gap. Women are expected to produce and raise the future workforce for industries with the double burden of child-rearing and income generation.

Today, food is controlled by a few large corporations that value profit over ecology. Big companies plant on large farms where the ton will grow their crops. They use massive machinery that pumps large amounts of chemicals. This is advantageous to big companies because: They get a supply in size and shape that they can process in large volumes efficiently; Producing this way provides a cheap supply because it can be farmed in mass production. This allows a big company to earn more. After all, they are the primary buyers of most farmers; thus, they can dictate the buying price to the farmers. This factory farming system allows other multinational corporations to earn more money by producing and selling the inputs required by the seeds.

The problems with this form of production are: It pollutes the water system and destroys the soil; Small farmers do not earn enough from this system because they have to keep buying expensive inputs from multinational corporations; Farmers have to borrow money for these inputs from traders who charge high-interest rates; and This system promotes __________, which means that many species of plants will get wiped out because farmers no longer cultivate them.

Since the 1900s, farmers worldwide have abandoned their diverse local variety in favor of genetically homogenous high-yielding kinds, resulting in a loss of 75 percent of plant genetic diversity.

Around ____ of livestock breeds are at risk of extinction; six species are lost monthly.

Since the _____, farmers worldwide have abandoned their diverse local variety in favor of genetically homogenous high-yielding kinds, resulting in a loss of 75 percent of plant genetic diversity.

Today, ___ of the world’s food is generated from ___ plants and ___ animal species.

humans and only three (rice, corn, and wheat) contribute roughly___ of the calories and proteins plants receive.

Animals provide some 30% of human requirements for food and agriculture, and 12% of the population lives almost entirely on products from ruminants (animals that chew again what has been swallowed).