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It states that all men are filled with instrumental roles in society while women are filled with expressive roles for the benefit of the society.
It states that all men are filled with instrumental roles in society while women are filled with expressive roles for the benefit of the society.
Functionalist Theory
Explains social behavior in terms of how people interact with each other. It emphasizes that human behavior is influenced through interaction with others. It aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role symbols in human interaction.
Explains social behavior in terms of how people interact with each other. It emphasizes that human behavior is influenced through interaction with others. It aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role symbols in human interaction.
Symbolic Interactionist Theory
It once meant cheerful l, but in 1960s it carried primary meaning of homosexual
It once meant cheerful l, but in 1960s it carried primary meaning of homosexual
Gay
This theory argues that individuals and groups within society interact based on conflict over limited resources
This theory argues that individuals and groups within society interact based on conflict over limited resources
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It is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity
It is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity
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He saw society as fragmented into groups that compete for social and economic resources
He saw society as fragmented into groups that compete for social and economic resources
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Gender is placed in its bias to men since they are the major player in politics, governance, and economic and social activities
Gender is placed in its bias to men since they are the major player in politics, governance, and economic and social activities
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Gender pay gaps between men and women in the workforce
Gender pay gaps between men and women in the workforce
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It aims to understand gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power, relations and sexuality. Focuses more on the promotion of women's rights and interests and examines inequalities in gender-related issues.
It aims to understand gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power, relations and sexuality. Focuses more on the promotion of women's rights and interests and examines inequalities in gender-related issues.
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Is a philosophy centered around the condition of black women- who experience oppression both based on race and sex-- in patriarchal, white dominated, capitalist western society
Is a philosophy centered around the condition of black women- who experience oppression both based on race and sex-- in patriarchal, white dominated, capitalist western society
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Refers to separist idea that women innately possess an evolved essence, which distinguishes them from men, giving them societal advantages that culture at large has historically qualified as weaknesses.
Refers to separist idea that women innately possess an evolved essence, which distinguishes them from men, giving them societal advantages that culture at large has historically qualified as weaknesses.
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Aligns the historical and present day oppression of both women and the environment arguing that patriarchal societies have used the same methods to dominate the planets resources as they must control women.
Aligns the historical and present day oppression of both women and the environment arguing that patriarchal societies have used the same methods to dominate the planets resources as they must control women.
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They believed that respecting and prioritizing a healthy planet is integral to achieving true quality
They believed that respecting and prioritizing a healthy planet is integral to achieving true quality
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Mainly focuses on achieving women's rights and social justice through legal and political reform applied to existing social structures. It focuse on abortion rights, sexual harassment, affordable childcare, reproductive rights, and domestic violence
Mainly focuses on achieving women's rights and social justice through legal and political reform applied to existing social structures. It focuse on abortion rights, sexual harassment, affordable childcare, reproductive rights, and domestic violence
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Teaches that achieving gender equality will involve dismantling capitalist economic systems that exploit and undervalue women's labor
Teaches that achieving gender equality will involve dismantling capitalist economic systems that exploit and undervalue women's labor
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Aims to educate people on how race influence gender constructions and oppression.
Aims to educate people on how race influence gender constructions and oppression.
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Believes that society prioritizes the male experience and that gender roles are so far ingrained in every facet of modern life that true equality can only be achieved with a complete overhaul of the current societal system
Believes that society prioritizes the male experience and that gender roles are so far ingrained in every facet of modern life that true equality can only be achieved with a complete overhaul of the current societal system
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Have campaigned and continue to campaign for womens rights including the right to vote, run for public office, work, earn equal pay, own property, received education, enter contracts, have equal rights within marriage, and maternity leave
Have campaigned and continue to campaign for womens rights including the right to vote, run for public office, work, earn equal pay, own property, received education, enter contracts, have equal rights within marriage, and maternity leave
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It explains why society functions the way it does by emphasizing on the relationships between the various social institutions.
It explains why society functions the way it does by emphasizing on the relationships between the various social institutions.
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Sigmund Frued believed that the relationship of the child and Early experiences with the parents or guardians is crucial in the child's gender identity
Sigmund Frued believed that the relationship of the child and Early experiences with the parents or guardians is crucial in the child's gender identity
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The pleasure seekee portion of our personality. Inconsiderate other circumstances - all it cares about its own satisfaction. Basic impulses seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive. Operates at unconscious level.
The pleasure seekee portion of our personality. Inconsiderate other circumstances - all it cares about its own satisfaction. Basic impulses seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive. Operates at unconscious level.
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Executive mediating between id impulses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational. Operates mainly at conscious level but also at pre conscious level
Executive mediating between id impulses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational. Operates mainly at conscious level but also at pre conscious level
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Ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a persons conscience. Operates mostly at pre conscious level
Ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a persons conscience. Operates mostly at pre conscious level
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This psychosexual development stage occurs between ages three to six. During this time, the child's libido is focused on his or her genitals
This psychosexual development stage occurs between ages three to six. During this time, the child's libido is focused on his or her genitals
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In psychoanalytic theory, a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concominant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal development process. Sigmund freud introduced the concept in his interpretation of dreams.
In psychoanalytic theory, a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concominant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal development process. Sigmund freud introduced the concept in his interpretation of dreams.
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A term used to describe the female version of the oedipus complex. It involves a girl, aged between 3-6, becoming subconsciously sexually attached to her father and increasingly hostile toward her mother.
A term used to describe the female version of the oedipus complex. It involves a girl, aged between 3-6, becoming subconsciously sexually attached to her father and increasingly hostile toward her mother.
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He developed the theory, a girl starts competing with the mothet for her fathers affection
He developed the theory, a girl starts competing with the mothet for her fathers affection
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He argued that all of us were born with a sense of inferiority as evidenced by how weak and helpless a newborn is. He was able to explain that this inferiority is a crucial part of our personality, in a sense that it is the driving force that pushes us to strive becoming superior.
He argued that all of us were born with a sense of inferiority as evidenced by how weak and helpless a newborn is. He was able to explain that this inferiority is a crucial part of our personality, in a sense that it is the driving force that pushes us to strive becoming superior.
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Child social development
Child social development
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Emphasizes the childs environment and learning experiences. It recognizes the importance of role modeling and reinforcement in the development of child's social behavior. Child recognize the differences between boys and girls and the consequences of their actions, either rewards or punishment.
Emphasizes the childs environment and learning experiences. It recognizes the importance of role modeling and reinforcement in the development of child's social behavior. Child recognize the differences between boys and girls and the consequences of their actions, either rewards or punishment.
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Refers to persons tendency to learn vicariously by observing other people engage in gender - type behaviors and witnessing the responses that these people received from others.
Refers to persons tendency to learn vicariously by observing other people engage in gender - type behaviors and witnessing the responses that these people received from others.
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It states that intelligence is brough ahout by a series of transformation and interactions with the environment in various stages in life. It explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world which may differ from time to time as he or she grows
It states that intelligence is brough ahout by a series of transformation and interactions with the environment in various stages in life. It explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world which may differ from time to time as he or she grows
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He pioneered contends that childrens ideas about gender develop in stage - like manner. That is, as children reached a certain level of cognitive maturity.
He pioneered contends that childrens ideas about gender develop in stage - like manner. That is, as children reached a certain level of cognitive maturity.
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Highlights the adaptive value of within species variability. Optimal biological and behavioral strategies differ depending on the nature of the environmental context as well as the characteristic of the organism such as age, sex health.
Highlights the adaptive value of within species variability. Optimal biological and behavioral strategies differ depending on the nature of the environmental context as well as the characteristic of the organism such as age, sex health.
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This approach is based on three assumptions: women are passive recipients of development; motherhood is the most important role for women and child rearing is the most effective task for women. Emerged in 1960s, calling for treatment of womens issues in development projects. It is the integration of women into the global economies by improving their status and assisting in total development
This approach is based on three assumptions: women are passive recipients of development; motherhood is the most important role for women and child rearing is the most effective task for women. Emerged in 1960s, calling for treatment of womens issues in development projects. It is the integration of women into the global economies by improving their status and assisting in total development
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Approach focuses on the socially constructed differences between men and women.
Approach focuses on the socially constructed differences between men and women.
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It is the only human rights treaty which affirms the reproductive rights of women and targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and family relations. It affirms women's rights to acquire, change or retain their nationality and the nationality of their children.
It is the only human rights treaty which affirms the reproductive rights of women and targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and family relations. It affirms women's rights to acquire, change or retain their nationality and the nationality of their children.
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When did CEDAW signed?
When did CEDAW signed?
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When did CEDAW ratified?
When did CEDAW ratified?
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Is a landmark document for advancing womens rights and gender equality worldwide, agreed upon during the 4th World conference on women in 1995
Is a landmark document for advancing womens rights and gender equality worldwide, agreed upon during the 4th World conference on women in 1995
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A critical discourse developed in 1990s in order to deconstruct sexuality and gender in the wake of gay identity politics, which had tender to rely on strategic essentialism. Opposed to gender essentialism, queer theorist see sexuality as a discursive social construction, fluid, plural, and continually negotiated rather than natural, fixed, core identity.
A critical discourse developed in 1990s in order to deconstruct sexuality and gender in the wake of gay identity politics, which had tender to rely on strategic essentialism. Opposed to gender essentialism, queer theorist see sexuality as a discursive social construction, fluid, plural, and continually negotiated rather than natural, fixed, core identity.
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Study Notes
Functionalism
- Views society as a complex system with interconnected parts working together for stability
- Emphasizes social roles and how they contribute to the smooth functioning of society
- Argues that men and women have distinct roles: men are instrumental (providers, protectors), women are expressive (nurturers, caregivers)
- Explains social behavior through interactions between individuals and groups
Symbolic Interactionism
- Focuses on the meaning individuals attach to symbols and how these influence their interactions
- Believes that social behavior is learned through interactions with others, shaping our understanding of the world
- Symbolism plays a crucial role in how we interpret and understand human behavior
Conflict Theory
- Views society as an arena of power struggles between groups competing for limited resources.
- Society is maintained by domination and power dynamics, not consensus.
- Contends that those in power use their advantages to maintain control and privilege
- Explains social inequalities and how they are perpetuated
Feminist Theory
- Examines gender inequality and the systematic disadvantages faced by women
- Analyzes power dynamics, relationships, and sexuality to understand gender politics
- Advocates for women's rights, equality, and challenging discriminatory practices
Black Feminist Theory
- Centers on the experiences of black women in a society where both race and sex shape oppression
- Critiques the intersectionality of racism and sexism within patriarchal capitalist systems
- Highlighting the unique challenges and experiences of black women
Ecofeminism
- Links the oppression of women to the exploitation of the environment
- Argues patriarchal societies view both women and nature as subordinate and subject to control
- Emphasize the interconnectedness of social justice and environmental sustainability
- Promotes ecological consciousness and women's empowerment
Liberal Feminism
- Aims for gender equality through legal and political reforms within existing social structures
- Advocates for equal opportunities and access to resources for women
- Focuses on issues like abortion rights, sexual harassment, childcare, reproductive rights, and domestic violence
Socialist Feminism
- Argues for dismantling capitalist systems that oppress women
- Highlights how capitalism exploits women's labor and perpetuates gender inequality
- Seeks to create a more just and equitable society for all by transforming economic systems
Radical Feminism
- Believes that gender roles are deeply ingrained in society, requiring a fundamental overhaul for true equality
- Prioritizes female experiences and challenges the male-dominated power structures
- Advocates for radical social and political transformation
First Wave Feminism
- Focused on gaining legal and political rights for women, including suffrage (right to vote), property ownership, education, and equal rights within marriage
- Spearheaded by activists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Structural Functionalism
- Explains how various social institutions work together to contribute to society's overall functioning
- Argues that gender roles are essential for societal stability and harmony
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Sigmund Freud’s theory emphasizes early childhood experiences and their influence on personality development, particularly regarding gender identity
- Focuses on the interaction of the id, ego, and superego in shaping a person's behavior
The Id
- The pleasure-seeking part of personality, driven by instinctual urges for immediate gratification
- Operates at the unconscious level, motivated by primal desires and impulses
The Ego
- Acts as the mediator between the id's desires and the superego's constraints
- Operates mainly at the conscious level, responsible for rational thinking, decision-making, and reality testing
The Superego
- Represents internalized moral standards and values derived from parents and society
- Acts as a conscience, dictating what is right/wrong and striving for perfection
- Operates predominantly at the preconscious level
The Phallic Stage
- A stage in psychosexual development (ages 3-6) where the child's libido is focused on their genitals
- Plays a crucial role in developing gender identity and forming attachments to parents
The Oedipus Complex
- Freud's theory suggesting a child's unconscious desire for sexual intimacy with the parent of the opposite sex and a sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex
The Electra Complex
- The female equivalent of the Oedipus Complex
- Involves a young girl's subconscious attachment to her father and rivalry with her mother
Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology
- Argues that individuals are driven by a sense of inferiority stemming from childhood vulnerability
- This sense of inferiority motivates us to strive for superiority and contribute to society
Social Learning Theory
- Emphasizes the role of environment and learning experiences in shaping social behavior
- Belief that children acquire gender roles through observation, imitation, and reinforcement
Observational Learning
- Individuals learn behaviors by observing others and the consequences of their actions
- Children witness how others behave based on their gender and the responses they receive
Cognitive Developmental Theory
- Explains how understanding of gender develops through stages of cognitive maturity
- Children actively construct mental models of the world as they grow and interact with their environment
Stage-Like Gender Development
- Children's understanding of gender progresses incrementally, influenced by cognitive development
- They learn to categorize themselves and others based on gender
Evolutionary Psychology
- Explains gender differences through natural selection and evolutionary adaptations
- Highlights that different biological and behavioral strategies are advantageous for different environments
The "Woman as the Passive Recipient" Perspective
- Viewpoint where women are seen as solely responsible for child-rearing and confined to domestic roles
- Perpetuates traditional gender roles and limits women's opportunities
Women in Development
- Emerged in the 1960s to address women's issues in development projects
- Focuses on integrating women into global economies and empowering them through improved status and development initiatives
Gender Construction
- Focuses on the socially constructed differences between men and women
- Examines how cultural and social factors shape gender roles, behaviors, and expectations
CEDAW
- The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
- A United Nations human rights treaty promoting women's equal rights and opportunities
- Addresses gender equality across the world through cultural and legal reform
Fourth World Conference on Women
- Held in 1995, where the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, a landmark document advocating for the advancement of women's rights and gender equality, was adopted
Queer Theory
- Emerged in the 1990s to challenge traditional notions of sexuality and gender
- Views sexuality as fluid and socially constructed, not fixed or natural
- Disrupts essentialist ideas about gender and sexual identity
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Theories on Gender
