Questions and Answers
The conscious mind encompasses all thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that an individual is currently aware of.
True
Hermeneutics is the study of the structure of consciousness from a first-person perspective.
False
According to Thorstein Veblen, institutions represent the social generalization of collectively shared habits of thought.
True
The regulative pillar is one of the three institutional pillars of institutionalism, along with the cultural-cognitive and normative pillars.
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William Richard Scott defined institutions as social structures that have attained a low degree of resilience.
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The id, as described by Sigmund Freud, operates based on the reality principle rather than the pleasure principle.
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According to psychoanalysis, conscious psychological conflicts play a minor role in shaping behavior and personality.
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The rational choice theory states that individuals make choices based solely on rational calculations to achieve personal objectives, disregarding any emotional or irrational factors.
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Institutionalism is a governance approach that studies how institutions evolve over time through inductive, historical, and comparative methods.
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Feminist theory asserts that women are superior to men.
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$\text{Hermeneutical phenomenology centralizes the use of experience to understand the meaning of being a human}$.
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The human environment system theory suggests that the environment has no influence on human perceptions and behavior.
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Study Notes
Levels of the Mind
- The three levels of the mind are the Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious.
- The Conscious Mind includes thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that we are currently aware of.
- The Preconscious Mind consists of thoughts and feelings that are not currently in our awareness but can be easily brought to consciousness.
- The Unconscious Mind is the deepest level of consciousness, containing thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories that are not readily available to conscious awareness.
Theories and Concepts
Psychoanalysis
- Psychoanalysis is composed of three components of personality structure: the ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO.
- Psychoanalysis places great emphasis on the role of unconscious psychological conflicts in shaping behavior and personality.
Other Theories
- Rational Choice Theory, proposed by Adam Smith, states that individuals use rational calculations to make rational choices and achieve outcomes that align with their personal objectives.
- Institutionalism studies institutions that have a long lineage using inductive, historical, and comparative methods.
- Feminist Theory, associated with Mary Wollstonecraft, emphasizes the idea that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities.
- Hermeneutical Phenomenology, associated with Martin Heidegger, centralizes the use of experience to understand the meaning of being human.
- Human Environment System involves a two-way interaction between the human system and the environment.
Key Figures
- Sigmund Freud: Proponent of Psychoanalysis and regarded as one of the most influential and controversial minds of the 20th century.
- Adam Smith: Proponent of Rational Choice Theory.
- Thorstein Veblen: Proponent of Institutionalism, who said habit and institution are associated since institutions represent the social generalization of collectively shared habits of thought.
- Mary Wollstonecraft: Proponent of Feminist Theory.
- Martin Heidegger: Proponent of Hermeneutical Phenomenology.
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