Retroviruses and Papillomaviruses CEPHR
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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of v-src in Rous Sarcoma virus?

  • It originated from a viral gene
  • It originated from a cellular counterpart c-src (correct)
  • It was inserted by a retrovirus
  • It was formed by a mutation in the LTR
  • How do cis-activating retroviruses contribute to cancer development?

  • By inserting a promoter near an oncogene (correct)
  • By inducing a mutation in the LTR
  • By inserting an enhancer far from an oncogene
  • By inactivating a tumor suppressor gene
  • What is the mechanism by which HTLV-1 causes adult T cell leukemia (ATL)?

  • By integrating into a specific site in the host genome
  • By inserting a promoter near an oncogene
  • By inactivating a tumor suppressor gene
  • By expressing viral oncogenic proteins TAX1/HBZ (correct)
  • What is the global distribution of HTLV-1?

    <p>It is found only in certain regions of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many subtypes of HTLV are there?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of HTLV-1?

    <p>Through human-human transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) in retroviral integration?

    <p>To promote integration into the host genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between transducing and cis-activating retroviruses?

    <p>Their mechanism of gene regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of HTLV-1 infection?

    <p>Cutaneous manifestations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Tax protein in HTLV-1 infection?

    <p>To activate cellular genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of cancer development associated with 'high risk' HPV infection?

    <p>E6 and E7 proteins inhibit tumor suppressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in retroviruses?

    <p>To transcribe viral RNA into DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of HTLV transmission?

    <p>Cell-to-cell transmission through virological synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL) cells?

    <p>Elevated, morphologically abnormal T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis of Chronic ATL?

    <p>Moderate prognosis with a 5-year survival rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)?

    <p>Stiff gait progressing slowly to increasing spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Tax protein in the HTLV lifecycle?

    <p>To transactivate viral gene expression and immortalize primary CD4+ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Tax1 transgenic mice?

    <p>They develop splenomegaly and a disease model similar to ATL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of infection with low risk HPV genotypes?

    <p>Benign warts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is NOT associated with HPV?

    <p>Tax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of chronic infection with HTLV-1?

    <p>Adult T cell leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the E6 and E7 proteins in HPV infection?

    <p>They are oncogenic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the availability of a vaccine against HPV?

    <p>A safe and effective vaccine is available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HBZ in HTLV-1 infection?

    <p>Promotes latency and prevents mbaughton cosmic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Papillomaviruses?

    <p>Double-stranded circular DNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical manifestation of Low-Risk (LR) HPV genotypes in cutaneous infections?

    <p>Benign cutaneous warts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are High-Risk (HR) HPV genotypes transmitted?

    <p>Sexual transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HPV 16, 18, 31, and 45 in cervical cancer?

    <p>They contribute to the development of cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the integration of Oncogenic viral genes E6 and E7 into the host genome?

    <p>Inactivation of cellular tumor suppressor proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Anti-L1 antibodies in HPV infection?

    <p>They are virus-neutralizing and type-specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the HPV vaccine Gardasil 9?

    <p>L1 virus-like particles with conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the immune response against HPV infection?

    <p>Clearance of the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Koilocytes in HPV infection?

    <p>They are abnormal squamous epithelium cells as a result of HPV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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