Retrieval Cues Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a retrieval cue?

  • A type of memory storage
  • A method of memory recall
  • Hint or suggestion that can help pull information from long term memory (correct)
  • A cognitive bias in memory

What is a context-dependant cue?

Environmental cues specific to the information at the time of learning.

Define state-dependant cues.

Related to a person's psychological state at the time of learning.

What is rehearsal in the context of memory?

<p>Consciously manipulating information so it can be retained in long term memory instead of short term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does maintenance rehearsal involve?

<p>Repeating information over and over again so it can be retained for longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define elaborative rehearsal.

<p>Linking new information in a meaningful way with other information already stored in long term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the self-reference effect?

<p>Linking information to personal experiences to act as a memory cue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the serial position effect?

<p>Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the primacy effect.

<p>The more accurate recall of items presented at the beginning of a list due to them being rehearsed and likely already stored in long term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recency effect?

<p>The more accurate recall of items presented at the end of a list due to them still being in short term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eye-witness testimony?

<p>A firsthand account of an event from an individual who experienced it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are leading questions?

<p>Contains information that should or must be true for the question to make sense, can influence a witness's memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Loftus and Palmer's (1974) investigation about?

<p>An investigation on the influence of question wording on memory and information supplied after an event on a witness's memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Retrieval Cues

  • Retrieval Cue: A hint or suggestion that aids in recovering information from Long Term Memory (LTM).

Context-Dependent Cues

  • Context-Dependent Cue: Environmental factors present during learning that can assist in retrieval later.

State-Dependent Cues

  • State-Dependent Cue: Memory retrieval influenced by the psychological state at the time of learning.

Rehearsal Techniques

  • Rehearsal: Deliberate repetition or manipulation of information to preserve it in Long Term Memory rather than Short Term Memory.
  • Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeatedly going over information to retain it for an extended period.
  • Elaborative Rehearsal: Connecting new information with existing knowledge in a meaningful way to enhance retention.

Memory Effects

  • Self-Reference Effect: Enhancing memory by linking information to personal experiences, serving as an effective cue.
  • Serial Position Effect: Tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.
  • Primacy Effect: Improved recall of items presented at the beginning of a list due to increased rehearsal and storage in LTM.
  • Recency Effect: Enhanced recall of items at the end of a list as they remain in Short Term Memory.

Eye-Witness Testimony

  • Eye-Witness Testimony: A personal account from someone who witnessed an event, often found to be unreliable due to memory reconstruction and susceptibility to suggestion.
  • Leading Questions: Questions framed to imply certain information is true, potentially distorting a witness's memory.

Research Reference

  • Loftus and Palmer (1974): Study examining how question wording affects memory and the reliability of eyewitness accounts based on post-event information.

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