Retrieval Cues Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a retrieval cue?

A type of memory storage

A method of memory recall

Hint or suggestion that can help pull information from long term memory (correct)

A cognitive bias in memory

What is a context-dependant cue?

Environmental cues specific to the information at the time of learning.

Define state-dependant cues.

Related to a person's psychological state at the time of learning.

What is rehearsal in the context of memory?

Consciously manipulating information so it can be retained in long term memory instead of short term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What does maintenance rehearsal involve?

Repeating information over and over again so it can be retained for longer. Signup and view all the answers

Define elaborative rehearsal.

Linking new information in a meaningful way with other information already stored in long term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is the self-reference effect?

Linking information to personal experiences to act as a memory cue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the serial position effect?

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. Signup and view all the answers

Define the primacy effect.

The more accurate recall of items presented at the beginning of a list due to them being rehearsed and likely already stored in long term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recency effect?

The more accurate recall of items presented at the end of a list due to them still being in short term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is eye-witness testimony?

A firsthand account of an event from an individual who experienced it. Signup and view all the answers

What are leading questions?

Contains information that should or must be true for the question to make sense, can influence a witness's memory. Signup and view all the answers

What was Loftus and Palmer's (1974) investigation about?

An investigation on the influence of question wording on memory and information supplied after an event on a witness's memory. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Retrieval Cues

Retrieval Cue: A hint or suggestion that aids in recovering information from Long Term Memory (LTM).

Context-Dependent Cues

Context-Dependent Cue: Environmental factors present during learning that can assist in retrieval later.

State-Dependent Cues

State-Dependent Cue: Memory retrieval influenced by the psychological state at the time of learning.

Rehearsal Techniques

Rehearsal: Deliberate repetition or manipulation of information to preserve it in Long Term Memory rather than Short Term Memory.
Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeatedly going over information to retain it for an extended period.
Elaborative Rehearsal: Connecting new information with existing knowledge in a meaningful way to enhance retention.

Memory Effects

Self-Reference Effect: Enhancing memory by linking information to personal experiences, serving as an effective cue.
Serial Position Effect: Tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.
Primacy Effect: Improved recall of items presented at the beginning of a list due to increased rehearsal and storage in LTM.
Recency Effect: Enhanced recall of items at the end of a list as they remain in Short Term Memory.

Eye-Witness Testimony

Eye-Witness Testimony: A personal account from someone who witnessed an event, often found to be unreliable due to memory reconstruction and susceptibility to suggestion.
Leading Questions: Questions framed to imply certain information is true, potentially distorting a witness's memory.

Research Reference

Loftus and Palmer (1974): Study examining how question wording affects memory and the reliability of eyewitness accounts based on post-event information.

Description

Explore the concepts of retrieval cues through these flashcards. Each card provides definitions of key terms such as retrieval cue, context-dependent cue, and state-dependent cues, enhancing your understanding of memory recall. Perfect for students looking to grasp the fundamentals of memory techniques.