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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of ocular myopathies in elderly individuals?
What is the most common feature of ocular myasthenia?
What is the term for paralysis of the ocular muscles?
What is the characteristic of Elbert-Lambert myasthenic syndrome?
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What is the type of retinal detachment caused by a tear or break in the retina?
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What is the feature of myotonic dystrophy?
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What is a common symptom of age-related macular degeneration?
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What is the main characteristic of dry, age-related macular degeneration?
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What is the result of the new blood vessels growing in wet, age-related macular degeneration?
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What is the potential outcome of the damage caused by wet, age-related macular degeneration?
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What is the difference between dry and wet, age-related macular degeneration?
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What is a common symptom of retinal diseases such as Coats disease?
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At what age is a person more at risk of developing age-related macular degeneration?
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What is a risk factor for retinal diseases?
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What is a cause of retinal diseases?
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What is the purpose of retinopexy in treating retinal diseases?
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What is the role of laser treatment in retinal diseases?
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At what week of pregnancy do the blood vessels of the retina start to form?
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What happens to the normal vessels growth if a baby is born prematurely?
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What is the main reason for the growth of abnormal blood vessels in ROP?
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ROP?
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What is the role of healthcare professionals in ROP?
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What is a potential complication of ROP?
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Study Notes
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Difficulty reading small print, even with glasses, and straight lines appearing wavy or distorted are symptoms of AMD
- There are two types: dry (most common, gradual, and causes central vision changes) and wet (quick, serious, and causes bleeding and scarring)
Wet AMD
- Develops quickly, causing serious changes in central vision
- Body grows new blood vessels to fix macula cells, but these vessels cause swelling, bleeding, and scarring, leading to blank patches in the center of sight
Ocular Myopathies
- Disease of the eye muscles in the elderly, causing progressive weakness of the ocular muscles
- Characterized by immobility of the eye and drooping of the upper eyelid
- Types: Ocular myasthenia, Ophthalmoplagia, Elbert-Lambert myasthenic syndrome, and Myotonic dystrophy
Ocular Myasthenia
- 2/3 of patients have ptosis and diplopia
- Clinical features: ptosis, diplopia, and nystagmoid movement
Ophthalmoplagia
- Group of disorders characterized by ptosis and slowly progressive bilateral ocular immobility
- Signs: bilateral ptosis and symmetrical loss of eye movement
Elbert-Lambert Myasthenic Syndrome
- Signs: ptosis and diplopia
Myotonic Dystrophy
- Characterized by delayed muscular relaxation after cessation of voluntary effort
- Clinical features: early onset of cataract, mild pigmentary retinopathy, bilateral optic atrophy, and low intraocular pressure
Retinal Detachment
- Separation of the retina from its normal connection at the back of the eye
- Types: Rhegmatogenous (tear or break in the retina), Tractional (scar on the retinal surface), and Exudative (frequently caused by retinal diseases)
Symptoms of Retinal Detachment
- Sudden appearance of floaters
- Blurred vision
- Gradual reduction in peripheral vision
- Curtain-like shadow over the visual field
- Flashes of light in one or both eyes
Risk Factors and Causes of Retinal Detachment
- Age over 50 years
- Family history
- Severe myopia
- Previous eye surgery
- Previous eye injury
- Previous eye disease or inflammation
- Causes: sagging vitreous, injury, and advanced diabetes mellitus
Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal Detachment
- Retinal examination by ophthalmoscope
- Ultrasound
- Treatment: Laser, freezing (cryopexy), retinopexy (gas bubble in the eye), and vitrectomy
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
- Eye disease occurring in premature or low birth weight babies
- Abnormal blood vessels grow on the retina, which may shrink and disappear or continue to grow, causing retinal scarring
Factors Responsible for ROP
- Low birth weight
- Premature birth
- Anemia
- Blood transfusion
- Respiratory distress
- Breathing difficulties
Eye and Vision Problems of ROP
- Myopia
- Retinal detachment
- Amblyopia
- Strabismus
- Glaucoma
- Blindness
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Description
Test your knowledge on Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), an eye disease that affects premature or low birth weight babies, its causes, and its effects on the retina. Learn about the abnormal blood vessels growth and its treatment. This quiz covers the factors responsible for the development of ROP.
