Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of ocular myopathies in elderly individuals?

  • Bilateral loss of vision
  • Sudden onset of symptoms
  • Reversible damage to the oculomotor nerve
  • Slowly progressive weakness of the ocular muscles (correct)

    • What is the most common feature of ocular myasthenia?

  • Early onset of cataract
  • Bilateral optic atrophy
  • Ptosis and diplopia (correct)
  • Nystagmoid movement

    • What is the term for paralysis of the ocular muscles?

  • Retinal detachment
  • Myotonic dystrophy
  • Ocular myasthenia
  • Ophthalmoplagia (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of Elbert-Lambert myasthenic syndrome?

    <p>Ptosis and diplopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of retinal detachment caused by a tear or break in the retina?

    <p>Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of myotonic dystrophy?

    <p>Delayed muscular relaxation after cessation of voluntary effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Difficulty in reading small print even with reading glasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of dry, age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Gradual breakdown of light-sensitive cells in the macula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the new blood vessels growing in wet, age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Swelling and bleeding underneath the macula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential outcome of the damage caused by wet, age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>A blank patch in the centre of sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between dry and wet, age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>One develops slowly, the other develops quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of retinal diseases such as Coats disease?

    <p>Sudden appearance of floaters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is a person more at risk of developing age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>50 years or over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for retinal diseases?

    <p>Family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of retinal diseases?

    <p>Advanced diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of retinopexy in treating retinal diseases?

    <p>To put a gas bubble in the eye to help the retina move to its normal position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of laser treatment in retinal diseases?

    <p>To stop the progression of retinal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what week of pregnancy do the blood vessels of the retina start to form?

    <p>16 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the normal vessels growth if a baby is born prematurely?

    <p>It stops growing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the growth of abnormal blood vessels in ROP?

    <p>Lack of oxygen and nutrients at the edge of the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ROP?

    <p>High birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of healthcare professionals in ROP?

    <p>To refer suspected cases to an ophthalmologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of ROP?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Difficulty reading small print, even with glasses, and straight lines appearing wavy or distorted are symptoms of AMD
    • There are two types: dry (most common, gradual, and causes central vision changes) and wet (quick, serious, and causes bleeding and scarring)

    Wet AMD

    • Develops quickly, causing serious changes in central vision
    • Body grows new blood vessels to fix macula cells, but these vessels cause swelling, bleeding, and scarring, leading to blank patches in the center of sight

    Ocular Myopathies

    • Disease of the eye muscles in the elderly, causing progressive weakness of the ocular muscles
    • Characterized by immobility of the eye and drooping of the upper eyelid
    • Types: Ocular myasthenia, Ophthalmoplagia, Elbert-Lambert myasthenic syndrome, and Myotonic dystrophy

    Ocular Myasthenia

    • 2/3 of patients have ptosis and diplopia
    • Clinical features: ptosis, diplopia, and nystagmoid movement

    Ophthalmoplagia

    • Group of disorders characterized by ptosis and slowly progressive bilateral ocular immobility
    • Signs: bilateral ptosis and symmetrical loss of eye movement

    Elbert-Lambert Myasthenic Syndrome

    • Signs: ptosis and diplopia

    Myotonic Dystrophy

    • Characterized by delayed muscular relaxation after cessation of voluntary effort
    • Clinical features: early onset of cataract, mild pigmentary retinopathy, bilateral optic atrophy, and low intraocular pressure

    Retinal Detachment

    • Separation of the retina from its normal connection at the back of the eye
    • Types: Rhegmatogenous (tear or break in the retina), Tractional (scar on the retinal surface), and Exudative (frequently caused by retinal diseases)

    Symptoms of Retinal Detachment

    • Sudden appearance of floaters
    • Blurred vision
    • Gradual reduction in peripheral vision
    • Curtain-like shadow over the visual field
    • Flashes of light in one or both eyes

    Risk Factors and Causes of Retinal Detachment

    • Age over 50 years
    • Family history
    • Severe myopia
    • Previous eye surgery
    • Previous eye injury
    • Previous eye disease or inflammation
    • Causes: sagging vitreous, injury, and advanced diabetes mellitus

    Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinal Detachment

    • Retinal examination by ophthalmoscope
    • Ultrasound
    • Treatment: Laser, freezing (cryopexy), retinopexy (gas bubble in the eye), and vitrectomy

    Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

    • Eye disease occurring in premature or low birth weight babies
    • Abnormal blood vessels grow on the retina, which may shrink and disappear or continue to grow, causing retinal scarring

    Factors Responsible for ROP

    • Low birth weight
    • Premature birth
    • Anemia
    • Blood transfusion
    • Respiratory distress
    • Breathing difficulties

    Eye and Vision Problems of ROP

    • Myopia
    • Retinal detachment
    • Amblyopia
    • Strabismus
    • Glaucoma
    • Blindness

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), an eye disease that affects premature or low birth weight babies, its causes, and its effects on the retina. Learn about the abnormal blood vessels growth and its treatment. This quiz covers the factors responsible for the development of ROP.

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