Restorative Materials Quiz - Composite Properties
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Questions and Answers

What is the ideal radiopacity of a composite used as a posterior restorative material?

  • Lower than dentine
  • Higher than enamel
  • Non-radiopaque
  • Equal to enamel (correct)

Which type of discoloration is primarily caused by a gap between the restoration and tooth tissues?

  • Bulk discoloration
  • Surface roughness discoloration
  • General surface discoloration
  • Marginal discoloration (correct)

What is a significant challenge when interpreting compressive strength of composites?

  • It is a direct indicator of tensile strength
  • Easy measurement techniques are available
  • Compressive strength is always higher than tensile strength
  • Various failure modes can affect results (correct)

Why is tensile strength measurement considered more meaningful than compressive strength for restorative materials?

<p>Restorations fail more commonly under tension. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can help mitigate general surface discoloration in composite materials?

<p>Polishing with a graded process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of long-term chemical breakdown in amine-cured composites?

<p>Yellowing effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes measuring tensile strength in brittle materials like composites difficult?

<p>Internal flaws and cracks in the surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of discoloration that composites may experience?

<p>Thermal discoloration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for water absorption in composite resins?

<p>Resin content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intrinsic water sorption range is suggested for resins?

<p>40-45 µg/mm³ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which composite type generally has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion?

<p>Micro-filled resins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing filler loading in composite resins have on thermal expansion?

<p>Decreases thermal expansion coefficient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can lead to excess water absorption in composite resins?

<p>Air voids within the material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using thin samples for water sorption measurements?

<p>To obtain accurate water sorption measurements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What composite resin has the highest reported intrinsic water sorption according to the data?

<p>P-30 (3M Dental) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the coefficient of thermal expansion for enamel?

<p>11.4 ppmx.°C⁻¹ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of the diametral tensile test in dental materials?

<p>To determine the tensile strength of a material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wear involves two surfaces rubbing together directly?

<p>Abrasive wear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor may impact the wear resistance of dental composites according to early studies?

<p>The hardness of the material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge in measuring wear in dental materials?

<p>Variation in patient-specific conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes fatigue wear?

<p>It involves cracking due to repeated loading. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wear is associated with chemical attacks through hydrolysis or acid-induced erosion?

<p>Corrosive wear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may laboratory tests not accurately predict in vivo wear of dental composites?

<p>In vitro tests cannot simulate real-life patient variability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which restorative material has the highest diametral tensile strength according to the provided data?

<p>P-30 (3M Dental Products) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the limitations of using hardness as an indicator of wear resistance in composites?

<p>There are inconsistencies with varying filler loadings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is suggested to be crucial for reliably evaluating wear mechanisms in composites?

<p>Combination of lab results, clinical experience, and patient-specific data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can increasing the filler loading in resin composites lead to?

<p>Crumbly and cracking composite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to increase viscosity in resin composites?

<p>Adding plasticizers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of acid etching with phosphoric acid when using composite resins?

<p>To improve adhesion to enamel and dentin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of composite was developed to improve marginal adaptation?

<p>Flowable composites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are flowable composites primarily used for?

<p>Small preparations and margin repairs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of packable composites?

<p>They can be difficult to control due to low viscosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily associated with cytotoxic reactions in composite resins?

<p>Low-molecular-weight monomers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are high-molecular-weight monomers considered less problematic?

<p>They are less likely to leach out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drawback of the resin composite materials in terms of caries?

<p>They progress rapidly with these materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What improvement do contemporary handling characteristics achieve with resin composites?

<p>Better manipulation and sculpting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fluoro-alumino-silicate glass in a polyacid-modified resin composite?

<p>To provide a source of fluoride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for forming the resin matrix in a polyacid-modified resin composite?

<p>Dimethacrylate monomer (e.g., UDMA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the acid-base reaction that helps release fluoride in a compomer?

<p>Water absorption from the oral environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between compomers and standard composite resins?

<p>Compomers include a source of fluoride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do hydrophilic monomers play in polyacid-modified resin composites?

<p>They help transport water and fluoride ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of composite do methacrylated polycarboxylic acid copolymers play a role?

<p>Resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the curing process in compomers?

<p>Blue light activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes compomers from resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs)?

<p>Compomers are modified from composite resins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is critical for the continuous release of fluoride in compomers?

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the copolymerization process involve in compomers?

<p>Mixing an acidic monomer with dimethacrylate monomer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of indirect composite restorations?

<p>They address polymerization shrinkage issues effectively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fiber-reinforced composite is known for having high flexural strength?

<p>Fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason composite restorations are preferred for anterior applications?

<p>Excellent aesthetic properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fiber form is used in the 'Stick-Net' composite product?

<p>Mesh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern remains with composite restorations despite lab curing?

<p>Unreacted methacrylate groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which application are FRCs primarily utilized?

<p>Dental splints and bridges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about posterior restorations is true?

<p>They may present marginal seal issues when not in enamel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of particulate-filled composite resins?

<p>Insufficient strength for certain dental applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with large composite restorations compared to amalgam restorations?

<p>They suffer more from polymerization shrinkage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen as a result of poor adhesion to dentin in composite restorations?

<p>Results in gaps and sensitivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average particle size of filler particles in small-particle hybrid composites?

<p>Less than 1 µm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor complicates the bonding of composites to heavily compromised teeth?

<p>Limited enamel for bonding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit do smaller sized filler particles provide to composites?

<p>Smoother surface finish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are composites more susceptible to wear in posterior restorations?

<p>They face higher occlusal forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which fields has nanotechnology had a significant impact?

<p>Materials science and medicine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does moisture control play in composite restorations?

<p>It improves the adhesive bond strength. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if composite restorations are placed in patients with habitual bruxism?

<p>Wear and potential damage may occur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do complementary particle size distributions benefit filler loading?

<p>They reduce overall filler size and increase packing density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resolution limit of visible light compared to surface irregularities from small filler particles?

<p>0.38 µm to 0.78 µm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of composite materials in comparison to glass ionomer cements (GICs)?

<p>Composites lose fluoride release over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of inadequate marginal adaptation in deep gingival preparations?

<p>Higher chance of microleakage and sensitivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does thermal expansion mismatch affect composite restorations?

<p>It can lead to separation from tooth tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary strength factor of composite restorations?

<p>Adhesive bond to the tooth tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of fluoride release in compomers?

<p>It provides a constant release over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for compomers to adhere to enamel and dentin effectively?

<p>A standard dentin adhesive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of polymerization shrinkage, how does compomer compare to composite resins?

<p>It has similar volume shrinkage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limits the applications of compomers in dental procedures?

<p>Their mechanical properties are not suitable for high-stress situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the mechanical properties of compomers from composite resins?

<p>Compomers generally have inferior mechanical properties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the water absorption of compomers compare to that of composite resins?

<p>Compomers absorb water more quickly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential issue with compomers due to their hydrophilic resin matrix?

<p>Excessive hydrolytic expansion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situations are compomers considered a good alternative to glass ionomers?

<p>Temporary restorations in permanent teeth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can improve the performance of certain compomer products?

<p>Proprietary adhesives with self-etching primer characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical outcome reported for compomers after 3-4 years of use?

<p>Successful clinical results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Diametral Tensile Test

A test that evaluates the tensile strength of a material by applying force perpendicular to the diameter of a disc-shaped specimen. It's less direct than a standard tensile test.

Hardness

The ability of a material to resist scratching or indentation. Hard materials have a higher resistance to wear.

Wear Resistance

How much material is worn away over time. It's influenced by factors like hardness, interaction with other surfaces, and chemical attack.

Abrasive Wear

The wear caused by two surfaces rubbing against each other, where the harder surface can indent or remove material from the softer surface.

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Three-Body Abrasion

A type of abrasive wear that occurs when an abrasive slurry (e.g., food, toothpaste) is present between two surfaces, instead of direct contact. This is more common clinically.

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Fatigue Wear

Wear caused by repeated loading and unloading of a material, leading to the formation and growth of cracks. This is common for teeth.

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Corrosive Wear

Wear caused by chemical attack on the material. This can happen through the breakdown of the resin-filler interface or acid erosion.

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Hydrolysis

The breakdown of the bond between the resin and the filler particles in a composite material. This weakens the material.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking

Cracks that develop in a material due to combined stress and chemical attack.

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Predicting Wear Resistance

The process of predicting the wear resistance of dental restorative materials is complex due to multiple factors.

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Radiopacity of Composites

The ability of a composite material to show up on an X-ray.

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Radiopacity for Caries Detection

Composites should be at least as radiopaque as enamel to allow for detection of caries.

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Marginal Discoloration

Discoloration at the margins of a composite restoration, often due to debris trapped between the restoration and the tooth.

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General Surface Discoloration

Discoloration of the entire surface of a composite restoration, often due to surface roughness or large filler particles.

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Bulk Discoloration

Discoloration that occurs deep within a composite restoration, often due to chemical breakdown and fluid absorption.

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Compressive Strength

The ability of a material to resist compression forces.

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Tensile Strength

The ability of a material to resist tension forces caused by bending.

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Diametral Tensile Strength (DTS)

A test used to measure the tensile strength of brittle materials like composites.

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Compomer

A tooth-colored restorative material that combines the properties of resin composites and glass-ionomer cements.

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Fluoro-alumino-silicate glass

A component of compomers, similar to the glass in GICs, which releases fluoride ions upon acid attack.

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Carboxyl group containing monomer

A polymerizable monomer containing carboxyl groups (-COOH) that contributes hydrogen ions needed to dissolve the fluoro-alumino-silicate glass in compomers.

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Dimethacrylate monomer (UDMA)

A key component of compomers that forms the matrix for the composite material.

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Radical polymerization

The process by which light activates the polymerization of the resin matrix in compomers.

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Fluoride release in compomers

The release of fluoride ions from the fluoro-alumino-silicate glass in compomers is a slow, continuous process driven by an acid-base reaction between the glass and polycarboxyl groups.

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Hydrophilic monomers

A process that enhances water absorption in compomers, facilitating the diffusion of fluoride ions through the matrix.

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Compomers as resin-based composites

Compomers are resin-based composites, modified to include properties of glass-ionomer cements.

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Spectrum of restorative materials

Compomers are part of a spectrum of restorative materials ranging from glass-ionomer cements to resin composites, with resin-modified glass-ionomer cements filling the gap.

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Difference between compomers and RMGICs

Compomers are different from resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs) in their base composition and how they are modified.

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Water Sorption in Composite Resins

The tendency of a composite resin to absorb water, which can affect its color stability and wear resistance. This is primarily due to the resin component, not the filler particles.

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Water Sorption

A measure of the amount of water absorbed by a material, usually expressed in micrograms per cubic millimeter (µg/mm³).

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Equilibrium Water Uptake

The amount of water absorbed by a material at equilibrium, meaning the material has absorbed as much water as it can.

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Resin Content

The ratio of the volume of resin to the total volume of the composite material. A higher resin content means a higher water absorption.

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Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

The change in volume of a material in response to changes in temperature. Measured in parts per million per degree Celsius (ppmx.°C⁻¹).

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Differential Expansion Factor

The difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between a composite resin and tooth tissue. Ideally, this difference should be minimized to reduce stress on the composite and tooth.

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Glass Filler

A material that has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than pure resin. Increasing filler loading decreases overall expansion.

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Micro-filled Resin

A type of composite resin with a higher coefficient of thermal expansion due to its higher resin content. These may be more prone to wear and tear over time.

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Complementary Particle Size Distributions

Mixing fillers of different sizes to maximize the amount of filler packed into a composite material.

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Small-Particle Hybrid Composites

Composite materials containing filler particles smaller than 1 micrometer, creating smoother surfaces that are invisible to the naked eye.

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Nanocomposites

Composites with filler particles in the nanometer size range, offering enhanced properties compared to conventional composites.

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Ideal Viscosity in Composite Resins

The ideal viscosity allows the material to fill large cavities and flow into inaccessible spaces without flowing under its own weight, enabling sculpting and easy manipulation.

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Flowable Composites

Flowable composites were designed to improve marginal adaptation, with a lower viscosity for better flow and adaptation to tooth surfaces.

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Packable Composites

Packable composites are slightly higher in filler loading (1-2 vol.%) with a higher viscosity for better packing into cavities and a handling that resembles amalgam.

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Light Curing of Composite Resins

Composite resins can be placed in layers, and each layer needs to be cured with light to fully harden the material.

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Adhesion of Composite Resins

Composite resin restorations are not inherently adhesive to enamel and dentin, requiring acid etching and the application of a bonding agent.

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Components of Composite Resins

Composite resins are made up of various components, including uncured resins, diluents, UV stabilizers, plasticizers and initiators, some of which can be released during use.

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Biocompatibility of Composite Resins

The release of some components, like low-molecular weight monomers, may be of concern due to potential cytotoxicity and hypersensitivity issues.

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Limitations of Composite Resins

Composite resins are not recommended for applications requiring high stress or wear resistance, as they can be prone to wear and fracture.

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Filler Loading in Composite Resins

The amount of filler loading in composite resins affects their properties, with higher filler loading providing greater strength and wear resistance, but making the material more difficult to handle.

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Ideal Viscosity in Composite Resins

The ideal viscosity allows the material to easily fill cavities and adapt to the tooth shape, making it easier to work with and achieve a good contour and finish.

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Indirect Composite Restorations

Composite restorations placed in the dental lab, offering advantages like complete curing, improved contour, and avoiding polymerization shrinkage.

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Fiber-Reinforced Composites (FRCs)

These composites use fibers for strength and stiffness, making them ideal for crowns, bridges, and dentures.

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Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Composites (FRCs)

The use of FRCs in splints, bridges, crowns, and removable dentures is possible due to their high strength and stiffness, combined with low weight.

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Aesthetic Benefits of Composite Restorations

Composite restorations excel in aesthetics, making them perfect for anterior applications like restoring incisal/proximal lesions, abrasion, and erosion.

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Limitations of Composite Restorations in the Posterior

While composites are great for aesthetics, they are less suitable for posterior restorations due to potential marginal seal issues and problems with wear/fracture in high-load areas.

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Composite Restorations for Early Cavities

Composite restorations are particularly useful for small, early carious lesions because they offer an aesthetic and minimally invasive solution.

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The Advantage of Lab Curing

Lab curing offers advantages over in-situ curing for composite restorations by minimizing problems related to polymerization shrinkage.

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Unreacted Methacrylate in Composite Restorations

Unreacted methacrylate groups in composite restorations can be a concern, especially if they aren't fully cured. This can lead to issues like color change and deterioration.

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Polymerization Shrinkage in Composites

Composite restorations, especially large ones, are more prone to shrinkage during polymerization, which can lead to gaps forming between the filling and the tooth, causing sensitivity and potential leakage.

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Dentin Bonding Challenges in Composites

The bond between composite and dentin is weaker than the bond to enamel, making large restorations more likely to fail at the margin. This weakens the restoration and can lead to sensitivity.

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Thermal Expansion Mismatch in Composites

When a filling expands and contracts at a different rate than the tooth, stress can build up, causing the restoration to fail.

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Occlusal Load on Posterior Composites

Large composite restorations in the back of the mouth are more likely to wear down quickly due to heavy chewing forces, potentially leading to fracture.

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Composite Material Properties & Bond Strength

Composite materials are less strong than amalgam and rely heavily on the bond to the tooth. Weakening this bond through poor moisture control or faulty application increases the risk of fracture.

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Deep Gingival Preparations and Composites

Restorations in deep cavities near the gum line are harder to seal properly, increasing the risk of sensitivity, staining, and potentially even further decay.

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Composite Bond Strength & Enamel

Composites rely heavily on enamel bonding for strength. If there's not enough enamel, the bond to dentin is weaker, making it more likely to fail.

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Composite Wear and Load-Bearing Cusps

Composites wear down faster under stress, which can lead to fracture, especially in the posterior region. This issue is exacerbated if the bond to the tooth has been compromised.

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Moisture Control for Composite Bonding

Moisture contamination can drastically weaken the bond between composite and tooth, compromising the restoration's longevity.

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Bruxism and Composite Wear

Bruxism or forceful chewing can dramatically accelerate wear and tear on composite restorations, even in areas not typically subjected to high stress.

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Handling Characteristics of Compomers

Compomers have good handling characteristics, such as flow and shaping, making them easy to work with.

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Adhesion of Compomers

Compomers do not bond directly to enamel and dentin; a dentin adhesive is required to enhance bonding.

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Polymerization Shrinkage in Compomers

Compomers experience shrinkage similar to composite resins during polymerization, about 2-2.5% volume shrinkage.

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Mechanical Properties of Compomers

Compomers are slightly weaker than composite resins in terms of mechanical properties like compressive, diametral, and flexural strength.

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Applications of Compomers

Compomers are used for fluoride release, especially in low-stress situations like small cavities or temporary fillings. They are a good alternative to glass ionomers.

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Compomers as an Alternative

Compomers are considered a good alternative to glass ionomers and resin-modified glass ionomers due to their aesthetic properties and fluoride release.

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Water Absorption in Compomers

Compomers have a faster water absorption rate than composite resins due to their hydrophilic resin matrix.

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Components of Compomers

Compomers contain fluoro-alumino-silicate glass, similar to glass ionomers, and a carboxyl group containing monomer, which contribute to their fluoride release.

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Compomers and All-Ceramic Restorations

The use of compomers as luting agents for all-ceramic restorations is not recommended due to the possibility of excessive hydrolytic expansion.

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Study Notes

Radiopacity

  • When composites are used as posterior restorative material, their radiopacity is of utmost importance.
  • A non-radiopaque composite is virtually impossible, and would allow the caries process to continue undetected for too long.
  • Some composites fall short of the radiopacity requirement, and should not be used for posterior restorations.

Color Match

  • The aesthetic qualities of composites are well recognized.
  • Composites can suffer from discoloration in one of three ways:
    • General surface discoloration
    • Marginal surface discoloration
    • Bulk discoloration
  • Marginal discoloration is usually due to the gap between the restoration and the tooth.
  • Debris penetrates the gap and leads to an unsightly marginal discoloration.
  • Employing an acid-etch technique, it is possible to overcome this problem by bonding with the enamel.

Mechanical Properties

  • Compressive strength and a number of composites are comparable with those of enamel and dentine.
  • It is interesting to note that an anterior composite can have a similar compressive strength to that of an enamel and dentine.
  • However, the indications for their use as posterior restorations are quite different.
  • It is important to know the compressive strength of a material.

Wear Resistance

  • Chemical attack on composites can occur as a result of a corrosive attack of the resin due to acid.
  • Wear is the process by which material is displaced or removed by the interfacial forces which are generated as two surfaces rub together.
  • Two-body abrasion occurs when the harder of the two surfaces rub together in the mouth.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties and behavior of composite materials used as restorative materials in dentistry. This quiz covers topics such as radiopacity, discoloration, tensile and compressive strength, and other characteristics affecting composite performance. Perfect for dental students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding.

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