Respiratory Tract Infections and Antimicrobial Proteins Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which diagnostic test involves looking for antibodies in a serum sample?

  • Viral culture
  • Respiratory sample analysis
  • Serology (correct)
  • Antigen detection

Which diagnostic test involves looking for antigens in a respiratory sample?

  • Serology
  • Respiratory sample analysis
  • Antigen detection (correct)
  • Viral culture

Which common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is a Gram-negative bacterium?

  • Escherichia coli
  • Haemophilus influenzae (correct)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Streptococcus agalactiae

Which virus is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

<p>Influenza virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test involves culturing the virus from a respiratory sample?

<p>Viral culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause community-acquired pneumonia?

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by ciliary dysfunction and impaired clearance of pathogens?

<p>Both cystic fibrosis and Kartagener's syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule mediates the secretion of antimicrobial proteins during pneumonia?

<p>Interleukins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components contribute to the antibacterial activity of alveolar lining fluid?

<p>Free fatty acids, lysozyme, and iron-binding proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for maintaining the sterility of the gas-exchanging airways?

<p>Alveolar macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ciliary dysfunction syndromes?

<p>Increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an immunocompetent patient with an acute systemic bacterial infection, what combination of changes in CBC and CRP are expected?

<p>Neutrophilic leucocytosis and high CRP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of high C-reactive protein levels?

<p>Rheumatoid arthritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major objectives for ordering different tests/investigations for patients with acute systemic bacterial infections?

<p>To diagnose the specific type of bacteria causing the infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication was the patient started on after admission?

<p>Intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate + clarithromycin + oseltamivir (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection can be associated with neutrophilic leucocytosis?

<p>Bacterial infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test can help assess inflammation in a patient with acute systemic bacterial infection?

<p>Chest X-ray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic would be the most appropriate to cover Mycoplasma pneumoniae in this case?

<p>Clarithromycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism in the blood culture was susceptible to penicillin?

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the likely reason for stopping clarithromycin and oseltamivir on the second day of admission?

<p>Positive respiratory viral screen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics covers Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococci, and Moraxella catarrhalis?

<p>Amoxicillin-clavulanate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic has a Mechanism of Action related to inhibiting protein synthesis?

<p>Clarithromycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism mentioned is not covered by beta-lactam antibiotics according to the provided information?

<p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathogens is capable of degrading cholesterol-containing membranes to invade eukaryotic cells?

<p>Acinetobacter baumannii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the anatomical structures that serve as natural barriers to prevent aspiration?

<p>To provide a mechanical obstruction to the airway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the primary role of the humoral immune system in the upper airway?

<p>To produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanical barrier in the upper airway that prevents aspiration?

<p>The epiglottis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of the cough reflex arc in the upper airway?

<p>To expel foreign particles from the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the rich microbial flora in the upper airway contribute to its defense against pathogens?

<p>By competing with and excluding pathogenic microbes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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