Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the location of the voluntary control system?
What is the location of the voluntary control system?
- Medulla
- Cervical spinal cord
- Thoracic spinal cord
- Cerebral cortex (correct)
What is responsible for activating the diaphragm?
What is responsible for activating the diaphragm?
- Cervical spinal cord
- Thoracic spinal cord
- Phrenic nerves (correct)
- Medulla
What inhibits the motor neurons to the expiratory muscles when the inspiratory muscles are active?
What inhibits the motor neurons to the expiratory muscles when the inspiratory muscles are active?
- Pacemaker cells
- Descending pathways (correct)
- Spinal reflexes
- Activity in agonists
What type of neurons are involved in the autonomic control of breathing?
What type of neurons are involved in the autonomic control of breathing?
Where are the motor neurons to the inspiratory muscles located?
Where are the motor neurons to the inspiratory muscles located?
What type of tracts transmit impulses from the voluntary control system to the respiratory motor neurons?
What type of tracts transmit impulses from the voluntary control system to the respiratory motor neurons?
What is the function of the descending pathways in the control of breathing?
What is the function of the descending pathways in the control of breathing?
What is responsible for the reciprocal innervation of inspiratory and expiratory muscles?
What is responsible for the reciprocal innervation of inspiratory and expiratory muscles?
What is the primary factor responsible for the rhythmic discharge of motor neurons that innervate the respiratory muscles?
What is the primary factor responsible for the rhythmic discharge of motor neurons that innervate the respiratory muscles?
What happens to breathing if the spinal cord is transected above the origin of the phrenic nerves?
What happens to breathing if the spinal cord is transected above the origin of the phrenic nerves?
What is the primary function of the neural control of breathing control system?
What is the primary function of the neural control of breathing control system?
What type of control is exerted by the neurons in the cortex?
What type of control is exerted by the neurons in the cortex?
What is the effect of a change in environmental conditions from normoxic to hypoxic on the rate of ventilation?
What is the effect of a change in environmental conditions from normoxic to hypoxic on the rate of ventilation?
What is the role of mechano and chemoreceptors in the system?
What is the role of mechano and chemoreceptors in the system?
How many separate neural mechanisms regulate respiration?
How many separate neural mechanisms regulate respiration?
What is the primary mechanism by which the neural control of breathing control system responds to changes in environmental conditions?
What is the primary mechanism by which the neural control of breathing control system responds to changes in environmental conditions?
What appears to be the primary function of the post-inspiratory output?
What appears to be the primary function of the post-inspiratory output?
Which group of neurons is responsible for initiating rhythmic respiration?
Which group of neurons is responsible for initiating rhythmic respiration?
What is the effect of damaging the pneumotaxic center?
What is the effect of damaging the pneumotaxic center?
What is the role of the vagi in respiration?
What is the role of the vagi in respiration?
Where are the main components of the respiratory control pattern generator located?
Where are the main components of the respiratory control pattern generator located?
What is the relationship between the pre-botzinger complex and motor neurons?
What is the relationship between the pre-botzinger complex and motor neurons?
What is the role of the tongue in respiration?
What is the role of the tongue in respiration?
What is the effect of cutting the vagi in anesthetized animals?
What is the effect of cutting the vagi in anesthetized animals?
What is the primary reason for the decrease in H+ concentration of arterial blood when PO2 falls?
What is the primary reason for the decrease in H+ concentration of arterial blood when PO2 falls?
What is the effect of an increase in ventilation on respiration?
What is the effect of an increase in ventilation on respiration?
Why are the stimulatory effects of hypoxia on ventilation not clearly manifest until they become strong enough?
Why are the stimulatory effects of hypoxia on ventilation not clearly manifest until they become strong enough?
What is the characteristic of respiration during sleep?
What is the characteristic of respiration during sleep?
What happens to the ventilatory response to hypoxia during sleep?
What happens to the ventilatory response to hypoxia during sleep?
What is the effect of a decrease in PCO2 during sleep?
What is the effect of a decrease in PCO2 during sleep?
What is Cheyne-Stokes respiration characterized by?
What is Cheyne-Stokes respiration characterized by?
In which disease states is Cheyne-Stokes respiration commonly seen?
In which disease states is Cheyne-Stokes respiration commonly seen?
What is the primary effect of the failure of the genioglossus muscle to contract during inspiration?
What is the primary effect of the failure of the genioglossus muscle to contract during inspiration?
What is the most common stage of sleep during which apneic episodes occur?
What is the most common stage of sleep during which apneic episodes occur?
What is the likely outcome of frequent apneas during sleep?
What is the likely outcome of frequent apneas during sleep?
What is associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents?
What is associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents?
What is a potential long-term complication of untreated sleep apnea?
What is a potential long-term complication of untreated sleep apnea?
What is a common symptom of sleep apnea?
What is a common symptom of sleep apnea?
What is the likely effect of sleep apnea on cardiovascular health?
What is the likely effect of sleep apnea on cardiovascular health?
What is the primary mechanism underlying sleep apnea?
What is the primary mechanism underlying sleep apnea?
