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Questions and Answers
What are tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe?
What are tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe?
- Alveoli
- Bronchi (correct)
- Lungs
- Bronchioles
What is the uppermost portion of the lung called?
What is the uppermost portion of the lung called?
Apex
What is the space between the lungs in the chest known as?
What is the space between the lungs in the chest known as?
Mediastinum
What is the term for nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue?
What is the term for nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue?
What does pulmonary parenchyma refer to?
What does pulmonary parenchyma refer to?
What is the removal of the voice box called?
What is the removal of the voice box called?
What does the combining form phren/o refer to?
What does the combining form phren/o refer to?
What is the medical term for the condition of decreased oxygen in the blood?
What is the medical term for the condition of decreased oxygen in the blood?
What is an example of a type of pneumoconiosis?
What is an example of a type of pneumoconiosis?
What is breathing easier in an upright position called?
What is breathing easier in an upright position called?
What is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity known as?
What is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity known as?
What are sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest called?
What are sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest called?
What does the 'P' in DPT stand for?
What does the 'P' in DPT stand for?
In which upper respiratory disorder does stridor occur?
In which upper respiratory disorder does stridor occur?
What is the term for difficult breathing?
What is the term for difficult breathing?
What is bronchial airway obstruction marked by dyspnea, wheezing, and cough called?
What is bronchial airway obstruction marked by dyspnea, wheezing, and cough called?
What is a collapsed lung referred to as?
What is a collapsed lung referred to as?
What is the term for material expelled from the lung?
What is the term for material expelled from the lung?
What is a localized area of pus formation in the lungs called?
What is a localized area of pus formation in the lungs called?
What is spitting up blood from the lungs known as?
What is spitting up blood from the lungs known as?
What is the term for a tube placed through the mouth to the trachea?
What is the term for a tube placed through the mouth to the trachea?
What does PPD stand for?
What does PPD stand for?
What is airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis called?
What is airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis called?
What is the name of an endoscopic exam?
What is the name of an endoscopic exam?
What does hypercapnia refer to?
What does hypercapnia refer to?
What are the branches of the windpipe that lead to the lungs called?
What are the branches of the windpipe that lead to the lungs called?
What is the region between the lungs called?
What is the region between the lungs called?
What are the collections of lymph tissues in the oropharynx called?
What are the collections of lymph tissues in the oropharynx called?
What are the air sacs in the lungs known as?
What are the air sacs in the lungs known as?
What is the outer fold of the pleura lying close to the ribs called?
What is the outer fold of the pleura lying close to the ribs called?
What are thin hairs in the respiratory system called?
What are thin hairs in the respiratory system called?
What is the voice box called?
What is the voice box called?
What is the middle region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs called?
What is the middle region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs called?
What is the air containing cavities in the bones around the nose called?
What is the air containing cavities in the bones around the nose called?
What is the lid-like piece that covers the voice box called?
What is the lid-like piece that covers the voice box called?
What gas is produced by cells and exhaled through the lungs?
What gas is produced by cells and exhaled through the lungs?
What are the divisions of the lungs called?
What are the divisions of the lungs called?
What are the essential cells of the lung that perform the main function?
What are the essential cells of the lung that perform the main function?
What is breathing in air referred to as?
What is breathing in air referred to as?
What is bronchiectasis?
What is bronchiectasis?
What does anosmia refer to?
What does anosmia refer to?
What does the term phrenic refer to?
What does the term phrenic refer to?
What is pneumothorax?
What is pneumothorax?
What is excessive carbon dioxide in the blood called?
What is excessive carbon dioxide in the blood called?
What does spitting up blood refer to?
What does spitting up blood refer to?
What is hoarseness or voice impairment known as?
What is hoarseness or voice impairment known as?
What term refers to breathing that is possible only when sitting up?
What term refers to breathing that is possible only when sitting up?
What is a nosebleed called?
What is a nosebleed called?
What does purulent mean?
What does purulent mean?
What are rales?
What are rales?
What does auscultation refer to?
What does auscultation refer to?
What is pulmonary infarction?
What is pulmonary infarction?
What is hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls called?
What is hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls called?
What is inflammation of tubes leading from the trachea known as?
What is inflammation of tubes leading from the trachea known as?
What is spasm and narrowing of bronchi referred to as?
What is spasm and narrowing of bronchi referred to as?
What is lung collapse known as?
What is lung collapse known as?
What is a malignant neoplasm in the bronchus called?
What is a malignant neoplasm in the bronchus called?
What is whooping cough referred to as?
What is whooping cough referred to as?
What is an inherited disease of exocrine glands called?
What is an inherited disease of exocrine glands called?
What other type of pneumoconiosis is mentioned?
What other type of pneumoconiosis is mentioned?
What does adenoid hypertrophy refer to?
What does adenoid hypertrophy refer to?
What is tachypnea?
What is tachypnea?
What is pleurodynia?
What is pleurodynia?
What is a pulmonary embolism?
What is a pulmonary embolism?
What is pulmonary edema?
What is pulmonary edema?
What is a pulmonary abscess?
What is a pulmonary abscess?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Anatomy and Terms
- Bronchi: Tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe, leading into the lungs.
- Apex: Uppermost portion of the lung.
- Mediastinum: Space between the lungs within the chest cavity.
- Adenoids: Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue crucial for immune response.
- Pulmonary parenchyma: Composed of alveoli and bronchioles, essential for gas exchange.
Surgical and Procedural Terms
- Laryngectomy: Surgical removal of the voice box.
- Endotracheal intubation: Tube placed through the mouth to the trachea for airway management.
- Bronchoscopy: Endoscopic examination of the bronchi.
Respiratory Conditions and Symptoms
- Hypoxemia: Condition characterized by decreased levels of oxygen in the blood.
- Asbestosis: A type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers.
- Orthopnea: Difficulty breathing that occurs when lying down, relieved by sitting up.
- Pyothorax: Collection of pus in the pleural cavity.
- Expectoration: The act of expelling material from the lungs.
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing.
- Asthma: Bronchial airway obstruction marked by dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing.
- Atelectasis: Collapse of lung or part of lung leading to reduced gas exchange.
- Hemoptysis: Spitting up blood from the lungs.
- Dysphonia: Impairment of voice resulting in hoarseness.
Diagnostic Tests and Measurements
- PPD Test: Tuberculin test used to detect exposure to tuberculosis.
- Hypercapnia: High carbon dioxide levels in the blood, often indicative of respiratory failure.
- Tachypnea: Abnormally rapid breathing.
Structures and Components of the Respiratory System
- Alveoli: Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
- Parietal pleura: Outer fold of the pleura lying close to the ribs.
- Cilia: Thin hairs that help to trap and expel foreign particles from the respiratory tract.
- Hilum: The middle region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
Respiratory Diseases
- Chronic bronchitis: Inflammation of tubes leading from the trachea, causing chronic cough and mucus production.
- Emphysema: Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls; leads to decreased respiratory function.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Airway obstruction seen in conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
- Pulmonary embolism: Clot in the lungs, often from deep vein thrombosis, causing respiratory distress.
- Pulmonary edema: Accumulation of fluid in the air sacs, often due to heart failure.
Other Important Terms
- Rales: Crackling noises in the lungs indicating fluid in the alveoli.
- Pleurodynia: Chest pain associated with pleural irritation.
- Epiglottis: Lid-like structure that covers the voice box during swallowing to prevent aspiration.
- Cystic fibrosis: Inherited disease affecting exocrine glands, leading to thick mucus production that clogs airways.
Lymphatic Structures
- Palatine tonsils: Collections of lymphatic tissue located in the oropharynx.
- Adenoid hypertrophy: Enlargement of the adenoids, often leading to obstructive symptoms in children.
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